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Rights & Permissions Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles Climate Data Records from Environmental Satellites: Interim Report Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change Other Related Titles Improving Atmospheric Temperature Monitoring Capabilities: Letter Report (2000) Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources (CGER) Citation Manager Export the bibliographic data for this book in your chosen format Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Citation Manager . "References." Improving Atmospheric Temperature Monitoring Capabilities: Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000. Please select a format: Page 11   E-mail Share on facebook Facebook Share on delicious Delicious Share on stumbleupon Stumble Share on twitter Twitter More Sharing ServicesMore The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. REFERENCES Angell, J.K. , 1999 . Variation with height and latitude of radiosonde temperature trends in North America , 1975-94 . J. Climate 12 , 2551-2561 . Angell, J.K. , 2000 . Tropospheric temperature variations adjusted for El Nino , 1958-1998 . J. Geophys. Res . 105 , 11841-11849. Angell, J.K. , andJ. Korshover 1975 . Estimate of the global change in tropospheric temperature between 1958 and 1973 . Mon. Wea. Rev. 103 , 1007-1012. Basist, A. , and M. Chelliah , 1997 . Comparison of tropospheric temperatures derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, NCEP operational analysis, and the microwave sounding unit . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 78 , 1431-1447. Chanin, M.-L. , and V. Ramaswamy , 1999 . Trends in Stratospheric Temperatures, Ch. 5. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998 . World Meteorological Organization . Geneva, Switzerland . p. 5.1-5.59 Christy, J.R. , 1995 . Temperature above the surface layer . Clim. Change 31 , 455-474. Christy, J.R. 2000 . Global Climate Change: Scientific and Social Impacts . Bridges 7 , 39-57 . Christy, J.R. , R.W. Spencer , and E. Lobl , 1998 . Analysis of the merging procedure for the MSU daily temperature time series . J. Climate 11 , 2016-2041 . Elliott, W.P. , and D.J. Gaffen , 1991 . On the utility of radiosonde humidity archives for climate studies . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 72 , 1507-1520 . Elliott, W.P. , and R.J. Ross , 2000 . Estimated impacts of synoptic scheduling of radiosondes on climate records . J. Climate 13 , 2116-2120. Gaffen, D.J. , 1993 . Historical changes in radiosonde instruments and practices, Instruments and Observing Methods , Report 50, WMO/TD-541 , World Meteorological Organization , Geneva , 123 pp. Gaffen, D.J. , 1994 . Temporal inhomogeneities in radiosonde temperature records . J. Geophys. Res. 99 , 3667-3676 . Gaffen, D.J. , 1996 . A digitized metadata set of global upper-air station histories , NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL-ARL 211 . Silver Spring , Maryland , 38 pp. Gaffen, D.J. , M.A. Sargent , R.E. Habermann , and J.R. Lanzante , 2000 . Sensitivity of tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends to radiosonde data quality . J. Climate 13 , 1776-1796 . Hurrell, J.W. , and K.E. Trenberth , 1998 . Difficulties in obtaining reliable temperature trends: Reconciling the surface and satellite MSU 2R trends . J. Climate 11 , 945-967 . IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) , 1996 . Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change . J.T. Houghton , F.G. Meira Filho , B.A. Callander , N. Harris , A. Kattenberg , and K. Maskell (eds.) Cambridge Univ. Press , Cambridge, U.K. , 570 pp. Karl, T.R. , V.E. Derr , D.R. Easterling , C.K. Folland , D.J. Hoffman , S. Levitus , N. Nicholls , D.E. Parker , and G.W., Withee . 1995 . Critical issues for long-term climate monitoring . Clim. Change 31 , 185-221 . Keckhut, P. , F.J. Schmidlin , A. Hauchecorne , and M.L. Chanin , 1999 . Stratospheric and mesospheric cooling trend estimates from U.S. rocketsondes at low latitude stations (8oS-34oN) taking into account instrumental changes and natural variability . J. Atmos. and Solar-Terr. Phys. 61 , 447-459 . NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) , 1995 . NOAA Strategic Plan: A Vision for 2005 . Executive Summary . U.S. Department of Commerce , September . NRC (National Research Council) , 1999 . Adequacy of Climate Observing Systems . National Academy Press , Washington, D.C. , 51 pp. Page 11 Front Matter (R1-R1) Letter Summary (1-1) 1. Satellite Observing System (2-5) 2. In Situ Observing System (6-8) 3. Climate Data Record Issues (9-10) References (11-12) Appendix A: Panel on Reconciling Temperature Observations (13-13) Appendix B: Statement of Task (14-14) Appendix C: Participants at the June 8, 2000 Meeting in Washington, D.C. (15-15) Appendix D: Acronyms (16-16) Appendix E: Acknowledgments (17-17)

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Improving Atmospheric Temperature Monitoring Capabilities REFERENCES Angell, J.K. , 1999 . Variation with height and latitude of radiosonde temperature trends in North America , 1975-94 . J. Climate 12 , 2551-2561 . Angell, J.K. , 2000 . Tropospheric temperature variations adjusted for El Nino , 1958-1998 . J. Geophys. Res . 105 , 11841-11849. Angell, J.K. , andJ. Korshover 1975 . Estimate of the global change in tropospheric temperature between 1958 and 1973 . Mon. Wea. Rev. 103 , 1007-1012. Basist, A. , and M. Chelliah , 1997 . Comparison of tropospheric temperatures derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, NCEP operational analysis, and the microwave sounding unit . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 78 , 1431-1447. Chanin, M.-L. , and V. Ramaswamy , 1999 . Trends in Stratospheric Temperatures, Ch. 5. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998 . World Meteorological Organization . Geneva, Switzerland . p. 5.1-5.59 Christy, J.R. , 1995 . Temperature above the surface layer . Clim. Change 31 , 455-474. Christy, J.R. 2000 . Global Climate Change: Scientific and Social Impacts . Bridges 7 , 39-57 . Christy, J.R. , R.W. Spencer , and E. Lobl , 1998 . Analysis of the merging procedure for the MSU daily temperature time series . J. Climate 11 , 2016-2041 . Elliott, W.P. , and D.J. Gaffen , 1991 . On the utility of radiosonde humidity archives for climate studies . Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 72 , 1507-1520 . Elliott, W.P. , and R.J. Ross , 2000 . Estimated impacts of synoptic scheduling of radiosondes on climate records . J. Climate 13 , 2116-2120. Gaffen, D.J. , 1993 . Historical changes in radiosonde instruments and practices, Instruments and Observing Methods , Report 50, WMO/TD-541 , World Meteorological Organization , Geneva , 123 pp. Gaffen, D.J. , 1994 . Temporal inhomogeneities in radiosonde temperature records . J. Geophys. Res. 99 , 3667-3676 . Gaffen, D.J. , 1996 . A digitized metadata set of global upper-air station histories , NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL-ARL 211 . Silver Spring , Maryland , 38 pp. Gaffen, D.J. , M.A. Sargent , R.E. Habermann , and J.R. Lanzante , 2000 . Sensitivity of tropospheric and stratospheric temperature trends to radiosonde data quality . J. Climate 13 , 1776-1796 . Hurrell, J.W. , and K.E. Trenberth , 1998 . Difficulties in obtaining reliable temperature trends: Reconciling the surface and satellite MSU 2R trends . J. Climate 11 , 945-967 . IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) , 1996 . Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change . J.T. Houghton , F.G. Meira Filho , B.A. Callander , N. Harris , A. Kattenberg , and K. Maskell (eds.) Cambridge Univ. Press , Cambridge, U.K. , 570 pp. Karl, T.R. , V.E. Derr , D.R. Easterling , C.K. Folland , D.J. Hoffman , S. Levitus , N. Nicholls , D.E. Parker , and G.W., Withee . 1995 . Critical issues for long-term climate monitoring . Clim. Change 31 , 185-221 . Keckhut, P. , F.J. Schmidlin , A. Hauchecorne , and M.L. Chanin , 1999 . Stratospheric and mesospheric cooling trend estimates from U.S. rocketsondes at low latitude stations (8oS-34oN) taking into account instrumental changes and natural variability . J. Atmos. and Solar-Terr. Phys. 61 , 447-459 . NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) , 1995 . NOAA Strategic Plan: A Vision for 2005 . Executive Summary . U.S. Department of Commerce , September . NRC (National Research Council) , 1999 . Adequacy of Climate Observing Systems . National Academy Press , Washington, D.C. , 51 pp.

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Improving Atmospheric Temperature Monitoring Capabilities NRC , 2000a . Reconciling Observations of Global Temperature Change . National Academy Press , Washington, D.C. , 85 pp. NRC , 2000b . Issues in the Integration of Research and Operational Satellite Systems for Climate Research: II. Implementation . National Academy Press . (in press) NWS (National Weather Service) , 1999 . Specification NWS-J070-RS-SP005 for Global Positioning System Radiosonde and Signal Processing System .Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, National Weather Service, Engineering Design Branch,Nov. 8, 1999. (available athttp://www.rrs.nws.noaa.gov/specific.htm ) . Ramaswamy, V. , M.-L. Chanin , J. Angell , J. Barnett , D. Gaffen , M. Gelman , P. Keckhut , Y. Koshelkov , K. Labitzke , J.-J. R. Lin , A. O'Neill , J. Nash , W. Randel , R. Rood , K. Shine , M. Shiotani , and R. Swinbank , 2000 . Stratospheric temperature changes: Observations and model simulations . Rev. Geophys. (in press) Stendel, M. , J.R. Christy and L. Bengtsson , 2000 . Assessing levels of uncertainty in recent temperature time series . Climate Dyn. 16 , 587-601 . Trenberth, K. E. , 1995 . Atmospheric circulation climate changes . Clim. Change 31 , 427-453 . Trenberth , K. E., D. P. Stepaniak , J. W. Hurrell and M. Fiorino , 2000 . Quality of reanalyses in the tropics . J. Climate 13 . Waliser, D.E. , and W. Zhou , 1997 . Removing satellite equatorial crossing time biases from the OLR and HRC datasets . J. Climate 10 , 2125-2146 . Wentz, F.J. , and M. Schabel , 1998 . Effects of satellite orbital decay on MSU lower tropospheric temperature trends . Nature 394 , 361-364 . Wentz, F.J. , P. Ashcroft , and C. Gentemann (in press) . Post-Launch calibration of the TRMM Microwave Imager . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing . WMO (World Meteorological Organization) , 2000 . Monitoring equipment used for upper-air observations . World Climate News 17 , 10-11 .

Representative terms from entire chapter:

temperature trends