National Academies Press: OpenBook

Global Change Ecosystems Research (2000)

Chapter: References

« Previous: The Panel's Advice to the USGCRP
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 38
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 39
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 40
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 41
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 42
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 43
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 44
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 45
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2000. Global Change Ecosystems Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9983.
×
Page 46

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

References Arnold, M.L., and B.D. Bennett. 1993. Natural hybridization in Louisiana irises: Genetic variation and ecological determinants. Pp.115-139 in Hybrid Zones and the Evolutionary Process. R.G. Harrison, ed. New York: Oxford Univer- sity Press. Auster, P.J., R.J. Malatesta, R.W. Langton, L. Walling, P.C. Valentine, C.L.S. Donaldson, E.W. Langton, A.N. Shepard, and I.G. Babb.1996. The impacts of mobile fishing gear on seafloor habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): Implications for conservation of fish populations. Rev. Fish. Sci. 4~2~: 185-202. Berendse, F., and W.T. Elberse.1990. Competition and nutrient availability in heath- land and grassland ecosystems. Pp.93- 116 in Perspectives on Plant Competi- tion. J.B. Grace, and D. Tilman, eds. San Diego: Academic Press. Bertness, M.D.1984. Habitat and community modification by an introduced herbivo- rous snail. Ecology 65:370-381. Bremer, D.J., J.M. Ham, and C.E. Owensby. 1996. Effect of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and open-top chambers on transpiration in a tallgrass prairie. J. Environ. Quality 25~4~:691-701. Bright, C.1998. Life Out of Bounds: Bioinvasions in a Borderless World. New York: Norton. Carpenter, S., T. Frost, L. Persson, M. Power, and D. Soto.1996. Freshwater ecosys- tems: Linkages of complexity end processes. Chapter 12 in Functional Roles of Biodiversity: A Global Perspective, H.A. Mooney, J.H. Cushman, E. Medina, O.K. Sala, and E. Schulze, eds. New York: Wiley. Carpenter, S.R., N.F. Caraco, D.L. Correll, R.W. Howarth, A.N. Sharpley, and V.H. Smith. 1998. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecol. Appl. 8~3~:559-568. Center, T.D., J.H. Frank, and F.A. Dray. 1997. Biological control. Pp. 245-266 in Strangers in Paradise - Impact and Management of Nonindigenous Species 38

REFERENCES 39 in Florida, D. Simberloff, D.C. Schmitz, and T.C. Brown, eds. Washington, DC: Island Press. Chapman, J.A., and J. R. Stauffer. 1981. The status and distribution of the New England cottontail. Pp. 973-983 in Proceedings of the World Lagomorph Conference, K. Myers, and C.D. MacInnes, eds. Ontario, Canada.: University of Guelph. Civeyrel, L., and D. Simberloff.1996. A tale oftwo snails: Is the cure worse than the disease? Biodivers. Conserv. 5(10~: 1231 - 1252. Clewell, A.F.1989. Natural history of wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx., Gramineae). Nat. Areas J. 9~4~:223-233. Cohen, A.N., and J.T. Carlton. 1998. Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science 279:555-558. Cohen, A.N., and J.T. Carlton. 1995. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary: A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Fran- cisco Bay and Delta. Arlington, VA: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Fish and Wildlife Management Assistance. Cole, J.J., C.L. Peierls, N.F. Caraco, and M.L. Pace.1993. Nitrogen loading of rivers as a human-driven process. Pp. 141-157 in Humans as Components of Ecosystems: The Ecology of Subtle Human Effects and Populated Areas, M.J. McDonnell, and S.T.A. Pickett, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag. Cook, A.C, D.T. Tissue, S.W. Roberts, and W.C. Oechel. 1998. Effects of long-term elevated tCO2] from natural CO2 springs on Nardus stricta: Photosynthesis, biochemistry, growth and phenology. Plant Cell Environ. 21~4~:417-425. Cooper, C.F.1960. Changes in vegetation, structure, and growth of southwestern pine forests since white settlement. Ecol. Monogr. 30:129-164. Correll, D.L.1997. Buffer zones and water quality protection: General principles. Pp. 7-20 in Buffer Zones: Their Processes and Potential in Water Protection, Proceedings of the International Conference on Buffer Zones, Held in Oxford, UK, September 1996, N.E. Haycock, T.P. Burt, K.W.T. Goulding, and G. Pinay, eds. St. Albans, UK: Quest Environmental. Correll, D.L., T.E. Jordan, and D.E. Weller. 1992. Nutrient flux in a landscape: Effects of coastal land use and terrestrial community mosaic on nutrient transport to coastal waters. Estuaries 15~4~:431-442. Curtis, P.S., C.S. Vogel, X. Wang, K.S. Pregitzer, D.R. Zak, J. Lussenhop, M. Kubiske, and J.A. Teeri. 2000. Gas exchange, leaf nitrogen, and growth efficiency of Pop ulus tremuloides in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. Ecol. Appl. 10~1~:3-17. Dahl, T.E. 1990. Wetland Losses in the United States, 1780's to 1980's. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Dale, V.H., S. Brown, R.A. Haeuber, N.T. Hobbs, N. Huntly, R.J. Nairnan, W.E. Riebsame, M.G. Turner, and T.J. Valone. 2000. Ecological principles and guidelines for managing the use of land. Ecol. Appl. 10~3~:639-670. Dobson, A.1995. The ecology and epidemiology of rinderpest virus in Serengeti and Ngorongoro Conservation Area. Pp. 485-505 in Serengeti II: Dynamics, Management, and Conservation of an Ecosystem, A.R.E. Sinclair, and P. Arcese, eds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

40 GLOBAL CHANGE ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH Dukes, J.S., and H.A. Mooney. 1999. Does global change increase the success of biological invaders? Trends Ecol. Evol. 14~4~:135-139. Field, C.B., R.B. Jackson, and H.A. Mooney. 1995. Stomatal responses to increased CO2: Implications from the plant to the global scale. Plant Cell Environ. 18~10~:1214-1226. Foster, D.R. 1992. Land-use history (1730-1990) and vegetation dynamics in central New England, USA. J. Ecol. 80~4~:753-772. Foster, D.R., T. Zebryk, P. Schoonmaker, and A. Lezberg. 1992. Post-settlement history of human land-use and vegetation dynamics of a Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) woodlot in central New England. J. Ecol. 80~4~:773-786. Galloway, J.N.1998. The global nitrogen cycle: Changes and consequences. Environ. Poll. 102(Suppl.1~:15-26. Goldschmidt, T. 1996. Darwin's Dreampond: Drama in Lake Victoria. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Grime, J.P.1997. Biodiversity and ecosystem function: The debate deepens. Science 277: 1260-1261. Groombridge, B. 1992. Global Biodiversity: Status ofthe Earth's Living Resources. London: Chapman & Hall. Harding, J.S., E.F. Benfield, P.V. Bolstad, G.S. HelLman, and E.B.D. Jones, III.1998. Stream biodiversity: The ghost of land use past. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95(25): 14843-14847. Hebeisen, T., A. Luscher, S. Zanetti, B. Fischer, U.A. Hartwig, M. Frehner, G.R. Hendrey, H. Blum, and J. Nosberger. 1997. Growth response of Trifolium repens L. and Lolium perenne L. as monocultures and bi-species mixture to free air CO2 enrichment and management. Global Change Biology 3~2~: 149- 161. Houghton, R.A. 1995. Land-use change and ~e carbon cycle. Global Change Biol. 1~4~:275-287. Howarth, R.W., G. Billen, D. Swaney, A. Townsend, N. Jaworski, K. Lajtha, J.A. Downing, R. Elmgren, N. Caraco, T. Jordan, F. Berendse, J. Freney, V. Kudeyarov, P. Murdoch, and Z. Zhao-Liang. 1996. Regional nitrogen budgets and riverine inputs of N and P fluxes for the drainages to the North Atlantic Ocean: Natural and human influences. Biogeochemistry 35~1~:75- 139. Hungate, B.A., C.P. Lund, H.L. Pearson, and F.S. Chapin, III.1997. Elevated CO and nutrient addition alter soil N cycling and N trace gas fluxes with early season wet-up in a California annual grassland. Biogeochemistry 37~2~: 89-109. Hutchinson, G.E. 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals? Am. Nat. 93~870~: 145- 159. Irland, L.C. 1982. Wildlands and Woodlots A Story of New England's Forests. Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. Jin-Eong, O. 1995. The ecology of mangrove conservation and management. Hydrobiologia 295(1/3~:343-351. Kimball, B.A., R.L. Lamorte, R.S. Seay, P. J. Pinter, Jr., R.R. Rokey, D.J. Hunsaker, W.A. Dugas, M.L. Heuer, J.R. Mauney, G.R. Hendrey, K.F. Lewin, and N.

REFERENCES 41 Nagy. 1994. Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment on energy balance and evapotranspiration of cotton. Agric. For. Meteorol. 70~1-4~:259-278. Lafferty, K.D., and A.M. Kuris. 1996. Biological control of marine pests. Ecology 77(7): 1989-2000. Lapointe, B. E., W. R. Matzie, and P. J. Barile. 2000. Biotic phase-shifts in Florida Bay end bank reefcommunities ofthe Florida Keys: Linkages with historical freshwater flows and nitrogen loading from Everglades runoff. In J. W. Porter and K. W. Porter, eds. Linkages Between Ecosystems in the South Florida Hydroscape. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Lauenroth, W.K., J.L. Dodd, andP.L. Sims.1978. The effects of water- andnitrogen- induced stresses on plant community structure in a semiarid grassland. Oecologia 36~2~:211-222. Likens, G.E., C.T. Driscoll, and D.C. Buso. 1996. Long-term effects of acid rain: Response and recovery of a forest ecosystem. Science 272:244-246. Litvaitis, J.A.1993. Response of early successional vertebrates to historic changes in land use. Conserv. Biol. 7:866-873. Lowrance, R., L.S. Altier, J.D. Newbold, R.R. Schnabel, P.M. Groffman, J.M. Den- ver, D.L. Correll, J.W. Gilliam, J.L. Robinson, R.B. Brinsf~eld, K.W. Staver, W. Lucas, and A.H. Todd. 1997. Water quality functions of riparian forest buffers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Environ. Manage.21 (5~:687-712. Lubchenco, J., A.M. Olson, L.B. Brubaker, S.R. Carpenter, M.M. Holland, S.P. Hubbell, S.A Levin, J.A. MacMahon, P.A. Matson, J.M. Melillo, H.A. Mooney, C.H. Peterson, H.R. Pulliam, L.A. Real, P.J. Regal, and P.G. Risser. 1991. The sustainable biosphere initiative: An ecological research agenda: A report from the Ecological Society of America. Ecology 72~2~:371-412. Mack, R.N.1989. Temperate grasslands vulnerable to plant invasions: Characteristics and consequences. Pp. 155-179 in Biological Invasions: A Global Perspec- tive, J.A. Drake, H.A. Mooney, F. diCastri, R.H. Groves, F.J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson, eds. Chichester, UK: Wiley. Matson, P.A., W.J. Parton, A.G. Power, and M.J. Swift. 1997. Agricultural intensifi- cation and ecosystem properties. Science 277:504-509. Meyer, W.B. 1995. Past and present land use and land cover in the USA. Conse- quences 1~1~:25-33. Meyer, W.B., and B.L. Turner, II. 1994. Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press. Mladenoff, D.J., and M.A.White.1994. Old-growth forest landscape transitions from pre-European settlement to present. Landscape Ecol. 9~3): 191 -205. Moffat, A.S.1998. Global nitrogen overload problem grows critical. Science 279:988- 989. Mooney, H.A., J. Lubchenco, R. Dirzo, and O.K. Sala.1995. Biodiversity and ecosys- tem functioning: Basic principles [Section 5], and Biodiversity and ecosys- tem ~nctioning: Ecosystem analyses [Section 6~. Pp. 275-452 in Global Biodiversity Assessment, V.H. Heywood, and E. Dowdeswell, eds. Cam- bridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Mooney, H.A., J. Canadell, F.S. Chapin, J. Ehleringer, C. Korner, R. McMurtrie, W.J.

42 ! GLOBAL CHANGE ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH Parton, L. PiteLka, and E.D. Schulz. 1999. Ecosystem physiology responses to global change. Pp. 141-189 in The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change: Implications for Natural and Managed Ecosystems, B. WaLker, W. Steffen, J. Canadell, and J. Ingram, eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univer- sity Press. Nabuurs, G.J., R. Paivinen, R. Sikkema, and G.M.J. Mohren.'1997. The role of European forests in the global carbon cycle--A review. Biomass Bioenergy 13~6~:345-358. Naiman, R.J., and H. Decamps. 1997. The ecology of interfaces: Riparian zones. Annul Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28:621-658. NRC (National Research Council). 1995. Science and the Endangered Species Act. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1996a. The Bering Sea Ecosystem. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1996b. Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council).1997. The Scientific Bases for Preservation of the Mariana Crow. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1999a. Global Environmental Change: Research Pathways for the Next Decade. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council).1999b. Sustaining Marine Fisheries. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council).1999c. Water for the Future: The West Bank and Gaza Strip, Israel, and Jordan. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council).1999d. Hydrologic Science Priorities for the U.S. Global Change Research Program: An Initial Assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 2000. Clean Coastal Waters: Understanding and Reducing the Effects of Nutrient Pollution. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. National Science Board. 2000. Environmental Science and Engineering for the 21st Century: The Role ofthe National Science Foundation. NSB 00-22. National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA. Noss, R.F., and B. Csuti. 1994. Habitat fragmentation. Pp. 237-264 in Principles of Conservation Biology. G.K. Meffe, and C.R. Carroll, eds. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., NSTC (National Science and Technology Council).1997. Our Changing Planet: The FY 1998 U.S. Global Change Research Program. A supplement to the President's Fiscal Year 1998 budget. Global Change Research Information Office, Washington, DC. NSTC (National Science and Technology Council). 1999. Our Changing Planet: The FY 2000 U.S. Global Change Research Program. A Supplement to the President's Fiscal Year 2000 Budget. Global Change Research Information Off~ce, Washington, DC. Opler, P.A.1979. Insects of American chestnut: Possible importance and conservation

REFERENCES 43 concern. Pp. 83-85 in Proceedings of the American Chestnut Symposium, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, Jan.4-5, 1978, W. McDonald, F.C. Cech, J. Luchok, and C. Smith, eds. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University Books. Osborne, L.L., and D.A. Kovacic. 1993. Riparian vegetated buffer strips in water- quality restoration and stream management. Freshwater Biol.29~2~:243-258. OTA (Office of Technology Assessment, U. S. Congress).1993. Harmful Non-Indige- nous Species in the United States. OTA-F-565. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Pan, Y., J.M. Melillo, A.D. McGuire, D.W. Kicklighter, L.F. Pitelka, K. Hibbard, L.L. Pierce, S.W. Running, D.S. Ojima, W.J. Parton, D.S. Schimel, and other VEMAP members. 1998. Modeled responses of terrestrial ecosystems to elevated atmospheric CO2: A comparison of simulations by the biogeochem- istry models of the Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP). Oecologia 114~3~:389-404. Pauly, D. 1995. Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10~10~:430. Pauly, D., V. Christensen, J. Dalsgaard, R. Froese, and F. Torres, Jr. 1998. Fishing down marine food webs. Science 279:860-863. Perlin, J.1989. A Forest Journey: The Role of Wood in the Development of Civiliza- tion. New York: W.W. Norton. Petren, K., and T.J. Case. 1996. An experimental demonstration of exploitation competition in an ongoing invasion. Ecology 77~1~:118-132. Pickett, S.T.A., and P.S. White, eds. 1985. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. Academic Press, New York. Pimentel, D., L. Lach, R. Zuniga, and D. Morrison. 2000. Environmental and eco- nomic costs associated with non-indigenous species in the United States. Bioscience 50~1~:53-65. Policansky, D.1993. Fishing as a cause of evolution in fishes. Pp.2-18 in The Exploi- tation of Evolving Resources, Lecture Notes in Biomathematics 99, T.K. Stokes, J.M. McGlade, and R. Law, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Polley, H.W., H.B. Johnson, H.S. Mayeux, and C.R. Tischler.1996. Are some ofthe recent changes in grassland communities a response to rising CO2 concentra- tions? Pp. 177-195 in Carbon Dioxide, Populations, and Communities, C. Korner, and F. Bazzaz, eds. San Diego: Academic Press. Postel, S. 1999. Pillar of Sand: Can the Irrigation Miracle Last? New York: W.W. Norton. Postel, S.L., G.C. Daily, and P.R. Ehrlich. 1996. Human appropriation of renewable fresh water. Science 271 :785-788. Pregitzer, K.S., D.R. Zak, J. Maziasz, J. DeForest, P.S. Curtis, and J. Lussenhop. 2000. Interactive effects of atmospheric CO2 and soil-N availability on f~ne roots of Populus tremuloides. Ecol. Appl. 10~1~:18-33. Reeves, M. C.1976. Wildlife and its management in Indiana from 1716- 1900. Pp.2-4 in Fish and Wildlife in Indiana, 1776-1976. Proceedings of the American Fisheries Society and The Wildlife Society, H.E. McReynolds, ed.

44 GLOBAL CHANGE ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH Rejmanek, M., and D.M. Richardson.1996. What attributes make some plant species more invasive? Ecology 77~6~: 1655-1661. Rhymer, J.M., and D. Simberloff. 1996. Extinction by hybridization and introgres- sion. Annul Rev. Ecol. Syst. 27:83-109. Ricciardi, A., F.G. Whoriskey, and J.B. Rasmussen. 1997. The role of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in structuring macroinvertebrate communi- ties on hard substrata. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 54~11~:2596-2608. Robbins, J.1996. Trouble in fly fishermen's paradise. New York Times, Aug.23, p. A7. Robinson, G.R., R.D. Holt, M.S. Gaines, S.P. Hamburg, M.L. Johnson, H.S. Fitch, and E.A. Martinko.1992. Diverse and contrasting effects of habitat fragmen- tation. Science 257~5069~:524-526. Sagoff, M. 1996. On the value of endangered and other species. Environ. Manage. 20~6~:897-911. Saunders, D.A., R.J. Hobbs, and C.R. Margules. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: A review. Conserv. Biol. 5:18-32. Schimel, D.S., D. Alves, I. Enting, M. Heimann, F. Joos, D. Raynaud, and T. Wigley. 1996. Radiative forcing of climate change. Pp 65-131 in Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell, eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Schimel, D., J. Melillo, H. Tian, A.D. McGuire, D. Kicklighter, T. Kittel, N. Rosen- bloom, S. Running, P. Thornton, D. Ojima, W. Parton, R. Kelly, M. Sykes, R. Neilson, and B. Rizzo. 2000. Contribution of the increasing CO2 and climate to carbon storage by ecosystems in the United States. Science 287:2004-2006. Schlesinger, W.H. and A.E. Hartley. 1992. A global budget for ahnospheric NH3. Biogeochemistry. 15: 191-211. Schmitz, D.C., D. Simberloff, R.H. Hofstetter, W. Haller, and D. Sutton. 1997. The ecological impact of nonindigenous plants. Pp. 39-61 in Strangers in Para- dise: Impact and Management of Nonindigenous Species in Florida, D. Simberloff, D.C. Schmitz, and T.C. Brown, eds. Washington, DC: Island Press. Schnoor, J.L., J.N. Galloway, W.H. Schlesinger, H. Levy, II, and A. Michaels.1995. Nitrogen fixation: Anthropogenic enhancement-environment response. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 9~2~:235-252. Seamon, P.A., R.L.Myers, L.E. Robbins, and G.S. Seamon. 1989. Wiregrass repro- duction and community restoration. Nat. Areas J. 9~4~:264-265. Sellers, P.J., L. Bounoua, G.J. Collatz, D.A. Randall, D.A. Dazlich, S.O. Los, J.A. Berry, I. Fung, C.J. Tucker, C.B. Field, and T.G. Jenson.1996. Comparison of radiative and physiological effects of doubled atmospheric CO2 on cli- mate. Science 271: 1402-1406. Shukla, J., C. Nobre, and P. Sellers.1990. Amazon deforestation and climate change. Science 247:1322-1325. Socolow, R.H. l 999. Nitrogen management and the future of food: Lessons from the management of energy and carbon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96:6001-6008.

REFERENCES 45 Stein, B.A., and S.R. Flack.1997.1997 Species Report Card: The State of U.S. Plants and Animals. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. Swift, B. L. 1984. Status of riparian ecosystems in the United States. Water Resour. Bull. 20(2):223-228. Tans, P.P., I.Y. Fung, end T. Takahashi.1990. Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO2 budget. Science 247: 1431 - 1438. Thompson, J.D. 1991. The biology of an invasive plant. BioScience 41 (6~:393-401. Tilman, D. 1996. Biodiversity: Population versus ecosystem stability. Ecology 77(2):350-363. Tilman, D., and J.A. Downing.1994. Biodiversity and stability in grasslands. Nature 367(6461):363-365. Trautman, M.B. 1981. The Fishes of Ohio, Rev. Ed. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press. Tschinkel, W.R.1993. The fire ant (Solenopsis invicta): Still unvanquished. Pp.121 - 136 in Biological Pollution: The Control and Impact of Invasive Exotic Species: Proceedings of a Symposium held at the University Place Confer- ence Center, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis on Octo- ber 25 & 26, 1991, B.N. McKnight, ed. Indianapolis: Indiana Academy of Science. Turner, B.L., II, W.C. Clark, R.W. Kates, J.F. Richards, J.T. Matthews, and W.B. Meyer. 1990. The Earth as Transformed by Human Action: Global and Regional Changes in the Biosphere Over the Past 300 Years. New York: Cambridge University Press. Turner, M.G., S.R. Carpenter, E.J. Gustafson, R.J. Naiman, and S.M. Pearson.1998. Land use. Pp. 37-61 in Status and Trends of the Nation's Biological Re- sources, Volume 1, M.J. Mac, P.A. Opler, C.E. Puckett Haecker, and P.D. Doran, eds. U.S. Department ofthe Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Tyrrell, T. 1999. The relative influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on oceanic primary production. Nature 400~6744~:525-531. van Riper, C., III, S.G. van Riper, M.L. Goff, and M. Laird.1986. The epizootiology and ecological significance of malaria in Hawaiian landbirds. Ecol. Monogr. 56~4~:327-344. Varley, J.D., and P. Schullery. 1998. Yellowstone Fishes: Ecology, History, and Angling in the Park. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. Vitousek, P.M. 1986. Biological invasions and ecosystem properties: Can species make a difference? Pp.163-176 in Ecology of Biological Invasions of North America and Hawaii, H.A. Mooney and J.A. Drake, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag. Vitousek, P.M., and R.W. Howarth. l 991. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: How can it occur? Biogeochemistry 13~2~:87-115. Vitousek, P.M., C.M. D'Antonio, L.L. Loope, and R. Westbrooks. 1996. Biological invasions as global environmental change. Am. Sci. 84~5~:468-478. Vitousek, P.M., H.A. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, and J.M. Melillo.1997a. Human domi- nation of Earth's ecosystems. Science 277:494-499. Vitousek, P.M., J.D. Aber, R.W. Howarth, G.E. Likens, P.A. Matson, D.W. Schindler,

46 GLOBAL CHANGE ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH W.H. Schlesinger, and D.G. Tilman. 1997b. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecol. Appl. 7~39:737-750. Vivrette, N.J., and C.H. Muller. 1977. Mechanism of invasion and dominance of coastal grassland by Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Ecol. Monogr. 47(3):301-318. von Broembsen, S.L. 1989. Invasions of natural ecosystems by plant pathogens. Pp. 77-83 in Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective, J.A. Drake, H.A. Mooney, F. di Castri, R.H. Groves, F.J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson, eds. Chichester, UK: Wiley. Wallin, D.O., F.J. Swanson, and B.J. Marks. 1994. Landscape pattern response to changes in pattern generation rules: Land-use legacies in forestry. Ecol. Appl. 4~3~:569-580. Waples, R.S. l 999. Fish culture perspective--Dispelling some myths about hatcheries. Fisheries 24~2~: 12-21. Watson, R.T., J.A. Dixon, S.P. Hamburg, A.C. Janetos, andR.H. Moss.1998. Protect- ing Our Planet Securing Our Future: Linkages Among GlobalEnvironmen- tal Issues and Human Needs. l3NEP, NASA, and The World Bank. Washing- ton, D.C. Westbrooks, R.G. 1998. Invasive Plants: Changing the Landscape of America: Fact Book. Washington, DC: Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds. Williamson, M.H. 1996. Biological Invasions. London: Chapman & Hall. Zak, D.R., K.S. Pregitzer, P.S. Curtis, C.S. Vogel, W.E. Holmes, and J. Lussenhop. 2000a. Atmospheric CO2, soil-N availability, and allocation of biomass and nitrogen by Pop ulus tremuloides. Ecol. Appl. 10~1~:34-46. Zak, D.R., K.S. Pregitzer, P.S. Curtis, and W.E. Holmes. 2000b. Atmospheric CO2 and the composition and function of soil microbial communities. Ecol. Appl. 10~1~:47-59.

Next: Appendix: Participants in Ecosystem Panel's Workshop »
Global Change Ecosystems Research Get This Book
×
 Global Change Ecosystems Research
Buy Paperback | $47.00 Buy Ebook | $37.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Research Council established the Ecosystems Panel in response to a request from the United States Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). The panel's charge included periodic reviews of the ecosystems aspects of the USGCRP, and this is the first of those reviews. It is based on information provided by the USGCRP, including Our Changing Planet (NSTC 1997 and earlier editions 1); ideas and conversations provided by participants in a workshop held in St. Michaels, Maryland, in July 1998; and the deliberations of the panel. In addition, the panel reviewed the ecosystems chapter of the NRC report Global Environmental Change: Research Pathways for the Next Decade (NRC 1999a, known as the Pathways report).

The USGCRP is an interagency program established in 1989 and codified by the Global Change Research Act of 1990 (PL 101-606). The USGCRP comprises representatives of the departments of Agriculture, Commerce (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Institute of Standards and Technology), Defense, Energy, Health and Human Services (the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), Interior, and State, as well as the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the Smithsonian Institution, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Office of Management and Budget, and the intelligence community (NSTC 1997). The USGCRP's research program is described in detail in Our Changing Planet (NSTC 1997, 1999). In brief, the program focuses on four major areas of earth-system science: 1) Seasonal to interannual climate variability; 2) Climate change over decades to centuries; 3) Changes in ozone, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and atmospheric chemistry, and 4) Changes in land cover and in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The fourth topic is the area in which advice was requested from the ecosystems panel.

The Ecosystems Panel's charge has three parts: to provide a forum for the discussion of questions of ecosystem science of interest to scientists in and out of the federal agencies, to periodically review the ecosystem aspects of the USGCRP's research program, and to help identify general areas of ecosystem science that need additional attention, especially areas that cut across ecosystems and levels of ecological organization. In addressing the second item of its charge for this report, the panel first identified the most significant and challenging areas in ecosystem science, then used that identification as a basis to make recommendations to the USGCRP. Thus, this report is not a detailed review of the USGCRP's program, but rather an attempt to identify those areas that the panel concludes are most in need of attention by a general research program on global change. As noted in this report, some of those areas are already receiving attention by the USGCRP.

READ FREE ONLINE

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!