PREPARING CHEMISTS AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERS FOR A GLOBALLY ORIENTED WORKFORCE
A WORKSHOP REPORT TO THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES ROUNDTABLE
Donald M. Burland, Michael P. Doyle, Michael E. Rogers, and Tina M. Masciangioli, Editors
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Research Corporation under Grant GG0066, the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG-02-95ER14556, the National Institutes of Health under Grant N01-OD-2139, Task Order 25, and the National Science Foundation under Grant CHE-0328197.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
CHEMICAL SCIENCES ROUNDTABLE
Co-chairs
F. FLEMING CRIM,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
MARY L. MANDICH,
Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ
Members
PAUL ANASTAS,
Green Chemistry Institute, Washington, DC
MICHAEL R. BERMAN,
Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA
MICHELLE V. BUCHANAN,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
LEONARD J. BUCKLEY,
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Arlington, VA
CHARLES P. CASEY,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
MICHAEL P. DOYLE,
University of Maryland, College Park, MD
ARTHUR B. ELLIS,
National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA
TERESA FRYBERGER,
Department of Energy, Washington, DC
JEAN H. FUTRELL,
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
PAUL GILMAN,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
ESIN GULARI,
National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA
ALEX HARRIS,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY
NED D. HEINDEL,
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
CAROL J. HENRY,
American Chemistry Council, Arlington, VA
MICHAEL J. HOLLAND,
Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington, DC
CHARLES T. KRESGE,
Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI
GEORGE H. LORIMER,
University of Maryland, College Park, MD
PAUL F. MCKENZIE,
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ
PARRY M. NORLING,
DuPont (retired), Wilmington, DE
WILLIAM S. REES,
Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC
GERALDINE L. RICHMOND,
University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
MICHAEL E. ROGERS,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
JEFFREY J. SIIROLA,
Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN
DOTSEVI Y. SOGAH,
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
WALTER J. STEVENS,
Department of Energy, Washington, DC
FRANKIE WOOD-BLACK,
ConocoPhillips, Ponca City, OK
NRC Staff
DOROTHY ZOLANDZ, Director
CHRISTOPHER K. MURPHY, Program Officer
TINA M. MASCIANGIOLI, Program Officer
ANDRIA HOBBS, Christine Mirzayan Intern (through December 31, 2003)
SYBIL A. PAIGE, Administrative Associate
DAVID C. RASMUSSEN, Project Assistant
NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor
BOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Co-chairs
WILLIAM KLEMPERER,
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
ARNOLD F. STANCELL,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
Members
DENISE M. BARNES,
Amalan Networks, Snellville, GA
A. WELFORD CASTLEMAN, JR.,
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
ANDREA W. CHOW,
Caliper Life Sciences, Mountain View, CA
THOMAS M. CONNELLY, JR.,
DuPont Company, Wilmington, DE
MARK E. DAVIS,
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
JEAN DEGRAEVE,
Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
JOSEPH M. DESIMONE,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
CATHERINE C. FENSELAU,
University of Maryland, College Park, MD
MAURICIO FUTRAN,
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ
LOU ANN HEIMBROOK,
Merck & Company, Inc., Rahway, NJ
NANCY B. JACKSON,
Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM
MARTHA A. KREBS,
Science Strategies, Los Angeles, CA
WILLIAM A. LESTER, JR.,
University of California, Berkeley, CA
GREGORY O. NELSON,
Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN
ROBERT M. SUSSMAN,
Latham & Watkins, Washington, DC
NRC Staff
DOROTHY ZOLANDZ, Director
CHRISTOPHER K. MURPHY, Program Officer
TINA M. MASCIANGIOLI, Program Officer
ANDRIA HOBBS, Christine Mirzayan Intern (through December 31, 2003)
SYBIL A. PAIGE, Administrative Associate
DAVID C. RASMUSSEN, Project Assistant
Preface
The Chemical Sciences Roundtable (CSR) was established in 1997 by the National Research Council. It provides a science-oriented apolitical forum for leaders in the chemical sciences to discuss chemistry-related issues affecting government, industry, and universities. Organized by the National Research Council’s Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, the CSR aims to strengthen the chemical sciences by fostering communication among the people and organizations—spanning industry, government, universities, and professional associations—involved with the chemical enterprise. It does that primarily by organizing workshops that address issues in chemical science and technology that require national attention.
A workshop was organized by the CSR on the topic of “Preparing Chemists and Chemical Engineers for the Global Workforce.” The workshop was held to provide a forum for discussing the implications of an increasingly global research environment for a chemistry and chemical engineering workforce. Discussions explored how the chemical enterprise—academic, industrial, and government—is influenced by international activities and how it might respond to prepare chemists and chemical engineers for the changing environment. The workshop presentations described deficiencies in the current system and identified successful approaches that could be adapted to create and sustain a globally aware workforce. The organizers would like to acknowledge the time and effort that Doug Raber and Tina Masciangioli committed to both the planning and realization of this workshop. Without their help the workshop and this document would not have been possible.
Other than the Introduction and Summary, each chapter in this workshop summary is an edited transcript of speaker and discussion remarks at the workshop. The discussions were edited and organized around major themes to provide a more readable summary. In accordance with the policies of the CSR, the workshop did not attempt to establish any conclusions or recommendations about needs and future directions, focusing instead on issues identified by the speakers.
Donald M. Burland, Michael P. Doyle, and Michael E. Rogers
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:
William F. Carroll, Occidental Chemical Corporation
Sue B. Clark, Washington State University
Ruth A. David, ANSER (Analytic Services Inc.)
Billy J. Evans, University of Michigan (retired)
Marye Anne Fox, North Carolina State University
John M. Malin, American Chemical Society
Douglas Selman, ExxonMobil
Gerson S. Sher, U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by Robert L. Lichter, of Merrimack Consultants, LLC. Appointed by the Division on Earth and Life Studies, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the authors and the institution.
Contents
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HOW DO NATIONAL LABOR FORCES BECOME GLOBAL, AND WHO SHOULD CARE? |
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MAJOR TRENDS SHAPING THE FUTURE WORKPLACE |
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BOUNDARY-CROSSING TECHNOLOGY NETWORKS AT DEGUSSA |
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EVOLVING OPPORTUNITIES—BUILDING A GLOBAL, TECHNICAL WORKFORCE |
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DOES THE U.S. STYLE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION SERVE THE NATION WELL? |
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THE ITINERANT CHEMIST—WHERE WILL THE JOBS BE IN 2020? |
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ATTRACTING AND PREPARING CHEMISTS AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERS FOR A GLOBAL WORKFORCE |
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SEEING THE WORLD THROUGH A DIFFERENT WINDOW |
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EXPANDING BOUNDARIES TO ADVANCE MEDICAL RESEARCH—LESSONS LEARNED AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH AND WAYS FORWARD |
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APPENDICES |
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C ORIGIN OF AND INFORMATION ON THE CHEMICAL SCIENCES ROUNDTABLE |