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PAPERBACK list:$38.75 Web:$34.88 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Free Resources Sign in to download PDF book and chapters Display this book on your site! Related Titles The Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases: Defining the Relationship, Enhancing the Research, and Mitigating the Effects -- Workshop Summary Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak -- Workshop Summary Other Related Titles Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference (2000) Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 137   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Concluding Remarks Tatsuji Nomura Central Institute for Experimental Animals Kawasaki, Japan I simply want to mention what I perceive to be the fundamental difference in microbiologic management in the United States, Europe, and Japan. In Japan, where laboratory animal science began in the 1950s, most if not all microbiologists are involved in research on infections and immunity. From the beginning, we have been concerned about microbiologic quality. In the United States and Europe, however, the focus is on health surveillance or health monitoring, which is very different. Microbiologic quality covers good health, but health monitoring does not cover microbiologic quality. Recently, Japanese molecular geneticists have requested very sophisticated animals for the analysis of gene expression related to immunity or infection. They need animals with very high microbiologic quality, and we cannot compromise. For instance, we simply never use animals with an inapparent infection until the infection has been eliminated. In Japan, we have only one ICLAS Monitoring Center (CIEA), which selects minimum requirements; and for 20 years, we have had no problems. Of course, we are prepared to encounter problems, and so we continue to exchange information and ideas frequently. Japanese universities maintain good cooperation because the Ministry of Education supports all the university animal centers, and they all have in-house microbiologic laboratories. If a problem develops, they immediately send it to the center. I believe we are fortunate to have this simple system, which is different from US and European systems. Finally, on behalf of the Japanese, I would like to thank the US hosts and all of the staff for organizing this excellent meeting. We, the Japanese, have learned much. Page 137 Front Matter (R1-R16) Opening Remarks, Judith Vaitukaitis (1-3) Opening Remarks, Shin-Ichi Ota (4-5) Introductory Comments on Microbiologic Testing of Laboratory Mice and Rats: Uniformity of Results (6-6) Development of a Performance Assessment Program for Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratories and Defining Microbiologic Testing Standards (7-10) Standardization of Rodent Health Surveillance: Regulation Versus Competition (11-15) Factors Causing Difficulties in Uniformity of Results Among Testing Facilities in Microbiologic Monitoring of Laboratory Animals (16-20) Necessity of Reexamining the Pathogenicity and Elimination of Parasites in Rats and Mice (21-26) Emerging (and Reemerging) Viruses of Laboratory Mice and Rats (27-34) Emerging Infections as a Cause of Concern (35-39) Emerging Diseases in Mice and Rats (40-43) Survey of Heliobacter Species in Laboratory Mice and Gerbils in Japan (44-46) Genetic Evaluation of Outbred Rats (47-50) Genetic Evaluation of Outbred Rats from the Breeder's Perspective (51-64) Concept for Establishment of Rat Outbred Global Standard Strains (65-76) Necessity of Genetic and Microbiologic Quality Network from the Pharmaceutical Industry's Perspective (77-84) International Harmonization of Laboratory Animals (85-96) Rat Genetics and Toxicology (97-104) A Phenotype-driven Approach to the Molecular and Functional Analysis of the Mouse Genome (105-115) Evaluation of Targeted Mutations (116-118) Defining Behavioral Phenotypes in Transgenic and Knockout Mice (119-129) Defining Phenotype in Genetically Engineered Mice (130-131) Development of the Mouse Model Dramatype for Human Clinical Benefit (132-136) Concluding Remarks (137-137) Implication of Wild-derived Genes, Mitochondria, and Chromosomes in the Genetic Background of Mouse Models for Diseases and Biologic Functions (138-141) Concluding Comments, John Strandberg (142-143) Concluding Remarks, John Vandenbergh (144-146) Appendix A (147-148) Appendix B (149-150)

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Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 US/JAPAN CONFERENCE Concluding Remarks Tatsuji Nomura Central Institute for Experimental Animals Kawasaki, Japan I simply want to mention what I perceive to be the fundamental difference in microbiologic management in the United States, Europe, and Japan. In Japan, where laboratory animal science began in the 1950s, most if not all microbiologists are involved in research on infections and immunity. From the beginning, we have been concerned about microbiologic quality. In the United States and Europe, however, the focus is on health surveillance or health monitoring, which is very different. Microbiologic quality covers good health, but health monitoring does not cover microbiologic quality. Recently, Japanese molecular geneticists have requested very sophisticated animals for the analysis of gene expression related to immunity or infection. They need animals with very high microbiologic quality, and we cannot compromise. For instance, we simply never use animals with an inapparent infection until the infection has been eliminated. In Japan, we have only one ICLAS Monitoring Center (CIEA), which selects minimum requirements; and for 20 years, we have had no problems. Of course, we are prepared to encounter problems, and so we continue to exchange information and ideas frequently. Japanese universities maintain good cooperation because the Ministry of Education supports all the university animal centers, and they all have in-house microbiologic laboratories. If a problem develops, they immediately send it to the center. I believe we are fortunate to have this simple system, which is different from US and European systems. Finally, on behalf of the Japanese, I would like to thank the US hosts and all of the staff for organizing this excellent meeting. We, the Japanese, have learned much.

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health monitoring