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Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates: Second Revised Edition, 2003
tion for the water supply can require special measures to ensure that access (Weisbard and Goy, 1976).
When research protocols make ad libitum access to water impossible, preliminary studies should be conducted under similar environmental circumstances and conditions of management to ensure that a limited water supply will not alter research findings or adversely affect animal health. A starting point for an estimate of the daily water needs of adult primates might be 1 ml·kcal-1 of ME expenditure, on the basis of studies with humans (National Research Council, 1989), adult pig-tailed macaques (Pace et al., 1964), and adult rhesus macaques (Natelson and Bonbright, Jr., 1978).
Small species of nonhuman primates might have higher water requirements, on the basis of 161 observations of adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) that consumed a mean of 11.7 ml of water per day (Lunn, 1989). Because of a larger surface area per unit of mass, a higher percentage of body water, a high rate of water turnover, the increased solute load from the high protein intakes required for growth, and an inability to express thirst, water intakes of 1.5 ml·kcal-1 of ME expenditure have been recommended for human infants (National Research Council, 1989). The same concerns apply to infant nonhuman primates.
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