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Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment (2000)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "3 Using Dietary Reference Intakes for Nutrient Assessment of Individuals." Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000.

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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment

TABLE 3-6 Example of Assessing Dietary Adequacy of an Individual

 

Thiamin (mg)

Riboflavin (mg)

Folate (μg)a

Calcium (mg)

Phosphorus (mg)

Vitamin D(μg)

Mr. G's Mean Intakeb

1.3

1.1

200

600c

1,000

3

RDAd

1.2

1.3

400

 

700

 

EARe

1.0

1.1

320

 

580

 

D = Intake − EAR

0.3

0.0

−120

 

420

 

SD Requirementf

0.1

0.11

32

 

58

 

SD withing

0.69

0.81

150

339

408

 

SD of Difference (D)h

0.28

0.33

65.1

 

165

 

D/SDD

1.07

0.0

−1.6

 

2.5

 

AIi

 

1,200

 

15

Intake − AI

 

−600

 

−12

c

Assessment (confidence of adequacy)j

About 85%

About 50%

About 5%

 

Over 98%

 

Assessment (qualitative)

Likely to be adequate

Intake should be improved

Intake should be improved

No assessmentk

Very likely to be adequate

No assessmentk

a Folate is based on μg of folate rather than Dietary Folate Equivalents for this example.

b Average of 7 days of intake.

c If Mr. G's mean calcium intake had been 1,300 mg instead of 600, one could determine whether intake was adequate after calculating the z-statistic (1,300 − 1,200)/128, where 128 is obtained as 339/7 days. In this case, the resulting z-statistic would have been 0.78, and one would be unable, at any reasonable level of assurance, to conclude that Mr. G's calcium intake is adequate.

d RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance.

e EAR = Estimated Average Requirement.

f Estimated as EAR × CV.

g See Appendix Table B-2.

h The standard deviation (SD) of the difference

i AI = Adequate Intake.

j Estimated using the algorithms described in Appendix B; see the Appendix for details of these calculations.

k One should use clinical judgment to obtain additional information if intake appears to be extremely low relative to the AI.

Page
68
Front Matter (R1-R14)
Contents (R15-R18)
Summary (1-18)
I. Historical Perspective and Background (19-20)
1 Introduction and Background (21-28)
2 Current Uses of Dietary Reference Standards (29-42)
II. Application of DRIs for Individual Diet Assessment (43-44)
3 Using Dietary Reference Intakes for Nutrient Assessment of Individuals (45-70)
III. Application of DRIs for Group Diet Assessment (71-72)
4 Using the Estimated Average Requirement for Nutrient Assessment of Groups (73-105)
5 Using the Adequate Intake for Nutrient Assessment of Groups (106-112)
6 Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Nutrient Assessment of Groups (113-126)
7 Specific Applications: Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups Using the Dietary Reference Intakes (127-144)
IV. Fine-Tuning Dietary Assessment Using the DRIs (145-146)
8 Minimizing Potential Errors in Assessing Group and Individual Intakes (147-161)
9 Research Recommended to Improve the Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (162-167)
10 References (168-178)
Appendix A: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (179-184)
Appendix B: Nutrient Assessment of Individuals: Statistical Foundations (185-202)
Appendix C: Assessing Prevalence of Inadequate Intakes for Groups: Statistical Foundations (203-210)
Appendix D: Assessing the Performance of the EAR Cut-Point Method for Estimating Prevalence (211-231)
Appendix E: Units of Observation: Assessing Nutrient Adequacy Using Household and Population Data (232-238)
Appendix F: Rationale for Setting Adequate Intakes (239-253)
Appendix G: Glossary and Abbreviations (254-261)
Appendix H: Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee Members (262-266)
Index (267-281)
Summary Table: Estimated Average Requirements (282-283)
Summary Table: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (284-286)
Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals (287-289)