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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 50
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 51
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 54
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 55
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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Page 56
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 57
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 58
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 59
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 60
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
×
Page 61
Suggested Citation:"Tables." National Research Council. 1985. Possible Long-Term Health Effects of Short-Term Exposure To Chemical Agents, Volume 3: Final Report: Current Health Status of Test Subjects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9984.
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TABLE 1 Numbers of Volunteers Tested by Year of Birth and Year of Beginning of Follow-up No. of Men Tested in:a 1955- 1960- 1965- 1970- Year of birth 1959 1964 1969 1975 Total Before 1920 35 17 -- -- 52 1920-1924 55 22 2 -- 79 1925-1929 118 78 1 -- 197 1930-1934 417 139 17 -- 573 1935-1939 491 837 77 17 1,422 1940-1944 47 978 805 69 1,899 1945-1949 -- 31 1,191 571 1,793 __ 1950-1954 After 1954 18 516 534 1 70 71 Total 1,163 2,102 2,112 1,243 6,620b Mean year of birth: 1934 1939 Mean age at beginning of follow-up year: 23.9 23.5 22.4 1945 1950 22.8 23.1 a Follow-up of a volunteer is considered to have begun when his most recent test was completed. (Some subjects had multiple tests.) b Excludes 100 volunteers whose years of birth were missing and who were excluded from mortality analysis. -33-

TABLE 2 Median Years in Which Categories of Chemicals were Administered Category Anticholinesterases Anticholinergics Cbolinesterase Deactivators Sernyl Irritants Cannabinoids [SD derivatives Approved drugs Year 1962 1968 1968 1959 1967 1965 1959 1971 Innocuous chemicals and controls 1971 -34-

TABLE 3 Probability of Observing Significantly (p ~ 0.05, One Tail) Increased Risk Among Exposed Subjects, Compared with NCT Subjects, by True Risk of Outcome in NCT Subjects, Magnitude of Risk Increase Due to Exposure, and Number of Exposed Respondents No. Exposed Respondents and Magnitude of Risk Increase Due to Exposure 0.005 0.010 Probability of Detecting Increased Risk if Risk of Outcome Among 1,058 NCT Subjects Is 0.500 . 0.050 0.100 1,000 exposed: 0.001 0.090 0.077 0.062 0.058 0.055 0.010 0.770 0.545 0.258 0.183 0.117 0.100 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.998 500 exposed: 0.001 0.088 0.075 0.060 0.057 0.054 0.010 0.647 0.488 0.211 0.153 0.101 0.100 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.981 100 exposed: 0.001 0.080 0.068 0.056 0.054 0.052 0.010 0.395 0.289 0.130 0.100 0.073 0.100 1.000 0.999 0.953 0.870 0.606 -35-

TABLE 4 Probability of Observing Significantly (n < 0.05, One Tail) Increased Risk Among Exposed Subjects, Compared with OCT Subjects, by True Risk of Outcome in OCT Subjects, Magnitude of Risk Increase Due to Exposure, and Number of Exposed and OCT Respondents No. Exposed Respondents and Magnitude of Risk Increase Due to Exposure 1,000 exposed (2,027 OCT respondents): 0.001 0.010 0.100 500 exposed (2,527 OCT respondents): 0.001 0.010 0.100 100 exposed (2,927 OCT respondents): 0.001 0.010 0.100 -36- Probability of Detecting Increased Risk if Risk of Outcome Among OCT Subjects Is: 0.005 0.010 0.050 0.105 0.086 0.064 0.877 0.718 0.315 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.100 0.081 0.062 0.748 0.585 0.247 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.060 0.216 1.000 0.058 0.173 1.000 0.100 0.500 0.056 0.130 1.000 0.054 0.108 1.000 0.083 0.069 0.056 0.054 0.052 0.428 0.311 0.135 0.103 0.074 1.000 0.997 0.957 0.883 0.626

TABLE 5 Attrition of Volunteers Due to Death, Loss to Follow-up, and Failure to Respond to Questionnaire, by Chemical Group (Totally Died Alive at Survey Total Located Respondents Chemical Total Before % of % of TO of % of Group Tested SurveY No. Total No. Alive No. Alive Located Anticholin- esterases 1,581 87 1,494 94.5 1,179 78.9 995 66.6 84.4 Anticholinergics 1,805 55 1,750 97.0 1,467 83.8 1,237 70.7 84.3 Cholinesterase Deactivators 749 36 713 95.2 596 83.6 495 69.4 83.1 Sernyl 86 6 80 93.0 59 73.8 48 60.0 81.4 Irritants- vesicants 2,135 70 2,065 96.7 1,642 79.5 1,352 65.5 82.3 Cannabinoids 254 6 248 97.6 191 77.0 161 64.9 84.3 LSD 571 30 541 94.7 379 70.1 317 58.6 83.6 None (NCT) 1,894 123 1,771 93.5 1,353 76.4 1,058 59.7 78.2 Totalb 6,720 325 6,395 95.2 4,996 78.1 4,085 63.9 81.8 a Includes total number of volunteers tested with given chemical group, regardless of whether they were tested with chemicals from other chemical groups. . Many volunteers were exposed to chemicals in more than one group. TABLE 6 Attrition of Volunteers Due to Death, Loss to Follow-up, and Failure to Respond to Questionnaire, by Year of Test Participation Died Alive at Survey Total Located Respondents Year of Test Total Before ~ of % of % of % of Participation Tested Survev No. Total No. Alive No. Alive Located 1955-1959 1,210 118 1,092 90.2 626 57.3 535 49.0 85.5 1960-1964 2,134 116 2,018 94.6 1,635 81.0 1,323 65.6 80.9 1965-1969 2,129 60 2,069 97.2 1,724 83.3 1,399 67.6 81.1 1970-1975 1,247 31 1,216 97.5 1,011 83.1 828 68.1 81.9 Total 6,720 325 6,395 95.2 4,996 78.1 4,085 63.9 81.8 -37-

TABLE 7 Number of Requests to Internal Revenue Service for Address Information and Percent of Living Volunteers for Whom "No Record of SSN" was Found, by Chemical Group (Totally Chemical No. Requests "No Record of SSN Group Sent to IRS No. % Anticholinesterases 1,301 37 2.8 Anticholinergics 1,642 36 2.2 Cholinesterase Deactivators 661 16 2.4 Sernyl 66 3 4.5 Irritants-vesicants 1,872 53 2.8 Cannabinoids 219 8 3.7 LSD 406 18 4.4 None (NCT) 1,584 54 3 4 Totalb 5,682 171 3.0 a Includes total number of volunteers tested with given chemical group, regardless of whether they were tested with chemicals from other chemical groups. b Many volunteers were exposed to chemicals in more than one group. TABLE 8 Rate of Response to Questionnaire Living Volunteers Response No. TO of Alive % of Located Total located 4,996 78.1 100.0 Completed 4,085 63.9 81.8 Refused 100 1.6 2.0 No response 811 12.7 16.2 Wrong address 624 9.8 -- No address 775 12.1 -- Total 6,395 100.0 100.0 -38-

TABLE 9 Volunteers Who Were Exposed to Anticholinesterases and Requested Results of Studya (A Sample of the Computer Tables Used in the Preliminary Screening of Data) Volunteers Exposed to Anticholinesterases Age in 1984, Years Renuested A ALN A AND TTL A CNTRL OTHER NOT A TOTAL Under 35 Yes No. 1 27 28 104 211 315 343 % 100.0 96.4 96.6 86.7 92.1 90.3 90.7 No No. 0 1 1 16 18 34 35 % -- 3.6 3.4 13.3 7.9 9.7 9.3 Total No. 1 28 29 120 229 349 378 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 35-39 Yes No. 6 80 86 234 699 933 1,019 % 85.7 84.2 84.3 82.4 85.0 84.4 84.4 No No. 1 15 16 50 123 173 189 % 14.3 15.8 15.7 17.6 15.0 15.6 15.6 Total No. 7 95 102 284 822 1,106 1,208 ~0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 40-44 Yes No. 96 275 371 227 438 665 1,036 X0 82.1 87.0 85.7 77.7 84.9 82.3 83.5 No No. 21 41 62 65 78 143 205 % 17.9 13.0 14.3 22.3 15.1 17.7 16.5 Total No. 117 316 433 292 516 808 1,241 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 45-49 Yes No. 79 169 248 187 239 426 674 % 81.4 86.7 84.9 80.6 85.1 83.0 83.7 No No. 18 26 44 45 42 87 131 % 18.6 13.3 15.1 19.4 14.9 17.0 16.3 Total No. 97 195 292 232 281 513 805 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 50-54 Yes No. 37 31 68 49 106 155 223 % 92.5 83.8 88.3 63.6 84.1 76.4 79.6 No No. 3 6 9 28 20 48 57 % 7.5 16.2 11.7 36.4 15.9 23.6 20.4 Total No. 40 37 77 77 126 203 280 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -39-

TABLE 9 (continued) Age in 1984, Years Requested A ALN A AND TTL A CNTRL OTHER NOT A TOTAL 55 and over Yes No. 19 26 45 41 45 86 131 % 67.9 76.5 72.6 77.4 77.6 77.5 75.7 No No. 9 8 17 12 13 25 42 % 32.1 23.5 27.4 22.6 22.4 22.5 24.3 No. 28 34 62 53 58 111 173 Total % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 TOTAL Yes No. 238 608 846 842 1,738 2,580 3,426 % 82.1 86.2 85.0 79.6 85.5 83.5 83.9 No No. 52 97 149 216 294 510 659 % 17.9 13.8 15.0 20.4 14.5 16.5 16.1 Total No. 290 705 995 1,058 2,032 3,090 4,085 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 a A ALN (Alone): Persons who participated in tests of the category of chemical named in the table heading and no others (in this example, the anticholinesterases). A AND: Persons who participated in tests of the category named and in tests of at least one other category. TTL A: The sum of A ALN and A AND (i.e., all persons exposed to the category named). CNTRL: The no-chemical-test (NCT) comparison group defined earlier. OTHER: All subjects in chemical tests except those involving the category named, i.e., the other-chemical-test (OCT) comparison group. NOT A: All subjects (including the NOT group) minus volunteers who participated in tests involving the named category (i.e., the sum of CNTRL and OTHER). TOTAL: All respondents (i.e., the sum of TTL A and NOT A). -40-

TABLE 10 Outcome Characteristics Evaluated in This Report Posttest Army hospital admission First admissions for:a Malignant neoplasms (ICD-8, codes 140-239) Mental disorders (ICD-8, codes 290-315) Diseases of nervous system and sense organs (ICD-8, codes 320-389) Postseparation VA hospital admission First admissions for:a Malignant neoplasms (ICD-8, codes 140-239) Mental disorders (ICD-8, codes 290-315) Diseases of nervous system and sense organs (ICD-8, codes 320-389) Questionnaire responses: Self-rating of health Marital history: Current marital status Times married Present living arrangements Employment history: Number of jobs reported Current~occupation Liveborn children: Number of children Sex of children Birth defects Current survival status of children Health problems due to toxic exposure Smoking history: Ever smoked Current smoking Use of alcoholic beverages: Daily use History of abuse Use of controlled substances Medical problems: Illness, preceding 5 years Hospitalized, preceding 5 years Confined to bed, preceding month Impairments: Work, chores Personal care a ICD-8 = Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases. ; -41-

TABLE 11 Admissions to Army Hospitals and Admission Rates Per 1,000 Person-Years of Observation, by Years Since Testing (Volunteers Exposed to Only One Chemical Group) Years Since Testing Chemical Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+ Total No. Admissions Anticholinesterases 46 31 36 37 21 171 Anticholinergics 76 29 37 9 4 155 Cholinesterase Deactivators 19 2 2 -- -- 23 Sernyl 2 -- 3 -- -- 5 Irritants-vesicants 116 66 51 22 10 265 Cannabinoids 9 -- 1 -- 3 13 LSD 18 14 21 29 15 97 None (NCT) 398 137 129 81 31 776 No. Person-Years of Observation Anticholinesterases 1, 878 . 0 1, 791. 0 1, 709 .5 1, 560 . 0 1, 110 . 5 8, 049 . O Anticholinergics 1~767.0 1~442.0 1~298.0 791.5 226.0 5~524.5 Cholinesterase 292.0 237.0 230.0 131.0 85.0 975.0 Deactivators Sernyl 105.5 96.0 93.0 90.0 88.0 472.5 Irritants-vesicants 2~876.0 2~511.0 2~363.0 1~247.0 737.0 9~734.0 Cannabinoids 133.5 121.0 114.0 85.0 26.0 479.5 LSD 1,034.0 981.0 911.0 802.0 921.0 4,649.0 None (NCT) 6,407.0 5,393.5 4,856.0 3,671.0 1,885.0 22,212.5 Admission Rates Per 1 000 Person-Years Anticholinesterases 24.5 17.3 21.1 23.7 18.9 21.2 Anticholinergics 43.0 20.1 28.5 11.4 17.7 28.1 Cholinesterase Deactivators 65.1 8.4 8.7 -- -- 23.6 Sernyl 19.0 -- 32.3 -- -- 10.6 Irritants-vesicants 40.3 26.3 21.6 17.6 13.6 27.2 Cannabinoids 67.4 -- 8.8 -- 115.4 27.1 LSD 17.4 14.3 23.1 36.2 16.3 20.9 None (NCT) 62.1 25.4 26.6 22.1 16.4 34.9 -42-

TABLE 12 Admissions to Army Hospitals and Admission Rates Per 1,000 Person-Years of Observation, by Years Since Testing (Volunteers Exposed to More than One Chemical Group) Years Since Testing Chemical Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+ Total No. Admissions Anticholinesterases 109 58 64 45 14 290 Anticholinergics 187 67 55 24 2 335 Cholinesterase Deactivators 90 54 31 25 7 207 Sernyl 10 1 2 4 1 18 Irritants-vesicants 152 75 51 31 9 318 Cannabinoids 21 14 7 8 1 51 LSD 38 19 27 12 5 101 None (NCT) 398 137 129 81 31 776 No. Person-Years of Observation Anticholinesterases 3,936.5 3,600.5 3,415.5 2,818.0 1,354.5 15,125.0 Anticholinergics 4,180.5 3,620.0 3,347.5 2,007.0 407.0 13,562.0 Cholinesterase Deactivators 2,181.0 1,853.0 1,703.0 1,248.0 463.0 7,448.0 Sernyl 262.0 241.5 211.5 221.0 204.0 1,140.0 Irri tants-vesicants 4,312.0 3,904.5 3,647.0 2,180.0 997.0 15,040.5 Cannabinoids 850.0 758.5 745.0 527.0 149.5 3,030.0 LSD 1,195.0 1,105.0 1,061.0 900.0 573.5 4,834.5 None (NCT) 6,407.0 5,393.5 4,856.0 3,671.0 1,885.0 22,212.5 Admission Rates Per 1,000 Person-Years Anticholinesterases 27.7 16.1 18.7 16.0 10.3 19.2 Anticholinergics 44.7 18.5 16.4 12.0 4.9 24.7 Cholinesterase Deactivators 41.3 29.1 18.2 20.0 15.1 27.8 Sernyl 38.2 4.1 9.5 18.1 4.9 15.8 Irritants-vesicants 35.3 19.2 14.0 14.2 9.0 21.1 Cannabinoids 24.7 18.5 9.4 15.2 6.7 16.8 LSD 31.8 17.2 25.4 13.3 8.7 20.9 None (NCT) 62.1 25.4 26.6 22.1 16.4 34~9 -43-

TABLE 13 Volunteers Admitted to Army Hospitals and Percent of Volunteers Still in Service Who Were Hospitalized, by Years Since Testing (Volunteers Exposed to Only One Chemical Group) Years Since Testing Chemical Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ No. Volunteers with Any Admissions Anticholinesterases 32 22 20 21 10 1 Anticholinergics 58 18 19 7 3 -- Cholinesterase Deactivators 13 2 2 -- -- -- Sernyl 2 -- 2 -- -- -- Irritants-vesicants 75 28 27 12 7 -- Cannabinoids 4 -- 1 -- 3 -- LSD 17 9 11 13 8 1 None (NCT) 251 85 68 43 13 1 No. Volunteers Still in Service (Mean) Anticholinesterases 376 358 342 312 184 50 Anticholinergics 353 288 260 158 44 2 Cholinesterase reactivators 58 47 46 26 16 8 Sernyl 21 19 19 18 17 4 Irritants-vesicants 575 502 473 249 120 34 Cannabinoids 27 24 23 17 5 4 LSD 207 196 182 160 145 72 None (NCT) 1,281 1,079 971 734 333 44 Percent of Volunteers Hospitalized Anticholinesterases 8.5 6.1 5.8 6.7 5.4 2.0 Anticholinergics 16.4 6.3 7.3 4.4 6.8 -- Cholinesterase Deactivators 22.4 4.3 4.3 -- -- -- Sernyl 9.5 -- 10.5 -- -- -- Irritants-vesicants 13.0 5.6 5.7 4.8 5.8 -- Cannabinoids 14.8 -- 4.3 -- 60.0 -- LSD 8.2 4.6 6.0 8.1 5.5 1.4 None (NCT) 19.6 7.9 7.0 5 9 3 9 2.3 -44-

TABLE 14 Volunteers Admitted to Army Hospitals and Percent of Volunteers Still in Service Who Were Hospitalized, by Years Since Testing (Volunteers Exposed to More than One Chemical Group) Years Since Testing Chemical Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ No. Volunteers with Any Admissions Anticholinesterases 79 38 36 24 8 Anticholinergics 121 45 37 11 2 -- Cholinesterase Deactivators 67 29 20 11 3 -- Sernyl 5 1 2 3 1 -- Irritants-vesicants 100 48 34 17 6 2 Cannabinoids 11 7 4 3 1 -- LSD 23 13 19 10 5 None (NCT) 251 85 68 43 13 No. Volunteers Still in Service (Mean) Anticholinesterases 787 720 683 564 240 39 Anticholinergics 836 724 670 401 73 10 Cholinesterase Deactivators 436 371 341 250 92 3 Sernyl 52 48 45 44 40 4 Irritants-vesicants 862 781 729 436 160 50 Cannabinoids 170 152 149 105 27 9 LSD 239 221 212 180 104 20 None (NCT) 1,281 1,079 971 734 333 44 Percent of Volunteers Hospitalized Anticholinesterases 10.0 5.3 5.3 4.3 3.3 2.6 Anticholinergics 14.5 6.2 5.5 2.7 2.7 -- Cholinesterase Deactivators 15.4 7.8 5.9 4.4 3.3 -- Sernyl 9.6 2.1 4.4 6.8 2.5 -- Irritants-vesicants 11.6 6.1 4.7 3.9 3.8 4.0 Cannabinoids 6.5 4.6 2.7 2.9 3.7 -- LSD 9.6 5.9 9.0 5.6 4.8 -- None (NCT) 19.6 7.9 7.0 5.9 3.9 2.3 -45- ,.

TABLE 15 Admissions to VA Hospitals and Admission Rates Per 1,000 Person-Years of Observation, by Years Since Separation from Service (Volunteers Exposed to Only One Chemical Group) Years Since Separation Chemical Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-29 Total No. Admissions Anticholinesterases 13 8 13 17 8 59 Anticholinergics 43 14 11 1 -- 69 Cholinesterase Deactivators -- ~ Sernyl -- -- 1 -- -- 1 Irritants-vesicants 40 39 32 12 3 126 Cannabinoids 3 1 -- -- -- 4 LSD 2 16 9 12 10 49 None (NCT) 114 126 140 123 48 551 No. Person-Years of Observation Anticholinesterases 1,319.5 1,473.5 1,366.0 1,153.0 482.5 5,894.5 Anticholinergics 1,927.0 1,834.5 1,358.5 622.5 150.5 5,893.0 Cholinesterase Deactivators 313.0 323.5 253.0 101.5 42.5 1,033.5 Sernyl 51.0 75.0 72.0 66.0 48.0 312.0 Irritants-vesicants 3,047.5 3,071.0 2,517.0 809.0 283.0 9,727.5 Cannabinoids 103.0 102.0 90.5 57.0 5.0 357.5 LSD 501.0 707.0 603.0 467.0 409.0 2,687.0 None (NCT) 5,838.0 5,881.5 4,606.0 2,628.0 1,117.0 20,070.5 Admission Rates _ _,000 Person-Years Anticholinesterases 9.9 5.4 9.5 14.7 16.6 10.0 Anticholinergics 22.3 7.6 8.1 1.6 -- 11.7 Cholinesterase Deactivators -- -- -- -- -- -- Sernyl -- -- 13.9 -- -- 3.2 Irritants-vesicants 13.1 12.7 12.7 14.8 10.6 13.0 Cannabinoids 29.1 9.8 -- -- -- 11.2 LSD 4.0 22 e 6 19.9 25.7 24.4 18.2 None (NOT) 19.5 21.4 30.4 46.8 43.0 27.5 -46-

TABLE 16 Admissions to VA Hospitals and Admission Rates Per 1,000 Person-Years of Observation, by Years Since Separation from Service (Volunteers Exposed to More Than One Chemical Group) Years Since Separation Chemical Group 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+ Total No. Admissions Anticholinesterases 37 31 36 22 7 133 Anticholinergics 55 40 28 6 5 134 Cholinesterase Deactivators 12 17 16 13 6 64 Sernyl 2 15 15 5 1 38 Irritants-vesicants 64 59 27 19 18 187 Cannabinoids 2 6 6 1 -- 15 LSD 14 14 12 6 15 61 None (NOT) 114 126 140 123 48 551 No. Person-Years of Observation Anticholinesterases 3,457.0 3,577.5 3,243.0 2,347.5 1,261.0 13,886.0 Anticholinergics 4,548.5 4,369.0 3,473.0 1,596.0 245.0 14,231.5 Cholinesterase Deactivators 2,288.0 2,211.5 1,720.5 1,086.0 290.0 7,596.0 Sernyl 119.0 162.0 159.0 133.0 94.0 667.0 Irritants-vesicants 4,137.0 4,147.0 3,316.0 1,531.0 490.5 13,621.5 Cannabinoids 739.0 749.0 713.5 384.5 42.5 2,628.5 LSD 869.0 974.0 880.5 702.0 282.0 3,707.5 None (NCT) 5,838.0 5,881.5 4,606.0 2,628.0 1,117.0 20,070.5 Admission Rates Per 1,000 Person-Years Anticholinesterases 10.7 8.7 11.1 9.4 5.6 9.6 Anticholinergics 12.1 9.2 8.1 3.8 20.4 9.4 Cholinesterase Deactivators 5.2 7.7 9.3 12.0 20.7 8.4 Sernyl 16.8 92.6 94.3 37.6 10.6 57.0 Irritants-vesicants 15.5 14.2 8.1 12.4 36.7 13.7 Cannabinoids 2.7 8.0 8.4 2.6 -- 5.7 LSD 16.1 14.4 13.6 8.5 53.2 16.5 None (NOT) 19.5 21.4 30.4 46.8 43.0 27.5 -47-

TABLE 17 Observed and Expected First Admissions for Malignant Neoplasms at Army and VA Hospitals After Time of Testing (ICD-8, Codes 140-209) (All Volunteers) No. First Admissions to No. First Admissions to Army Hospitals VA Hospitals Chemical Group _ OCT ExP.a Obs. NCT ExP.b OCT Ex~.a Obs. NCT ExP.b Anticholinesterases 1.0 2 2.5 1.0 4 0.0 Other chemical tests -- 2 5.1 -- 2 0.0 Anticholinergics 2.4 0 2.9 1.8 3 0.0 Other chemical tests -- 4 4.8 -- 3 0.0 Cholinesterase Deactivators 0.7 0 1.2 0.7 - 2 0.0 Other chemical tests -- 4 6.5 -- 4 0.0 Sernyl 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0 0.0 Other chemical tests -- 4 7.5 -- 6 0.0 Irritants-vesicants 1.6 2 3.4 3.2 2 0.0 Other chemical tests -- 2 4.3 -- 4 0.0 Cannabinoids 0.2 0 0.4 0.3 0 0.0 Other chemical tests -- 4 7.2 -- 6 0.0 LSD 0.4 1 0.9 0.7 1 0.0 Other chemical tests -- 3 6.7 -- 5 0.0 None (NCT) -- 3 3.0 -- O 0.0 Total volunteers -- 7 10.6 -- 6 0.0 a Based on all other chemical tests: number of volunteers tested with this chemical group times proportion of volunteers with first admissions among those tested with any group except this one (OCT). b Based on no-chemical-test group experience: number of volunteers tested with this chemical group times proportion of volunteers with first admissions among those not tested with any chemical group (NCT). -48-

TABLE 18 Observed and Expected First Admissions for Mental Disorders at Army and VA Hospitals After Time of Testing (ICD-8, Codes 290-315) (All Volunteers) Chemical Group No. First Admissions to No. First Admissions to Army Hospitals VA Hospitals OCT Exu.a Obs. NCT Exu.b. OCT Exp.a Obs. NCT Exn.b Anticholinesterases 9.7 14 18.4 24.4 20 32.6 Other chemical tests -- 20 37.7 -- 50 66.8 Anticholinergics 11.4 15 21.0 29.3 21 37.2 Other chemical tests -- 19 35.1 -- 49 62.2 Cholinesterase Deactivators 5.0 7 8.7 11.0 10 15.4 Other chemical tests -- 27 47.4 -- 60 84.0 Sernyl 0.6 2 1.0 1.2 2 1.8 Other chemical tests -- 32 55.1 -- 68 97.6 Irritants-vesicants 18.2 11 24.8 31.7 30 44.0 Other chemical tests -- 23 31.3 -- 40 55.4 Cannabinoids 1.9 0 3.0 3.8 2 5.2 Other chemical tests -- 34 53.1 -- 68 94.1 LSD 4.0 4 6.6 8.5 7 11.8 Other chemical tests -- 30 49.4 -- 63 87.6 None (NCT) -- 22 22.0 -- 39 39~0 Total volunteers -- 56 78.1 -- 109 138.4 a Based on all other chemical tests: number of volunteers tested with this chemical group times proportion of volunteers with first admissions among those tested with any group except this one (OCT). b Based on no-chemical-test group experience: number of volunteers tested with this chemical group times proportion of volunteers with first admissions among those not tested with any chemical group (NCT). -49-

TABLE 19 Observed and Expected First Admissions for Diseases of Nervous System and Sense Organs at Army and VA Hospitals After Time of Testing (ICD-8, Codes 320-389) (All Volunteers) Chemical Group No. First Admissions to No. First Admissions to ArmY Hospitals VA Hospitals OCT ExP.a Obs. NCT Exp.b OCT Exp.a Obs. ACT Exp.b Anticholinesterases 11.7 11 6.7 4.9 3 2.5 Other chemical tests -- 24 13.7 -- 10 5.1 Anticholinergics 16.7 7 7.6 3.6 7 2.9 Other chemical tests -- 28 12.8 -- 6 4.8 Cholinesterase Deactivators 5.5 5 3.2 1.8 3 1.2 Other chemical tests -- 30 17.2 -- 10 6.5 Sernyl 0.6 0 0.4 0.2 0 0.1 Other chemical tests -- 35 20.0 -- 13 7.5 Irritants-vesicants 19.0 11 9.0 7.1 4 3.4 Other chemical tests -- 24 11.4 -- 9 4.3 Cannabinoids 1.8 2 1.1 0.7 1 0.4 Other chemical tests -- 33 19.3 -- 12 7.2 LSD 3.8 7 2.4 1.2 4 0.9 Other chemical tests -- 28 18.0 -- 9 6.7 None (NCT) 8 8.0 3 3.0 Total volunteers -- 43 28.4 -- 16 10.6 a Based on all other chemical tests: number of volunteers tested with this chemical group times proportion of volunteers with first admissions among those tested with any group except this one (OCT). b Based on no-chemical-test group experience: number of volunteers tested with this chemical group times proportion of volunteers with first admissions among those not tested with any chemical group (NCT). -50-

TABLE 20 Numbers and Percent of Living Volunteers Still in Service Admitted to Army Hospitals, by Years Since Testing and Response i Responded to No. Years Questionnaire Unable to located Since Testing Yes NOa No. % of Living No. Still in Service (Mean)C 0-4 2,811 642 1,122 24.5 5-9 2,436 549 1,021 25.5 10-14 2,241 511 953 25.7 15-19 1,512 350 822 30.6 20-24 598 128 520 41.7 No. Hospitalized 0-4 388 90 186 28.0 5-9 184 28 46 17.8 10-14 157 30 34 15.4 15-19 91 19 21 16.0 20-24 45 6 6 10.5 % Hospitalized Among Those in Service 0-4 13.8 14.0 16.6 5-9 7.6 5.1 4.5 10-14 7.0 5.9 3.6 15-19 6.0 5.4 2.6 20-24 7.5 4.7 1.2 a Includes refusals and mailings without Post Office notification of incorrect address. b Includes mailings returned by Post Office with notification of incorrect address. Number of men still in service was counted for each year after testing; mean annual number of men estimated for each 5-year posttest interval. —51—

TABLE 21 Results of Attempt to Interview Nonrespondents, by Chemical Group (Total) Results of attempt to interview nonrespondents No. Non- Interviewed Refused No contacts Chemical Group respondents No. % No. % No. % Anticholinesterases 183 135 73.8 5 2.7 43 23.5 Anticholinergics 224 167 74.6 9 4.0 48 21.4 Cholinesterase Deactivators 105 80 76.2 4 3.8 21 20.0 Sernyl 11 10 90.9 0 -- 1 9.1 Irritants-vesicants 286 203 71.0 15 5.2 68 23.8 Cannabinoids 32 24 75.0 2 6.3 6 18.8 LSD 58 43 74.1 4 6.9 11 19.0 None (NCT) 283 212 74.9 7 2.5 64 22.6 Totalb 891 657 73.7 36 4.0 198 22.2 a Reasons for no contact: Language barrier 1 Deceased 17 Out of country 23 Unable to contact 83 Unable to locate 74 b Many volunteers were exposed to chemicals in more than one group. -52-

TABLE 22 Response to Receipt of Questionnaire by 643 Interviewed Men Who Were on Special Assignment to Aberdeen Proving Ground, by Chemical Group (Total) Chemical Group No. Interviewed No. Received Questionnaire Anticholinesterases 135 117 86.7 Anticholinergics 162 134 82.7 Cholinesterase deactivators 80 67 83.8 Sernyl 9 5 55.6 Irritants-vesicants 197 172 87.3 Cannabinoids 23 22 95.7 LSD 43 35 81.4 None (NCT) 208 164 78.8 Totala 643b 541 84.1 a Many volunteers were exposed to chemicals in more than one group. b Excludes 14 respondents who were never on special assignment to Aberdeen Proving Ground. -53-

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Table 26 Observed and Expected Numbers of Men Exposed to Anticholinergics, with Adjustment for Age of Comparison Groups, by Total Numbers of Reported Children (Includes Sex Not Reported3 No. Subjects Anticholinergics Anticholinergics Anticholinergics, No. Liveborn Alone Plus Others Total Offspring Obs. NCT ExP.a Obs. NCT Exp.a Obs. OCT Exp.b 0 99 74.6 221 184.0 320 254.6 1 51 66.6 151 165.2 202 232.5 2 117 111.3 312 283.0 429 426.5 3-5 83 94.9 191 237.8 274 311.4 6-9 3 5.7 9 14.0 12 12.0 Total 353 353.1 884 884.0 1,237 1,237.0 Mean 1.81 2.01 1.81 2.01 1.81 1.95 Chi-square test summary: x2c 5 97 4.85 12.22 . 0.05 ~ ~ > 0.01 0.05 ~ ~ > 0.01 0.001 > ~ a Expected numbers derived from age-specific reproduction history of NCT subjects. b Expected numbers derived from age-specific reproduction history of OCT subjects. c Mantel-Haenszel test of no children vs. one or more children with stratification on age in 1984. -57-

TABLE 27 Observed and,,,Expected Numbers of Men Exposed to Anticholiner&,i~cs (Total), with Adjustment for Age and-,,~,arital Status of OCT Group, by Total Numbers of Reported Children (Includes Sex Not Reported) No. Subjects No. Liveborn Ratio of Reported Offspring _ Observed Expected to Expected 0 320 246.3 1.30 1 202 211.9 0.95 2 429 406.4 1.06 3-5 274 349.9 0.78 6-9 12 22.6 0.53 Total Mean 1,237 2 X1 = 13.20a ~ < 0.001 1.81 2.09 a Mantel-Haenszel test of no children vs. one or more children with stratification on marital status and age in 1984. -58-

TABLE 28 Numbers and Sex of Offspring of Men Exposed to Anticholinergics (Total), by Year~ince Testing, and Expected Values, Adjusted for Age and Year of Testing with OCT Group as Reference Time of No. Males No. Females Total Birth Obs. Exp. Obs. Exp. Obs. EXP. Before testing to 1 year after testing 138 139.-3 140 133.3 282 276.7 2-4 years after testing 198 215.0 215 198 .7 416 415.7 5-7 years after testing 223 237.9 276 265.8 509 505.9 8-10 years after testing 192 228.2 199 191.5 402 426.2 11+ years after testing 208 219.3 199 214.6 418 443.5 2 or more years after testing 821 900.4 889 870.6 1,74S 1,791.3 x2 test summaryb X2 4.32 0. 0005 0.935 ~ 0.05 ~ ~ > 0.01 ~ > 0.1 ~ > 0.1 a Includes children of unknown sex. b Mantel-Haenszel test with stratification on age (5-year groups) and calendar year of testing (1955-1961, 1962-1968, 1969-1975~. —59—

TABLE 29 Reported Use of Substances of Abuse Aluong All 4, 085 Respondents Used Used 10 or Never Used 1-9 Times More Times Not Stated Substance No. % No. % No % No. TO Amphetamines, other 3,073 75.2 386 9.4 340 8.3 286 7.0 stimulants Barbiturates, other 3,327 81.4 267 6.5 160 3.9 331 8.1 depressants Cocaine 3,378 82.7 232 5.7 168 4.1 307 7.5 Heroin 3,661 89.6 47 1.2 45 1.1 332 8.1 LSD 3,299 80.8 372 9.1 106 2.6 308 7.5 Marijuana 2,351 57.6 743 18.2 763 18.7 228 5.6 Phencyclidine 3,629 88.8 88 2.2 24 0.6 344 8.4 Other narcotics, 2,432 59.5 956 23.4 433 10.6 264 6.5 opiates Tranquilizers 2,665 65.2 699 11.1 471 11.5 250 6.1 -60-

TABLE 30 Reported and Age-Adjusted Expected Use of LSD by Volunteers Tested with LSD No. Subjects in Test Category LSD and Reported Times LSD Alone Other Chemicals Total LSD LSD Used Obs. ExP.a Obs. Exp.a Obs. Exu.b 0 36 85.9 103 195.0 139 278.4 1-9 49 1.6 92 4.5 141 10.2 Less than 10 (sum) 85 87.5 195 199.5 280 288.6 10-99 4 0.2 4 1.0 8 2.2 100-999 0 0.O 0 0 O 0 0 O 1,000 or more O 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 10 or more (sum) 4 0.2 5 1.0 9 2.2 Unknown 9 10.3 19 18.5 28 26.2 Total 98 98.0 219 219.0 317 317.0 Mantel-Haenszel x2 test summery: C x2 6.10 4.07 5.97 ~ 0.02 > ~ > 0.01 0.05 ? ~ > 0.02 0.02 > ~ > 0.01 a Derived from age-specific reported use of LSD by subjects exposed to no chemicals. 3 Derived from age-specific reported use of LSD by subjects exposed to chemicals except LSD. c Reported use: less than 10 times vs. 10 or more times (excluding use not reported). -61-

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