Voluntary counseling and testing

General population

• Decreased HIV risk behavior

Prevention case management

HIV-infected persons, uninfected individuals at elevated risk

• Decreased sexual risk behavior

• Decreased drug use-related risk behavior

• Increased condom use

Health education and risk reduction counseling (HERR)

• For adolescents/youth

Adolescents, youth, young people at elevated risk (e.g., homeless, runaway)

• Increased HIV knowledge

• Increased positive attitudes toward risk reduction

• Decreased sexual risk behavior

• Increased condom use

• Decreased drug use-related risk behavior

• For injection drug users (IDUs)

IDU

• Decreased sexual risk behavior

• Decreased drug-related risk behavior

• Increased condom use

• For STD clinic attenders

STD clinic attenders, high-risk adults behavior

• Decreased sexual risk

• Increased condom use

• Decreased STD incidence

• Decreased drug use-related risk behavior

• For men who have sex with men (MSM)

Gay and bisexual men

• Decreased sexual risk behavior

• Increased condom use

• Decreased drug use-related risk behavior

• For women

Women at elevated risk of infection (including sexual partners of highrisk individuals, such as IDU)

• Increased HIV knowledge

• Increased condom use

• Decreased sexual risk behavior

• Decreased drug use-related risk behavior