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OCR for page 33
TABLE 1
Numbers of Volunteers Tested by Year of Birth
and Year of Beginning of Follow-up
No. of Men Tested in:a
1955- 1960- 1965- 1970-
Year of birth 1959 1964 1969 1975 Total
Before 1920 35 17 -- -- 52
1920-1924 55 22 2 -- 79
1925-1929 118 78 1 -- 197
1930-1934 417 139 17 -- 573
1935-1939 491 837 77 17 1,422
1940-1944 47 978 805 69 1,899
1945-1949 -- 31 1,191 571 1,793
__
1950-1954
After 1954
18 516 534
1 70 71
Total 1,163 2,102 2,112 1,243 6,620b
Mean year of birth: 1934 1939
Mean age at beginning
of follow-up year: 23.9 23.5 22.4
1945 1950
22.8 23.1
a Follow-up of a volunteer is considered to have begun when his most
recent test was completed. (Some subjects had multiple tests.)
b Excludes 100 volunteers whose years of birth were missing and who
were excluded from mortality analysis.
-33-
OCR for page 34
TABLE 2
Median Years in Which Categories of
Chemicals were Administered
Category
Anticholinesterases
Anticholinergics
Cbolinesterase Deactivators
Sernyl
Irritants
Cannabinoids
[SD derivatives
Approved drugs
Year
1962
1968
1968
1959
1967
1965
1959
1971
Innocuous chemicals and controls 1971
-34-
OCR for page 35
TABLE 3
Probability of Observing Significantly (p ~ 0.05, One Tail)
Increased Risk Among Exposed Subjects, Compared with
NCT Subjects, by True Risk of Outcome in NCT Subjects,
Magnitude of Risk Increase Due to Exposure, and
Number of Exposed Respondents
No. Exposed
Respondents and
Magnitude of Risk
Increase Due to
Exposure
0.005
0.010
Probability of Detecting Increased Risk if
Risk of Outcome Among 1,058 NCT Subjects Is
0.500
.
0.050
0.100
1,000 exposed:
0.001 0.090 0.077 0.062 0.058 0.055
0.010 0.770 0.545 0.258 0.183 0.117
0.100 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.998
500 exposed:
0.001 0.088 0.075 0.060 0.057 0.054
0.010 0.647 0.488 0.211 0.153 0.101
0.100 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.981
100 exposed:
0.001 0.080 0.068 0.056 0.054 0.052
0.010 0.395 0.289 0.130 0.100 0.073
0.100 1.000 0.999 0.953 0.870 0.606
-35-
OCR for page 36
TABLE 4
Probability of Observing Significantly (n < 0.05, One Tail)
Increased Risk Among Exposed Subjects, Compared with
OCT Subjects, by True Risk of Outcome in OCT Subjects,
Magnitude of Risk Increase Due to Exposure, and
Number of Exposed and OCT Respondents
No. Exposed Respondents
and Magnitude of Risk
Increase Due to Exposure
1,000 exposed (2,027 OCT respondents):
0.001
0.010
0.100
500 exposed (2,527 OCT respondents):
0.001
0.010
0.100
100 exposed (2,927 OCT respondents):
0.001
0.010
0.100
-36-
Probability of Detecting
Increased Risk if Risk of
Outcome Among OCT Subjects Is:
0.005 0.010 0.050
0.105 0.086 0.064
0.877 0.718 0.315
1.000 1.000 1.000
0.100 0.081 0.062
0.748 0.585 0.247
1.000 1.000 1.000
0.060
0.216
1.000
0.058
0.173
1.000
0.100 0.500
0.056
0.130
1.000
0.054
0.108
1.000
0.083 0.069 0.056 0.054 0.052
0.428 0.311 0.135 0.103 0.074
1.000 0.997 0.957 0.883 0.626
OCR for page 37
TABLE 5
Attrition of Volunteers Due to Death, Loss to Follow-up, and
Failure to Respond to Questionnaire, by Chemical Group (Totally
Died Alive at Survey Total Located Respondents
Chemical Total Before % of % of TO of % of
Group Tested SurveY No. Total No. Alive No. Alive Located
Anticholin-
esterases 1,581 87 1,494 94.5 1,179 78.9 995 66.6 84.4
Anticholinergics 1,805 55 1,750 97.0 1,467 83.8 1,237 70.7 84.3
Cholinesterase
Deactivators 749 36 713 95.2 596 83.6 495 69.4 83.1
Sernyl 86 6 80 93.0 59 73.8 48 60.0 81.4
Irritants-
vesicants 2,135 70 2,065 96.7 1,642 79.5 1,352 65.5 82.3
Cannabinoids 254 6 248 97.6 191 77.0 161 64.9 84.3
LSD 571 30 541 94.7 379 70.1 317 58.6 83.6
None (NCT) 1,894 123 1,771 93.5 1,353 76.4 1,058 59.7 78.2
Totalb 6,720 325 6,395 95.2 4,996 78.1 4,085 63.9 81.8
a Includes total number of volunteers tested with given chemical group,
regardless of whether they were tested with chemicals from other chemical
groups.
.
Many volunteers were exposed to chemicals in more than one group.
TABLE 6
Attrition of Volunteers Due to Death, Loss to Follow-up, and
Failure to Respond to Questionnaire, by Year of Test Participation
Died Alive at Survey Total Located Respondents
Year of Test Total Before ~ of % of % of % of
Participation Tested Survev No. Total No. Alive No. Alive Located
1955-1959 1,210 118 1,092 90.2 626 57.3 535 49.0 85.5
1960-1964 2,134 116 2,018 94.6 1,635 81.0 1,323 65.6 80.9
1965-1969 2,129 60 2,069 97.2 1,724 83.3 1,399 67.6 81.1
1970-1975 1,247 31 1,216 97.5 1,011 83.1 828 68.1 81.9
Total 6,720 325 6,395 95.2 4,996 78.1 4,085 63.9 81.8
-37-
OCR for page 38
TABLE 7
Number of Requests to Internal Revenue Service
for Address Information and Percent of Living Volunteers
for Whom "No Record of SSN" was Found,
by Chemical Group (Totally
Chemical No. Requests "No Record of SSN
Group Sent to IRS No. %
Anticholinesterases 1,301 37 2.8
Anticholinergics 1,642 36 2.2
Cholinesterase
Deactivators 661 16 2.4
Sernyl 66 3 4.5
Irritants-vesicants 1,872 53 2.8
Cannabinoids 219 8 3.7
LSD 406 18 4.4
None (NCT) 1,584 54 3 4
Totalb 5,682 171 3.0
a Includes total number of volunteers tested with given
chemical group, regardless of whether they were tested
with chemicals from other chemical groups.
b Many volunteers were exposed to chemicals in more than
one group.
TABLE 8
Rate of Response to Questionnaire
Living Volunteers
Response No. TO of Alive % of Located
Total located 4,996 78.1 100.0
Completed 4,085 63.9 81.8
Refused 100 1.6 2.0
No response 811 12.7 16.2
Wrong address 624 9.8 --
No address 775 12.1 --
Total 6,395 100.0 100.0
-38-
OCR for page 39
TABLE 9
Volunteers Who Were Exposed to Anticholinesterases
and Requested Results of Studya
(A Sample of the Computer Tables Used in the
Preliminary Screening of Data)
Volunteers Exposed to Anticholinesterases
Age in 1984,
Years Renuested A ALN A AND TTL A
CNTRL OTHER NOT A TOTAL
Under 35 Yes No. 1 27 28 104 211 315 343
% 100.0 96.4 96.6 86.7 92.1 90.3 90.7
No No. 0 1 1 16 18 34 35
% -- 3.6 3.4 13.3 7.9 9.7 9.3
Total No. 1 28 29 120 229 349 378
% 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
35-39 Yes No. 6 80 86 234 699 933 1,019
% 85.7 84.2 84.3 82.4 85.0 84.4 84.4
No No. 1 15 16 50 123 173 189
% 14.3 15.8 15.7 17.6 15.0 15.6 15.6
Total No. 7 95 102 284 822 1,106 1,208
~0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
40-44 Yes No. 96 275 371 227 438 665 1,036
X0 82.1 87.0 85.7 77.7 84.9 82.3 83.5
No No. 21 41 62 65 78 143 205
% 17.9 13.0 14.3 22.3 15.1 17.7 16.5
Total No. 117 316 433 292 516 808 1,241
% 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
45-49 Yes No. 79 169 248 187 239 426 674
% 81.4 86.7 84.9 80.6 85.1 83.0 83.7
No No. 18 26 44 45 42 87 131
% 18.6 13.3 15.1 19.4 14.9 17.0 16.3
Total No. 97 195 292 232 281 513 805
% 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
50-54 Yes No. 37 31 68 49 106 155 223
% 92.5 83.8 88.3 63.6 84.1 76.4 79.6
No No. 3 6 9 28 20 48 57
% 7.5 16.2 11.7 36.4 15.9 23.6 20.4
Total No. 40 37 77 77 126 203 280
% 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
-39-
OCR for page 40
TABLE 9 (continued)
Age in 1984,
Years Requested A ALN A AND
TTL A CNTRL OTHER NOT A TOTAL
55 and over Yes No. 19 26 45 41 45 86 131
% 67.9 76.5 72.6 77.4 77.6 77.5 75.7
No No. 9 8 17 12 13 25 42
% 32.1 23.5 27.4 22.6 22.4 22.5 24.3
No. 28 34 62 53 58 111 173
Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
TOTAL Yes No. 238 608 846 842 1,738 2,580 3,426
% 82.1 86.2 85.0 79.6 85.5 83.5 83.9
No No. 52 97 149 216 294 510 659
% 17.9 13.8 15.0 20.4 14.5 16.5 16.1
Total No. 290 705 995 1,058 2,032 3,090 4,085
% 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
a A ALN (Alone): Persons who participated in tests of the category of
chemical named in the table heading and no others (in this
example, the anticholinesterases).
A AND: Persons who participated in tests of the category named and
in tests of at least one other category.
TTL A: The sum of A ALN and A AND (i.e., all persons exposed to the
category named).
CNTRL: The no-chemical-test (NCT) comparison group defined earlier.
OTHER: All subjects in chemical tests except those involving the
category named, i.e., the other-chemical-test (OCT) comparison
group.
NOT A: All subjects (including the NOT group) minus volunteers who
participated in tests involving the named category (i.e., the
sum of CNTRL and OTHER).
TOTAL: All respondents (i.e., the sum of TTL A and NOT A).
-40-
OCR for page 41
TABLE 10
Outcome Characteristics Evaluated in This Report
Posttest Army hospital admission
First admissions for:a
Malignant neoplasms (ICD-8, codes 140-239)
Mental disorders (ICD-8, codes 290-315)
Diseases of nervous system and sense organs (ICD-8, codes 320-389)
Postseparation VA hospital admission
First admissions for:a
Malignant neoplasms (ICD-8, codes 140-239)
Mental disorders (ICD-8, codes 290-315)
Diseases of nervous system and sense organs (ICD-8, codes 320-389)
Questionnaire responses:
Self-rating of health
Marital history:
Current marital status
Times married
Present living arrangements
Employment history:
Number of jobs reported
Current~occupation
Liveborn children:
Number of children
Sex of children
Birth defects
Current survival status of children
Health problems due to toxic exposure
Smoking history:
Ever smoked
Current smoking
Use of alcoholic beverages:
Daily use
History of abuse
Use of controlled substances
Medical problems:
Illness, preceding 5 years
Hospitalized, preceding 5 years
Confined to bed, preceding month
Impairments:
Work, chores
Personal care
a ICD-8 = Eighth Revision International Classification
of Diseases.
;
-41-
OCR for page 42
TABLE 11
Admissions to Army Hospitals and Admission Rates
Per 1,000 Person-Years of Observation, by Years Since Testing
(Volunteers Exposed to Only One Chemical Group)
Years Since Testing
Chemical Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+ Total
No. Admissions
Anticholinesterases 46 31 36 37 21 171
Anticholinergics 76 29 37 9 4 155
Cholinesterase
Deactivators 19 2 2 -- -- 23
Sernyl 2 -- 3 -- -- 5
Irritants-vesicants 116 66 51 22 10 265
Cannabinoids 9 -- 1 -- 3 13
LSD 18 14 21 29 15 97
None (NCT) 398 137 129 81 31 776
No. Person-Years of Observation
Anticholinesterases 1, 878 . 0 1, 791. 0 1, 709 .5 1, 560 . 0 1, 110 . 5 8, 049 . O
Anticholinergics 1~767.0 1~442.0 1~298.0 791.5 226.0 5~524.5
Cholinesterase 292.0 237.0 230.0 131.0 85.0 975.0
Deactivators
Sernyl 105.5 96.0 93.0 90.0 88.0 472.5
Irritants-vesicants 2~876.0 2~511.0 2~363.0 1~247.0 737.0 9~734.0
Cannabinoids 133.5 121.0 114.0 85.0 26.0 479.5
LSD 1,034.0 981.0 911.0 802.0 921.0 4,649.0
None (NCT) 6,407.0 5,393.5 4,856.0 3,671.0 1,885.0 22,212.5
Admission Rates Per 1 000 Person-Years
Anticholinesterases 24.5 17.3 21.1 23.7 18.9 21.2
Anticholinergics 43.0 20.1 28.5 11.4 17.7 28.1
Cholinesterase
Deactivators 65.1 8.4 8.7 -- -- 23.6
Sernyl 19.0 -- 32.3 -- -- 10.6
Irritants-vesicants 40.3 26.3 21.6 17.6 13.6 27.2
Cannabinoids 67.4 -- 8.8 -- 115.4 27.1
LSD 17.4 14.3 23.1 36.2 16.3 20.9
None (NCT) 62.1 25.4 26.6 22.1 16.4 34.9
-42-
OCR for page 43
TABLE 12
Admissions to Army Hospitals and Admission Rates
Per 1,000 Person-Years of Observation, by Years Since Testing
(Volunteers Exposed to More than One Chemical Group)
Years Since Testing
Chemical Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+ Total
No. Admissions
Anticholinesterases 109 58 64 45 14 290
Anticholinergics 187 67 55 24 2 335
Cholinesterase
Deactivators 90 54 31 25 7 207
Sernyl 10 1 2 4 1 18
Irritants-vesicants 152 75 51 31 9 318
Cannabinoids 21 14 7 8 1 51
LSD 38 19 27 12 5 101
None (NCT) 398 137 129 81 31 776
No. Person-Years of Observation
Anticholinesterases 3,936.5 3,600.5 3,415.5 2,818.0 1,354.5 15,125.0
Anticholinergics 4,180.5 3,620.0 3,347.5 2,007.0 407.0 13,562.0
Cholinesterase
Deactivators 2,181.0 1,853.0 1,703.0 1,248.0 463.0 7,448.0
Sernyl 262.0 241.5 211.5 221.0 204.0 1,140.0
Irri tants-vesicants 4,312.0 3,904.5 3,647.0 2,180.0 997.0 15,040.5
Cannabinoids 850.0 758.5 745.0 527.0 149.5 3,030.0
LSD 1,195.0 1,105.0 1,061.0 900.0 573.5 4,834.5
None (NCT) 6,407.0 5,393.5 4,856.0 3,671.0 1,885.0 22,212.5
Admission Rates Per 1,000 Person-Years
Anticholinesterases 27.7 16.1 18.7 16.0 10.3 19.2
Anticholinergics 44.7 18.5 16.4 12.0 4.9 24.7
Cholinesterase
Deactivators 41.3 29.1 18.2 20.0 15.1 27.8
Sernyl 38.2 4.1 9.5 18.1 4.9 15.8
Irritants-vesicants 35.3 19.2 14.0 14.2 9.0 21.1
Cannabinoids 24.7 18.5 9.4 15.2 6.7 16.8
LSD 31.8 17.2 25.4 13.3 8.7 20.9
None (NCT) 62.1 25.4 26.6 22.1 16.4 34~9
-43-
OCR for page 52
TABLE 21
Results of Attempt to Interview Nonrespondents,
by Chemical Group (Total)
Results of attempt to interview nonrespondents
No. Non- Interviewed Refused No contacts
Chemical Group respondents No. % No. % No. %
Anticholinesterases 183 135 73.8 5 2.7 43 23.5
Anticholinergics 224 167 74.6 9 4.0 48 21.4
Cholinesterase
Deactivators 105 80 76.2 4 3.8 21 20.0
Sernyl 11 10 90.9 0 -- 1 9.1
Irritants-vesicants 286 203 71.0 15 5.2 68 23.8
Cannabinoids 32 24 75.0 2 6.3 6 18.8
LSD 58 43 74.1 4 6.9 11 19.0
None (NCT) 283 212 74.9 7 2.5 64 22.6
Totalb 891 657 73.7 36 4.0 198 22.2
a Reasons for no contact:
Language barrier 1
Deceased 17
Out of country 23
Unable to contact 83
Unable to locate 74
b Many volunteers were exposed to chemicals in more than one group.
-52-
OCR for page 53
TABLE 22
Response to Receipt of Questionnaire by 643 Interviewed Men
Who Were on Special Assignment to Aberdeen Proving Ground,
by Chemical Group (Total)
Chemical Group No. Interviewed No.
Received Questionnaire
Anticholinesterases 135 117 86.7
Anticholinergics 162 134 82.7
Cholinesterase
deactivators 80 67 83.8
Sernyl 9 5 55.6
Irritants-vesicants 197 172 87.3
Cannabinoids 23 22 95.7
LSD 43 35 81.4
None (NCT) 208 164 78.8
Totala 643b 541 84.1
a Many volunteers were exposed to chemicals in more
than one group.
b Excludes 14 respondents who were never on special
assignment to Aberdeen Proving Ground.
-53-
OCR for page 54
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OCR for page 57
Table 26
Observed and Expected Numbers of Men Exposed to Anticholinergics,
with Adjustment for Age of Comparison Groups,
by Total Numbers of Reported Children
(Includes Sex Not Reported3
No. Subjects
Anticholinergics Anticholinergics Anticholinergics,
No. Liveborn Alone Plus Others Total
Offspring Obs. NCT ExP.a Obs. NCT Exp.a Obs. OCT Exp.b
0 99 74.6 221 184.0 320 254.6
1 51 66.6 151 165.2 202 232.5
2 117 111.3 312 283.0 429 426.5
3-5 83 94.9 191 237.8 274 311.4
6-9 3 5.7 9 14.0 12 12.0
Total 353 353.1 884 884.0 1,237 1,237.0
Mean 1.81 2.01 1.81 2.01 1.81 1.95
Chi-square test summary:
x2c 5 97 4.85 12.22
.
0.05 ~ ~ > 0.01 0.05 ~ ~ > 0.01 0.001 > ~
a Expected numbers derived from age-specific reproduction history of
NCT subjects.
b Expected numbers derived from age-specific reproduction history of
OCT subjects.
c Mantel-Haenszel test of no children vs. one or more children with
stratification on age in 1984.
-57-
OCR for page 58
TABLE 27
Observed and,,,Expected Numbers of Men Exposed to
Anticholiner&,i~cs (Total), with Adjustment for Age
and-,,~,arital Status of OCT Group,
by Total Numbers of Reported Children
(Includes Sex Not Reported)
No. Subjects
No. Liveborn Ratio of Reported
Offspring _ Observed Expected to Expected
0 320 246.3 1.30
1 202 211.9 0.95
2 429 406.4 1.06
3-5 274 349.9 0.78
6-9 12 22.6 0.53
Total
Mean
1,237
2
X1 = 13.20a ~ < 0.001
1.81 2.09
a Mantel-Haenszel test of no children vs. one or more
children with stratification on marital status and age
in 1984.
-58-
OCR for page 59
TABLE 28
Numbers and Sex of Offspring of Men Exposed to
Anticholinergics (Total), by Year~ince Testing,
and Expected Values, Adjusted for Age and Year of Testing
with OCT Group as Reference
Time of No. Males No. Females Total
Birth Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp. Obs. EXP.
Before testing
to 1 year
after testing 138 139.-3 140 133.3 282 276.7
2-4 years
after testing 198 215.0 215 198 .7 416 415.7
5-7 years
after testing 223 237.9 276 265.8 509 505.9
8-10 years
after testing 192 228.2 199 191.5 402 426.2
11+ years
after testing 208 219.3 199 214.6 418 443.5
2 or more years
after testing 821 900.4 889 870.6 1,74S 1,791.3
x2 test summaryb
X2 4.32 0. 0005 0.935
~ 0.05 ~ ~ > 0.01 ~ > 0.1 ~ > 0.1
a Includes children of unknown sex.
b Mantel-Haenszel test with stratification on age (5-year groups) and
calendar year of testing (1955-1961, 1962-1968, 1969-1975~.
—59—
OCR for page 60
TABLE 29
Reported Use of Substances of Abuse
Aluong All 4, 085 Respondents
Used Used 10 or
Never Used 1-9 Times More Times Not Stated
Substance No. % No. % No % No. TO
Amphetamines, other 3,073 75.2 386 9.4 340 8.3 286 7.0
stimulants
Barbiturates, other 3,327 81.4 267 6.5 160 3.9 331 8.1
depressants
Cocaine 3,378 82.7 232 5.7 168 4.1 307 7.5
Heroin 3,661 89.6 47 1.2 45 1.1 332 8.1
LSD 3,299 80.8 372 9.1 106 2.6 308 7.5
Marijuana 2,351 57.6 743 18.2 763 18.7 228 5.6
Phencyclidine 3,629 88.8 88 2.2 24 0.6 344 8.4
Other narcotics, 2,432 59.5 956 23.4 433 10.6 264 6.5
opiates
Tranquilizers 2,665 65.2 699 11.1 471 11.5 250 6.1
-60-
OCR for page 61
TABLE 30
Reported and Age-Adjusted Expected Use of LSD
by Volunteers Tested with LSD
No. Subjects in Test Category
LSD and
Reported Times LSD Alone Other Chemicals Total LSD
LSD Used Obs. ExP.a Obs. Exp.a Obs. Exu.b
0 36 85.9 103 195.0 139 278.4
1-9 49 1.6 92 4.5 141 10.2
Less than 10 (sum) 85 87.5 195 199.5 280 288.6
10-99 4 0.2 4 1.0 8 2.2
100-999 0 0.O 0 0 O 0 0 O
1,000 or more O 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0
10 or more (sum) 4 0.2 5 1.0 9 2.2
Unknown 9 10.3 19 18.5 28 26.2
Total
98 98.0 219 219.0 317 317.0
Mantel-Haenszel x2 test summery: C
x2 6.10 4.07 5.97
~ 0.02 > ~ > 0.01 0.05 ? ~ > 0.02 0.02 > ~ > 0.01
a Derived from age-specific reported use of LSD by subjects
exposed to no chemicals.
3 Derived from age-specific reported use of LSD by subjects
exposed to chemicals except LSD.
c Reported use: less than 10 times vs. 10 or more times
(excluding use not reported).
-61-
OCR for page 62
Representative terms from entire chapter:
anticholinergics anticholinergics anticholinergics
