Safe Passage: Astronaut Care for Exploration Missions (2001)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

References AAMC (Association of American Medical Colleges). 1999. Breaking the Scientific Bottleneck. Clinical Research: A National Call to Action. Report of the Clinical Research Summit. Washington, D.C.: Association of American Medical Colleges. AAOS (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons). 1996. New Bone Paste Heals Fractures Faster Than Traditional Methods. AAOS Academy News. Online. Available at www.aaos.org/wordhtml/aaosnews/paste.htm. Accessed February 2001. ACS (American College of Surgeons). 1999. Resources for the Optimal Care of the Injured Patient. Chicago: American College of Surgeons. Agathon, M. 1998. Part of education in behaviour. Therapy approaches of anxiety disorders. Annales Medico-Psychologiques 156(10):697–699. AHA (American Heart Association). 2000. ECC Guidelines, Part 2. Ethical Aspects of CPR and ECC. Circulation 102:1–12. Alfrey, C. P., M. M. Udden, C. S. Leach-Huntoon, T. Driscoll, and M. H. Pickett. 1996. Control of red blood cell mass in space flight. Journal of Applied Physiology 81(1):98– 104. Alkire, M. T., R. J. Haier, J. J. Fallon, and L. Cahill. 1998. Hippocampal, but not amygdala, activity at encoding correlates with long-term, free recall of nonemotional information. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95:14506–14510. American Cancer Society. 2000. Cancer Facts and Figures. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. Arbeille, P., G. Gauquelin, J. M. Pottier, L. Pourcelot, A. Guell, and C. Gharib. 1992. Results of a 4-week head-down spaceflight. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 63(1):9–13. 221 

222 REFERENCES Arbeille, P., F. Achaibou, G. Fomina, J. M. Pottier, and M. Porcher. 1996. Regional blood flow in microgravity: adaptation and deconditioning. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 28(10 Suppl.):S70–S79. Athma, P., R. Rappaport, and M. Swift. 1996. Molecular genotyping shows that ataxia- telangiectasia heterozygotes are predisposed to breast cancer. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 92(2):130–134. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1991. Medical Guidelines for Acute Chemical Exposures, Managing Hazardous Materials Incidents. Atlanta: ATSDR. ATSDR. 1997. Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance Annual Report. Atlanta: ASTDR. Bachman, W. 1988. Nice guys finish first: a SYMLOG analysis of U.S. Naval Commands. In: The SYMLOG Practitioner: Applications of Small Group Research. R. B. Polley, A. P. Hare, and J. P. Stone, eds. New York: Praeger. Bagian, J. P., and D. F. Ward. 1994. A retrospective study of promethazine and its failure to produce the expected incidence of sedation during space flight. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 34:649–651. Baibekov, I. M., R. S. Mavlyan-Khodzhaev, V. P. Tumanov, and K. K. Usmanov. 1995. Effects of low-intensity infrared laser radiation on the healing of dermatomal wounds. Byulleten’ Eksperimental’Noi Biologii I Meditsiny 119(2):218–224. Baisch, F. J. 1993. Body fluid distribution in man in space and effect of lower body negative pressure treatment. Clinical Investigation 71(9):690–699. Baker, E. L. 1988. Surveillance of occupational disease: strategies for improving physician recognition and reporting, pp. 79–80. In: Role of the Primary Care Physician in Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Bales, R. F. 1999. Social Interaction Systems: Theory and Measurement. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. Barger, L. K., and C. A. Czeisler. 2000. Research letter submitted to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, July 7. Barlow, D. 1996. Health care policy, psychotherapy research and the future of psychotherapy. American Psychologist 51:1050–1058. Beck, A. T. 1993. Cognitive therapy: past, present and future. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 61:194–198. Beck, A. T., and G. Emery. 1985. Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective. New York: Basic Books. Benichou, J., C. Byrne, and M. Gail. 1997. An approach to estimating exposure-specific rates of breast cancer from a two-stage case control study within a cohort. Statistics in Medicine 16(1–3):133–151. Berry, C. A. 1969. Preliminary clinical report of the medical aspects of Apollos VII and VIII. Aerospace Medicine 40:245–254. Biglan, A. 1995. Changing Cultural Practices: A Contextualist Framework for Intervention Research. Reno, NV: Context Press. Billica, R. 2000. In-flight Medical Events for US Astronauts During Space Shuttle Program STS-1 through STS-89, April 1981–January 1998. Presentation to the 

REFERENCES 223 Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 22, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Billica, R. D., S. C. Simmons, K. L. Mathes, B. A. McKinley, C. C. Chuang, M. L. Wear, and P. B. Hamm. 1996. Perception of the medical risk of spaceflight. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 67(5):467–473. Birketvedt, G. S., J. Florholmen, J. Sundsfjord, B. Osterud, D. Dinges, W. Bilker, and A. Stunkard. 1999. Behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics of the night-eating syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association 282(7):657–663. Biros, M. H., R. J. Lewis, C. M. Olson, J. W. Runge, R. O. Cummins, and N. Fost. 1995. Informed consent in emergency research: consensus statement from the Coalition Conference of Acute Resuscitation and Critical Care Researchers. Journal of the American Medical Association 273(16):1283–1287. Biros, M. H., J. W. Runge, R. J. Lewis, and C. Doherty. 1998. Emergency medicine and the development of the Food and Drug Administration’s final rule on informed consent and waiver of informed consent in emergency research circumstances. Academic Emergency Medicine 5(4):359–368. Black, F. O., S. W. Wade, and A. Arshi. 1999. Roll-tilt perception using a somatosensory bar task. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Boal, K. B., and R. Hooijberg. 2000. Strategic leadership research: moving on. Leadership Quarterly 11(4):515–549. Bode, P. J., M. J. Edwards, M. C. Kruit, and A. B. Van Vugt. 1999. Sonography in a clinical algorithm for early evaluation of 1671 patients with blunt abdominal trauma. American Journal of Roentgenology 172:905–911. Bold, R. J., P. F. Mansfield, D. H. Berger, R. E. Pollock, S. E. Singletary, F. C. Ames, C. M. Balch, D. C. Hohn, and M. I. Ross. 1998. Prospective, randomized, double-blind study of prophylactic antibiotics in axillary lymph node dissection. American Journal of Surgery 176(3):239–243. Borman, W. C., M. A. Hanson, and J. W. Hedge. 1997. Personnel selection. Annual Review of Psychology 48:299–337. Borst, C. 2000. Operating on a beating heart. Scientific American 283(4):58–63. Brady, J. 1990. Toward applied behavior analysis of life aloft. Behavioral Science 35:11– 23. Brady, J., and M. Anderson. 1991. Small groups in confined microsocieties. In: From Antarctica to Outer Space: Life in Isolation and Confinement. A. Harrison, Y. Clearwater, and C. McKay, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag. Brady, J., T. Kelly, and R. Hienz. 1999. Stability and precision of performance during space flight. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Braunwald, E., ed. 1999. Heart Disease. New York: Harcourt Brace. Buckey, J. C., Jr., F. A. Gaffney, L. D. Lane, B. D. Levine, D. E. Watenpaugh, S. J. Wright, C. W. Yancy, Jr., D. M. Meyer, and C. G. Blomqvist. 1996a. Central venous pressure in space. Journal of Applied Physiology 81(1):19–25. Buckey, J. C., Jr., L. D. Lane, B. D. Levine, D. E. Watenpaugh, S. J. Wright, W. E. Moore, 

224 REFERENCES F. A. Gaffney, and C. G. Blomqvist. 1996b. Orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight. Journal of Applied Physiology 81(1):7–18. Bungo, M. W., J. B. Charles, and P. C. Johnson, Jr. 1985. Cardiovascular deconditioning during spaceflight and the use of saline as a countermeasure to orthostatic intolerance. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 56(10):985–990. Burrough, B. 1998. Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis Aboard Mir. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Burrows, W. E. 1998. This New Ocean. New York: Random House. Cacioppo, J. T., and L. G. Tassinary. 1990. Principles of Psychophysiology: Physical, Social, and Inferential Elements. New York: Cambridge University Press. Cahill, L., R. J. Haier, J. Fallon, M. T. Alkire, C. Tang, D. Keator, J. Wu, and J. L. McGaugh. 1996. Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 93:8016– 8021. Caillot-Augusseau, A., M. H. Lafage-Proust, C. Soler, J. Pernod, F. Dubois, and C. Alexandre. 1998. Bone formation and resorption biological markers in cosmonauts during and after a 180-day spaceflight (Euromir 95). Clinical Chemistry 44(3):578– 585. Campbell, M. R. 1999. Surgical care in space. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 70(2):181–184. Campbell, M. R., and R. D. Billica. 1992. A review of microgravity surgical investigations. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 63(6):524–528. Campbell, M. R., R. D. Billica, and S. L. Johnston III. 1993. Surgical bleeding in microgravity. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics 177(2):121–125. Campbell, M. R., R. D. Billica, R. Jennings, and S. L. Johnston III. 1996. Laparoscopic surgery in weightlessness. Surgical Endoscopy 10(2):111–117. Caplan, R. A., J. L. Benumof, F. A. Berry, C. D. Blitt, R. H. Bode, F, W. Cheney, R. T. Connis, O. F. Guidry, and A. Ovassapian. 1993. Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway. A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway. Anesthesiology 78(3):597–602. Cautela, J. R., and M. Ishaq. 1996. Contemporary Issues in Behavior Therapy: Improving the Human Condition. New York: Plenum. Cavanagh, P. R., B. L. Davis, and T. A. Miller. 1992. A biomechanical perspective on exercise countermeasures for long-term spaceflight. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 63(6):482–485. Charles, J. 2000. Critical Path for Countermeasure Development. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 23, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Charles, J. B., and C. M. Lathers. 1994. Summary of lower body negative pressure experiments during spaceflight. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 34(16):571–583. Charles, J. B., J. M. Fritsch-Yelle, P. A. Whitson, M. L. Wood, T. E. Brown, and G. W. Fortner. 1999. Cardiovascular deconditioning. In: Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project. Final Report 1989–1995, NASA Special Publication SP-1999-534. C. F. Sawin, G. R. Taylor, and W. L. Smith, eds. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Cintron, N. M., L. Putcha, Y. M. Chen, and J. M. Vanderploeg. 1987. Inflight salivary pharmacokinetics of scopolamine and dextroamphetamine. In: Results of the Life 

REFERENCES 225 Sciences DSOs Conducted Aboard the Space Shuttle 1981–1986. M. W. Bongo, T. M. Bagian, M. A. Bowman, and B. M. Levitan, eds. Houston: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. CIOMS (Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences). 1993. Ethics and Research on Human Subjects: International Guidelines. In: Proceedings of the XXVI CIOMS Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, February 5–7, 1992. Z. Bankowski and R. J. Levine, eds. Geneva: Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. Claus, A. B., J. M. Schildkraut, W. D. Thompson, and N. J. Risch. 1996. The genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer 77(11):2318–2324. Cohen, M. M., S. M. Ebenholtz, and B. J. Linder. 1995. Effects of optical pitch on oculomotor control and the perception of target elevation. Perception and Psychophysics 57(4):433–440. Collins, M. 1974. Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut’s Journeys. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Collins, M. 1990. Mission to Mars. New York: Grove Weidenfeld. Colvard, M., P. Kuo, R. Caleel, J. Labo, and R. Self. 1992. Laser surgery procedures in the operational KC-135E aviation environment. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 63(7):619–623. Convertino, V. A. 1996a. Clinical aspects of the control of plasma volume at microgravity and during return to one gravity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 28(10 Suppl.):S45–S52. Convertino, V. A. 1996b. Exercise as a countermeasure for a physiological adaptation to prolonged spaceflight. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 28(8):999–1014. Convertino, V. A., J. L. Polet, K. A. Engelke, G. W. Hoffler, L. D. Lane, and C. G. Blomqvist. 1997. Evidence for increased β-adrenoreceptor responsiveness induced by 14 days of simulated microgravity in humans. American Journal of Physiology 273(1 Part 2):R93–R99. Cullen, M. R., and L. Rosenstock. 1994. Principles and practice of occupational medicine. In: Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine. L. Rosenstock and M. R. Cullen, eds. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. Czeisler, C. A., and K. P. Wright, Jr. 1999. Influence of light on circadian rhythmicity in humans. In: Regulation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms. F. W. Turek and P. C. Zee, eds. New York: Marcel Dekker. Czeisler, C. A., M. P. Johnson, J. F. Duffy, E. N. Brown, J. M. Ronda, and R. E. Kronauer. 1990. Exposure to bright light and darkness to treat physiologic maladaptation to night work. New England Journal of Medicine 322:1253–1259. D’Agostino, H. B. 1999. Transcatheter fluid drainage. In: Vascular and Interventional Radiology. K. Valji, ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. Damasio, A. B. 1994. Descartes’ Error. New York: Avon. Deaver, D. R., R. P. Amann, R. H. Hammerstedt, R. Ball, D. N. Veeamachaneni, and X. J. Musacchia. 1992. Effects of caudal elevation on testicular function in rats. Separation of effects on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Journal of Andrology 13(3):224– 231. Derendorf, H. 1994. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic consequences of space flight. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 34:684–691. DHHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 1992. Model Trauma Care System Plan. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 

226 REFERENCES DiGioia, A. M., B. D. Colgan, and N. Koerbel. 1998. Computer-aided surgery. In: Cybersurgery. R. M. Satava, ed. New York: Wiley-Liss. Dijk, D. J., J. F. Duffy, and C. A. Czeisler. 1992. Circadian and sleep/wake dependent aspects of subjective alertness and cognitive performance. Journal of Sleep Resolution 1(2):112–117. Dinges, D., and H. Van Dongen. 1999. Countermeasures to neurobehavioral deficits from cumulative partial sleep deprivation during spaceflight. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Dinges, D. F., F. Pack, K. Williams, K. A. Gillen, J. W. Powell, G. E. Ott, C. Aptowicz, and A. I. Pack. 1997. Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4–5 hours per night. Sleep 20(4):267–277. Dlugos, D. J., P. L. Perrotta, and W. G. Horn. 1995. Effects of the submarine environment on renal-stone risk factors and vitamin D metabolism. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine 22(2):145–152. Doll, R. E., and E. K. E. Gunderson, 1970. The relative importance of selected behavioral characteristics of group members in an extreme environment. Journal of Psychology 75:23-237. Duffy, L. 1993. Team decision-making biases: an information-processing perspective. In: Decision Making in Action: Models and Methods. G. Llein, J. Orasanu, R. Calderwood, and C. Zsambok, eds. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation. Easton, D. F., D. Ford, and T. Bishop. 1995. Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium: breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA 1-mutation carriers. American Journal of Human Genetics 56(1):265–271. Eddy, D., S. Schiflett, R. Schlegel, and R. Shehab. 1999. Cognitive performance in seven shuttle astronauts. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Edgerton, V. R., M. Y. Zhou, Y. Ohira, H. Klitgaard, B. Jiang, G. Bell, B. Harris, B. Saltin, P. D. Golnick, R. R. Roy, M. K. Day, and M. Greenisen. 1995. Human fiber size and enzymatic properties after 5 and 11 days of spaceflight. Journal of Applied Physiology 78(5):1733–1739. Emurian, H., J. Brady, J. Meyerhoff, and E. Mougey. 1981. Behavioral and biological interactions with confined microsocieties in a programmed environment. In: Space Manufacturing. New York: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Estupiñán-Day, S. 2000. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART): A Potentially Useful Approach to Managing Dental Lesions in Space. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, April 17, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Fehr, T. G. 1996. Relevant therapeutic effects of transcendental meditation. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie 46(5):178–188. Feiveson, A. H. 2000. Quantitative Assessment of Countermeasure Efficacy for Long- Term Space Missions. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Strategies for Small Number Participant Clinical Research Trials, September 28, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Ferguson, J. K. 1977. Flight crew health stabilization program. In: The Apollo-Soyuz Test 

REFERENCES 227 Project Medical Report. A. E. Nicogossian, ed. NASA Special Publication 411. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ferguson, J. K., G. W. McCollum, and B. L. Portnoy. 1977. Analysis of the Skylab flight crew health stabilization program. In: Biomedical Results from Skylab. R. S. Johnston and L. F. Dietlein, eds. NASA Special Publication 377. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Fisher, C. 2000. Clinical Care Capability Development Program. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 23, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Fisher, R., E. Kopelman, and A. K. Schneider. 1994. Beyond Machiavelli: Tools for Coping with Conflict. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Fletcher, L. D. 1983. Dental observations at Australian Antarctic Stations. Australian Dental Journal 28(5):281–285. Flynn, C., and A. Holland. 2000. Behavioral Health and Performance. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 22, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Ford, D., D. F. Easton, M. Stratton, S. Narod, D. Goldgar, P. Devilee, D. T. Bishop, B. Weber, G. Lenoir, J. Chang-Claude, H. Sobol, M. D. Teare, J. Struewing, A. Arason, S. Schernek, J. Peto, T. R. Rebbeck, P. Tonin, S. Neuhausen, R. Barkardottir, J. Eyfjord, H. Lynch, B. A. Ponder, S. A. Gayther, and M. Zelada-Hedman. 1998. Genetic heterogeneity and penetrance analysis of the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes in breast cancer families. American Journal of Human Genetics 62(3):676–689. Fortney, S. M. 1991. Development of lower body negative pressure as a countermeasure for orthostatic intolerance. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 31(10):888–892. Frazer, T. 1968. Leisure and recreation in long duration space missions. Human Factors 10:483–488. Frazier, S. H. 1968. Comprehensive management of psychiatric emergencies. Psychosomatics 9(1):7–11. Fritsch-Yelle, J. M., J. B. Charles, M. M. Jones, L. A. Beightol, and D. L. Eckberg. 1994. Spaceflight alters autonomic regulation of arterial pressure in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology 77(4):1776–1783. Fritsch-Yelle, J. M., P. A. Whitson, R. L. Bondar, and T. E. Brown. 1996. Subnormal norepinephrine release relates to presyncope in astronauts after spaceflight. Journal of Applied Physiology 81(5):2134–2141. Gail, M. H., L. A. Brinton, D. P. Byar, D. K. Corle, S. B. Green, C. Schairer, and J. J. Mulvihill. 1989. Projecting individualized probabilities of developing breast cancer for white females who are being examined annually. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 81(24):1879– 1886. Gillis, P., and S. R. Hursh. 1999. Using behavior moderators to influence CGF command entity effectiveness and performance. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavior Representation, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense. Ginnett, R. C. 1993. Crews as groups; their formation and their leadership. In: Cockpit Resource Management. E. L. Wiener, B. G. Kanki and R. L. Helmreich, eds. Goldin, D. S. 1999a. Letter to Kenneth I. Shine, President, Institute of Medicine. January 5. Goldin, D. S. 1999b. The cornucopia of the future. Remarks delivered to the Board on 

228 REFERENCES Science, Technology and Economic Policy, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., October 25. Gossot, D., G. Buess, A. Cuschieri, E. Leporte, M. Lirici, R. Marvik, D. Meijer, A. Melzer, and M. O. Schurr. 1999. Ultrasonic dissection for endoscopic surgery. Surgical Endoscopy 13:412–417. Gottschalk, L., and G. Gleser. 1969. The Measurement of Psychological States Through the Content Analysis of Verbal Behavior. Berkeley: University of California Press. Gould, R. L. 1989. Therapeutic Learning Program (Version 5.0). Santa Monica, Calif.:. Interactive Health Systems. Greenfield, L., ed. 1996. Essentials of Surgery: Scientific Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Greenleaf, J. E., R. Bulbulian, E. M.Bernauer, W. L. Haskell, and T. Moore. 1989. Exercise training protocols for astronauts in microgravity. Journal of Applied Physiology 67(6):2191–2204. Guerin, B. 1994. Analyzing Social Behavior: Behavior Analysis and the Social Sciences. Reno, Nev.: Context Press. Gundel, A., V. Nalishiti, E. Reucher, M. Vejvoda, and J. Zulley. 1993. Sleep and circadian rhythm during a short space mission. Clinical Investigation 71:718–724. Gunderson, E. K. E. 1966a. Selection for Antarctic Service. Unit Report No. 66-15. San Diego, Calif.: Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, U.S. Navy. Gunderson, E. K. E. 1966b. Adaptation to Extreme Environments: Prediction of Performance. Unit Report No. 66-17. San Diego, Calif.: Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, U.S. Navy. Gunderson, E. K. E., ed. 1974a. Human Adaptability to Antarctic Conditions. Antarctic Research Series, Vol. 22. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. Gunderson, E. K. E. 1974b. Introduction. In: Human Adaptability to Antarctic Conditions. E. K. E. Gunderson, ed. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. Hackman, J. 1990. Groups That Work (and Those That Don’t). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. Hackman, J. 1998. Why teams don’t work. In: Theory and Research in Small Groups. R. Tindale, ed. New York: Plenum. Hackman, J. R. 1993. Teams, leaders, and organizations: new directions for crew-oriented flight training, pp. 47–69. In: Cockpit Resource Management. E. L. Wiener, B. G. Kanki, and R. L. Helmreich, eds. San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press. Hackman, J. R., and R. E. Walton. 1986. Learning groups in organizations, pp. 72–119. In: Designing Effective Work Groups. S. Goodman and Associates, eds. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hargens, A. R. 1994. Recent bed rest results and countermeasure development at NASA. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Supplementum 616:103–114. Harlow, H. J., T. Lohuis, T. D. I. Beck, and P. A. Iaizzo. 2001. Muscle strength in overwintering bears: unlike humans, bears retain their muscle tone when moribund for long periods. Nature 409(6823):997. Harris, B. A., R. D. Billica, S. L. Bishop, T. Blackwell, C. S. Layne, D. L. Harm, G. R. Sandoz, and E. C. Rosenow. 1997. Physical examination during space flight. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 72(4):301–308. Harris, J. R. 1991. Breast Diseases. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 

REFERENCES 229 Harris, J. R., M. E. Lippman, U. Veronesi, and W. Willett. 1992. Breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 327(5):319–328. Harrison, A. A., Y. A. Clearwater, and C. P. McKay, eds. 1991. From Antarctica to Outer Space: Life in Isolation and Confinement. New York: Springer-Verlag. Hartley, A. A. 1999. Attention. In: The Handbook of Aging and Cognition. F. I. M. Craik and T. A. Salthouse, eds. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. Heifetz, R. A. 1998. Leadership Without Easy Answers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. Heissler, E., F. S. Fischer, S. Bolouri, T. Lehman, W. Mathar, A. Gebhardt, W. Lanksch, and J. Bier. 1998. Custom-made cast titanium implants produced with CAD/CAM for the reconstruction of cranium defects. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 27:334–338. Helmreich, R. L. 1973. Psychological research in Tektite 2. Man Environment System 3:125–127. Hoffman, S. J., and D. I. Kaplan, eds. 1997. Human Exploration of Mars: The Reference Mission of the NASA Mars Exploration Study Team. NASA Special Publication 6107. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Hogan, J., S. L. Rybicki, S. J. Motowidlo, and W. C. Borman. 1998. Relations between contextual performance, personality, and occupational advancement. Human Performance 11:189–207. Holick, M. F. 2000. Microgravity-induced bone loss—will it limit human space exploration? The Lancet 355(9215):1569–1570. Holland, A. 1997. NASA Operational Program. Presentation to the National Research Council Panel on Human Behavior, Committee on Space Biology and Medicine, May 1, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Holland, A. 2000. Space Flight and Analogue Experience. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 23, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Holland, A. W., L. Looper, and L. Marcondes-North. 1993. Multicultural Factors in the Space Environment: results of an international shuttle crew debrief. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 64:196–200. Hunter, J. B. 1999. Food system challenges for long-duration space missions. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). 1969. Radiosensitivity and Spatial Distribution of Dose. New York: Pergamon. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1994. Careers in Clinical Research. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. IOM. 1998. Statement on Quality of Care: National Roundtable on Health Care Quality— The Urgent Need to Improve Health Care Quality. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. IOM. 1999a. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. A. Pope, G. French, and D. E. Longnecker, eds. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. IOM. 1999b. Measuring the Quality of Health Care. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. 

230 REFERENCES IOM. 2000. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. L. T. Kohn, J. M. Corrigan, and M. S. Donaldson, eds. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. IOM. 2001a. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. IOM. 2001b. Envisioning the National Health Care Quality Report. M. P. Hurtado, E. K. Swift, and J. M. Corrigan, eds. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. IOM. 2001c. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health: Does Sex Matter? Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. IOM. 2001d. Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status and Strategies for the Future. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. IOM. 2001e. Small Clinical Trials: Issues and Challenges. C. H. Evans, Jr., and S. T. Ildstad, eds. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. James, J. T., T. F. Limero, H. J. Leano, J. F. Boyd, and P. A. Covington. 1994. Volatile organic contaminants found in the habitable environment of the space shuttle: STS- 26 to STS-55. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 65(9):851–857. Jennings, R. T., and J. P. Bagian. 1996. Musculoskeletal injury review in the US space program. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 67(8):762–766. Jennings, R. T., and E. S. Baker. 2000. Gynecological and reproductive issues for women in space: a review. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey 55(2):109–116. Jennings, R. T., and P. A. Santy. 1990. Reproduction in space environment. Part II. Concerns for human reproduction. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey 45(1):7– 17. Johnson, P. C., T. B. Driscoll, and C. L. Fisher. 1977. Blood volume changes. In: Biomedical Results from Skylab. NASA Special Publication SP-377. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Johnson Space Center Institutional Review Board. 1996. Guidelines for Investigators Proposing Human Research for Space Flight and Related Investigations. NASA Document JSC 20483, Revision B. Houston: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Johnston, R. S., and L. F. Dietlein, eds. 1977. Biomedical Results from Skylab. NASA Special Publication SP-377. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Judge, T. A., and J. E. Bono. 2000. Five-factor model of personality and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology 85:751–765. Kabanoff, B. 1980. Work and non-work: a review of models, methods, and findings. Psychological Bulletin 88:60–77. Kanas, N. 1991. Psychological support for cosmonauts. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 62:353–355. Kane, R. L., and G. G. Kay. 1992. Computerized assessment in neuropsychology: a review of tests and test batteries. Neuropsychology Review 3:1–17. Keller, C., J. Brimacombe, M. Giampalmo, A. Kleinsasser, A. Loeckinger, and G. Giampalmo. 2000. Airway management during spaceflight: a comparison of four airway devices in simulated microgravity. Anesthesiology 92(5):1237–1241. Keller, T. 1999. Images of the familiar: individual differences and implicit leadership theories. Leadership Quarterly 10(4):589–607. Kelley, A. D., and N. Kanas. 1992. Crewmember communication in space: a survey of 

REFERENCES 231 astronauts and cosmonauts. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 63:721– 726. Kelley, A. D., and N. Kanas. 1994. Leisure time activities in space: a survey of astronauts and cosmonauts. Acta Astronautica 6:451–457. Kelly, T., R. Taylor, S. Heishman, and D. Crouch. 1998. Performance measures of behavioral impairment in applied settings. In: Handbook on Drug Abuse. S. B. Karch, ed. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. Kennaway, D. J., and C. F. Van Dorp. 1991. Free-running rhythms of melatonin, cortisol, electrolytes and sleep in humans in Antarctica. American Journal of Physiology 260:R1137– R1144. Kimzey, S. L., C. L. Fischer, P. C. Johnson, S. E. Ritzmann, and C. E. Mengel. 1975. Hematology and immunology studies. In: Biomedical Results of Apollo. R. S. Johnston, L. F. Dietlein, and C. A. Berry, eds. NASA Special Publication 368. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kimzey, S. L., and P. C. Johnson. 1977. Hematological and immunological studies. In: The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Medical Report. A. E. Nicogossian, ed. NASA Special Publication 411. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kirkpatrick, A. W., M. R. Campbell, O. L. Novinkov, I. B. Goncharov, and I. V. Kovachevich. 1997. Blunt trauma and operative care in microgravity: a review of microgravity physiology and surgical investigations with implications for critical care and operative treatment in space. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 184(5):441–453. Kirsch, K. A., L. Rocker, O. H. Gauer, R. Krause, C. Leach, H. J. Wicke, and R. Landry. 1984. Venous pressure in man during weightlessness. Science 225(4658):218–219. Korolev, I. N., and N. Z. Zagorskaia. 1996. The effect of infrared laser radiation of different frequencies on the healing of skin wounds. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Kult 3:8–10. Koros, A. S. 1991a. Crewmember Evaluation of Vibration on STS-40/SLS-1. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Koros, A. S. 1991b. Objective and Subjective Measures of Noise on STS-40/SLS-1. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Koros, A. S., S. C. Adam, and C. D. Wheelwright. 1993. A human factors evaluation: noise and its effects on shuttle crewmembers during STS-50/USML-1. NASA Technical Memorandum 104775. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Koslovskaya, I. B., V. A. Barmin, V. I. Stepantsov, and N. M. Kharitinov. 1990. Results of studies of motor functions in long-term spaceflights. Physiologist 33:S1–S3. Kosslyn, S. M., and O. Koenig. 1995. Wet Mind: The New Cognitive Neuroscience. New York: Free Press. Koury, M. J., and M. C. Bondurant. 1990. Erythropoietin retards DNA breakdown and prevents programmed cell death in erythroid progenitor cells. Science 248:378–381. Kraemer, K., and J. King, 1988. Computer-based systems for cooperative work and group decision making. ACM Computing Surveys 20:115–146. Lane, H. W., and D. A. Schoeller. 2000. Nutrition in Spaceflight and Weightlessness Models. Washington, D.C.: CRC Press. Lane, H. W., P. A. Whitson, L. Putcha, E. Baker, S. M. Smith, K. Stewart, R. J. Gretebeck, 

232 REFERENCES R. R. Nimmagudda, D. A. Schoeller, J. Davis-Street, R. A. Pietrzyk, D. E. DeKerlegand, C. Y. C. Pak, and D. W. A. Bourne. 1999. Regulatory physiology. In: Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project. Final Report 1989–1995. C. F. Sawin, G. R. Taylor, and W. L. Smith, eds. NASA Special Publication SP-1999-534. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lapchine, L., N. Moatti, G. Gassett, G. Richoilley, J. Templier, and R. Tixador. 1986. Antibiotic activity in space. Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research 12(12):933–938. Lattal, K. A., and M. Perone. 1998. Handbook of Research Methods in Human Operant Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Lauzon, A. M., A. R. Elliott, M. Paiva, J. B. West, and G. K. Prisk. 1998. Cardiogenic oscillation phase relationships during single-breath tests performed in microgravity. Journal of Applied Physiology 84(2):661–668. Lazarus, A. A. 2000. Multimodal replenishment. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 31(1):93–94 Leach, C. S., and P. C. Johnson. 1984. Influence of spaceflight on erythrokinetics in man. Science 225:216–218. Leach, C. S., C. P. Alfrey, W. N. Suki, J. I. Leonard, P. C. Rambaut, D. Inners, S. M. Smith, H. W. Lane, and J. M. Krauhs. 1996. Regulation of body fluid compartments during short-term space flight. Journal of Applied Physiology 81(1):105–116. Lebedev, V. 1988. Diary of a Cosmonaut: 211 Days in Space. College Station, Tex.: Phytoresource Research Information Service. LeBlanc, A., V. Schneider, L. Shackelford, S. West, V. Ogavov, A. Bakulin, and L. Veronin. 1996. Bone mineral and lean tissue loss after long duration spaceflight. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 11(Suppl. 1):S323. Lemaire, J. F., D. Heynderick, and D. N. Baker, eds. 1996. Radiation Belt Models: Models and Standards. Geophysical Monograph 97. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. Letaw, J. R., R. Silberberg, and C. H. Tsao. 1987. Radiation hazards on space missions. Nature 330(6150):709–710. Letaw, J. R., R. Silberberg, and C. H. Tsao. 1988. Galactic cosmic radiation doses to astronauts outside the magnetosphere. In: Terrestrial Space Radiation and Its Biological Effects. P. D. McCormack, C. E. Swenberg, and H. Bucker, eds. New York: Plenum. Levine, B. D., L. D. Lane, D. E. Watenpaugh, F. A. Gaffney, J. C. Buckey, and C. G. Blomqvist. 1996. Maximal exercise performance after adaptation to microgravity. Journal of Applied Physiology 81(2):686–694. Levine, R. J. 1986. Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research. New Haven: Yale University Press. Levine, R. J. 1991. Informed consent: some challenges to the universal validity of the Western model. Law, Medicine and Health Care 19(3–4):207–213. Lewin, R., and B. Regine. 2000. The Soul at Work: Embracing Complexity Science for Business Success. New York: Simon and Schuster. Lieberman, P., A. Protopappas, and B. Kanki. 1995. Speech production and cognitive deficits on Mt. Everest. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 66:857–864. Linenger, J. M. 2000. Off the Planet. New York: McGraw-Hill. 

REFERENCES 233 Lipsey, M. W. 1993. The efficacy of psychological, educational and behavioral treatment confirmation from meta-analysis. American Psychologist 48(12):1181–1209. Liu, H. 1996. Pulsed electromagnetic fields influence hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix composition without affecting molecular structure. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 4(1):63–76. Lovejoy, J. C., S. R. Smith, J. J. Zachwieja, G. A. Bray, M. M. Windhauser, P. J. Wickersham, J. D. Veldhuis, R. Tulley, and J. A. De La Bretonne. 1999. Low-dose T3 improves the bed rest model of simulated weightlessness in men and women. American Journal of Physiology 277(2):E370–E379. Luchette, F. A., A. P. Borzotta, M. A. Croce, P. A. O’Neill, D. H. Whittmann, C. D. Mullins, F. Palumbo, and M. D. Pasquale. 2000. Practice management guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic use in penetrating abdominal trauma: the EAST Practice Management Guidelines Work Group. Journal of Trauma—Injury Infection and Critical Care 48:508–518. Lugg, D. J. 1979. Appendicitis in Polar Regions. Diploma in Polar Studies Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Lugg, D. J. 2000. Antarctic medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 283(16):2082–2084. Lugg, D. J., and M. Shepanek. 1999. Space analogue studies in Antarctica. Acta Astronautica 44(7):693–699. Mandel, I. D. 1996. Caries prevention: current strategies, new directions. Journal of the American Dental Association 127:1477–1488. Mandel, I. D. 2000. Dental Caries: Initiation, Progression and Prevention. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, April 17, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Maniscalco-Theberge, M. E., and D. C. Elliott. 1999. Virtual reality, robotics, and other wizardy in 21st century trauma care. Surgical Clinics of North America 79:1241– 1248. Manzey, D., and B. Lorenz. 1998. Performance during short-term and long-term spaceflight. Brain Research Reviews 28(1):215–221. Manzey, D., T. B. Lorenz, H. Heuers, and J. Sangals. 2000. Impairments of manual tracking performance during spaceflight: more converging evidence from a 20-day space mission. Ergonomics 43(5):589–609. Markham, C. H., and S. G. Diamond. 1999. Otolith-ocular torsion is modified in novel g states. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Markowitz, S. 1992. The role of surveillance in occupational health. In: Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2nd ed. W. N. Rom, ed. Boston: Little Brown. Marshburn, T. 2000a. Pathophysiology of Long-Duration Spaceflight. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 22, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Marshburn, T. 2000b. Phase 1/Mir Clinical Experience. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 22, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Maruyama, M. 1978. Settlements in space. In: Handbook of Future Research. J. Fowles, ed. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 

234 REFERENCES McCarter, F. D., F. A. Luchette, M. Molloy, J. M. Hurst, K. Davis, Jr., J. A. Johannigman, S. B. Frame, and J. E. Fischer. 2000. Institutional and individual learning curves for focused abdominal ultrasound for trauma: cumulative sum analysis. Annals of Surgery 231:689–700. McCuaig, K. 1992. Aseptic technique in microgravity. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics 175(5):466–476. McGrath, J. 1984. Groups: Interaction and Performance. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice- Hall. McGrath, J. 1997. Small group research, that once and future field: an interpretation of the past with an eye to the future. Group Dynamics 1(1):7–27. McGrath, J., and I. Altman. 1966. Small Group Research: A Synthesis and Critique of the Field. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Mehta, S. K., S. K. Mishra, and D. L. Pierson. 1996. Evaluation of three portable samplers for monitoring airborne fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62(5):1835– 1838. Meleshko, G. I., Y. Y. Shepelev, M. M. Averner, and T. Volk. 1994. Biological life support systems, p. 383. In: Space Biology and Medicine, Vol. II. Life Support and Habitability. A. E. Nicogossian, S. R. Mohler, O. G. Gazenko, and A. I. Grigoryev, eds. Washington, D.C.: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Moscow: Nauka Press. Menasche, A., and R. J. Levine. 1995. FDA revises informed consent regulations for emergency research. IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research 17(5–6):19–22. Mikhailov, V. M., Y. D. Pometov, and V. A. Andretsov. 1984. LBNP training of crew members of the Saliut-6 orbital station. Kosmicheskaia Biologiia Aviakosmicheskaia Meditsina 18(6):29–33. Miller, F. J., D. T. Ahola, P. A. Bretzman, and D. J. Fillmore. 1997. Percutaneous management of hepatic abscess: a perspective by interventional radiologists. Journal of Vascular Intervention and Radiology 8(2):241–247. Monk, T. H., D. J. Buysse, B. D. Billy, K. S. Kennedy, and L. M. Willrich. 1998. Sleep and circadian rhythms in four orbiting astronauts. Journal of Biological Rhythms 13:188– 201. Montgomery, R. S., and S. E. Wilson. 1996. Intraabdominal abscesses: image-guided diagnosis and therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 23(1):28–36. Mount, F. E., and T. Foley. 1999. Assessment of human factors. In: Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project. Final Report 1989–1995. C. F. Sawin, G. R. Taylor, and W. L. Smith, eds. NASA Special Publication SP-1999-534. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Mount, M. K., M. R. Barrisck, and G. L. Stewart. 1998. Five-factor model of personality and performance in jobs involving interpersonal interactions. Human Performance 11:145–165. Mullington, J., D. Hermann, F. Holsboer, and T. Pollmacher. 1996. Age-dependent suppression of nocturnal growth hormone levels during sleep deprivation. Neuroendocrinology 64(3):233–241. Mulvihill, K. 1999. Zipping up: a substitute for stitches and staples. The New York Times, December 28, page 6. Mundt, C. 1999. Biotelemetry. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical 

REFERENCES 235 Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Murphy, L. R. 1996. Stress management in work settings: a critical review of the health effects. American Journal of Health Promotion 11(2):112–135. Nakamoto, D. A., and J. R. Haaga. 1995. Percutaneous drainage of postoperative and intra-abdominal abscesses and collections. In: Current Techniques in Interventional Radiology. C. Cope, ed. Philadelphia: Current Medicine. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). 1990. Mission Operation Directorate. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA. 1997. Task Force on Countermeasures: Final Report. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA. 1998a. Astronaut Medical Evaluation Requirements Document, Appendix B. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA. 1998b. Clinical Care Capability Development Project. JSC No. 28358. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA. 1999. Medical Informatics and Telemedicine for Space Flight Workshop Report, November 9–10. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA. 2000a. Astronaut Physical Training and Rehabilitation Research Workshop Report, September 14–15. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA. 2000b. Medical care during spaceflight: Views of physician astronauts. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, July 27, Woods Hole, MA. Nelson, P. D. 1964a. Similarities and differences among leaders and followers. Journal of Applied Psychology 63:161–167. Nelson, P. D. 1964b. Supervisor esteem and personnel evaluation. Applied Psychology 48:106–109. Nelson, P. D. 1965. Psychological Aspects of Antarctic Living. Unit Report No. 64-28. San Diego, Calif.: Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, U.S. Navy. Nelson, P. D. 1973. Indirect observation in groups. In: Man in Isolation and Confinement. J. E. Rasnussen ed. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co. Newman, M. G. 1997. Comparison of palmtop, computer-assisted brief cognitive behavioral treatment to cognitive behavioral treatment for panic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65(12):178–183. Nicholas, J. 1987. Small groups in orbit: group interaction and crew performance on space station. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 58:1009–1013. Nicholas, J. M., and L. W. Penwell 1995. A proposed profile of the effective leader in human spaceflight based on findings from analog environments. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 66(1):63–72. Nicogossian, A. E., and J. F. Parker, Jr. 1982. Space Physiology and Medicine. NASA Special Publication SP-447. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Nicogossian, A. E., C. L. Huntoon, and S. L. Pool. 1994. Space Physiology and Medicine. Fourth Edtion. Malvern, Pa.: Lea & Febiger. Nicogossian, A. E., C. L. Huntoon, and S. L. Pool. Space Physiology and Medicine. Fifth Edtion. In press. Nightingale, S. L. 1996. From the Food and Drug Administration: exception from 

236 REFERENCES informed consent requirements for emergency research. Journal of the American Medical Association 276(20):1632. Noy, S. 1987. Combat psychiatry: the American and Israeli experience, pp. 69–86. In: Contemporary Studies in Combat Psychiatry. G. Belenky, ed. Westort: Greenwood Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1992. Guidelines for Developing Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations of Space Station Contaminants. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. NRC. 2000. Methods for Developing Spacecraft Water Exposure Guidelines. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Office of Strategic Services. 1948. Assessment of Men. New York: Rinehart. O’Kane, R. H. 1977. Clear the Decks: The War Patrols of the U.S.S. Tang. Chicago: Rand McNally. Okumura, H., L.-H. Chen, Y. Yokoe, S. Tsutsumi, and M. Oka. 1999. CAD/CAM fabrication of occlusal splints for orthognatic surgery. Journal of Clinical Orthodontics 33(4):231–235. Oldham, J. A., T. E. Howe, T. Patterson, G. P. Smith, and R. C. Tallis. 1995. Electrotherapeutic rehabilitation of the quadriceps in elderly osteoarthritic patients: a double blind assessment of patterned neuromuscular stimulation. Clinical Rehabilitation 9(1):10–20. Palinkas, L. A. 1990. Psychosocial effects of adjustment in Antarctica: lessons for long- duration spaceflight. Journal of Spacecraft Rockets 27:471–477. Palinkas, L. A. 1992. Going to extremes: the cultural context of stress, illness and coping in Antarctica. Social Science Medicine 35:651–664. Palinkas, L. 2000a. Behavior and performance on long-duration spaceflights: evidence from analogue environments. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, 71:1–8. Palinkas, L. A. 2000b. Summary of research issues in behavior and performance in isolated and confined extreme environments. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. 71(9 Suppl.):A48–A50. Palinkas, L. A., P. Suedfeld, and G. D. Steel. 1995. Psychological functioning among members of a small polar expedition. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 50:1591–1596. Palinkas, L. A., J. C. Johnson, J. S. Boster, and M. Houseal. 1998. Longitudinal studies of behavior and performance during a winter at the South Pole. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 69(1):73–77. Palinkas, L. A., E. K. Gunderson, A. W. Holland, C. Miller, and J. C. Johnson. 2000. Predictors of behavior and performance in extreme environments: the Antarctic space analogue program. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine. 71(6):619– 625. Paloski, W.H. 2000. Countermeasure evaluation and validation project. . Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 22, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Pantalos, G. M., M. K. Sharp, S. J. Woodruff, D. S. O’Leary, R. Lorange, S. D. Everett, T. E. Bennett, and T. Shurfranz. 1998. Influence of gravity on cardiac performance. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 26(6):931–943. Pardoe, R. 1965. A ruptured intracranial aneurysm in Antarctica. The Medical Journal of Australia 1:344–350. 

REFERENCES 237 Parmet, J. L., P. Colonna-Romano, J. C. Harrow, F. Miller, J. Gonzales, and H. Rosenberg. 1998. The laryngeal mask airway reliably provides rescue ventilation in cases of unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation along with difficult mask ventilation. Anesthesia and Analgesia 87(3):661–665. Payne, D. A., S. K. Mehta, S. K. Trying, R. P. Stowe, and D. L. Pierson. 1999. Incidence of Epstein-Barr virus in astronaut saliva during space flight. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 70(12):1211–1213. Peterson, L. E., L. J. Pepper, P. B. Hamm, and S. L. Gilbert. 1993. Longitudinal study of astronaut health: mortality in the years 1959–1991. Radiation Research 133:257– 264. Pickett, E., E. Kuniholm, A. Protopappas, J. Friedman, and P. Lieberman. 1998. Selective speech motor, syntax and cognitive deficits associated with bilateral damage to the head of the caudate nucleus and the putamen: a single case study. Neuropsychologia 36:273–288. Pierson, D., J. James, D. Russo, T. Limero, S. Beck, and T. Groves. 1999. Environmental health. In: Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Project. Final Report 1989–1995. NASA Special Publication SP-1999-534. C. F. Sawin, G. R. Taylor, and W. L. Smith, eds. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pinsonneault, A., and K. Kraemer. 1990. The effects of electronic meetings on group process and outcomes: an assessment of the empirical research. European Journal of Operations Research 46:143–161. Plakhuta-Plakutina, G. I. 1977. State of spermatogenesis in rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 48(1):12–15. Pollitt, J., and K. Flynn. 1999. NASA Ames Research Center R & D Services Directorate Biomedical Systems Development. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Pool, S. 2000. The Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 22, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Power, K. G., R. J. Simpson, V. Swanson, L. A. Wallace, A. T. C. Feistner, and D. Sharp. 1990. A controlled comparison of cognitive-behavior therapy, diazepam and placebo, alone and in combination, for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 4:267–292. Pratt, D. R., S. M. Pratt, M. S. Waldrop, P. T. Barham, J. F. Ehlert, and C. A. Chrislip. 1997. Humans in large-scale, real-time networked virtual environments. Presence 6(5):547–564. President’s Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry. 1998. Quality First: Better Health Care for All Americans. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Priddy, R. E. 1985. An “acute abdomen” in Antarctica. The problems of diagnosis and management. The Medical Journal of Australia 143:108–111. Prisk, G. K., H. J. Guy, A. R. Elliott, R. A. Deutschman III, and J. B. West. 1993. Pulmonary diffusing capacity, capillary blood volume, and cardiac output during sustained microgravity. Journal of Applied Physiology 75(1):15–26. Prisk, G. K., A. R. Elliott, H. J. B. Guy, J. M. Kosonen, and J. B. West. 1995a. Pulmonary 

238 REFERENCES gas exchange and its determinants during sustained microgravity on Spacelabs SLS- 1 and SLS-2. Journal of Applied Physiology 79(4):1290–1298. Prisk, G. K., H. J. B. Guy, A. R. Elliott, M. Paiva, and J. B. West. 1995b. Ventilatory inhomogeneity determined from multiple-breath washouts during sustained microgravity on Spacelab SLS-1. Journal of Applied Physiology 78(2):597–607. Putcha, L., K. L. Berens, T. H. Marshburn, H. J. Ortega, and R. D. Billica. 1999. Pharmaceutical use by U.S. astronauts on space shuttle missions. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 70(7):705–708. Quinn, J., G. Wells, T. Sutcliffe, M. Jarmuske, J. Maw, I. Stiell, and P. Johns. 1998. Tissue adhesive versus suture wound repair at 1 year: randomized clinical trial correlating early, 3-month, and 1-year cosmetic outcome. Annals of Emergency Medicine 32:645– 649. Radloff, R.W., and R. Helmreich. 1973. Groups Under Stress: Psychological Research in Sealab II. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Rayman, R. S. 1997. An ethical dilemma. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 68(10):973. Rayman, R. S. 1998. Aerospace medicine and ethics. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 69(12):1223. Reed, H. L., E. D. Silverman, K. M. M. Shakir, R. Dons, K. D. Burman, and J. T. O’Brian. 1990. Change in serum triiodothyronine (T3) kinetics after prolonged Antarctic residence: the polar T3 syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 70:965–974. Riley, D. A., G. R. Slocum, J. L. W. Bain, F. R. Sedlak, T. E. Sowa, and J. W. Mellender. 1990. Rat hind limb unloading: soleus histochemistry, ultrastructure, and electromyography. Journal of Applied Physiology 69:58–66. Riley, D. A., S. Ellis, G. R. Slocum, F. R. Sedlak, J. L. W. Bain, B. B. Krippendorf, C. T. Lehman, M. Y. Macias, J. L. Thompson, K. Vijayan, and J. A. DeBruin. 1996. In- flight and postflight changes in skeletal muscles of SLS-1 and SLS-2 spaceflown rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 81:133–144. Rosen, J. B., and J. Schulkin. 1998. From normal fear to pathological anxiety. Psychological Review 105:325–350. Ross, J. K., J. Arendt, J. Horne, and W. Haston. 1995. Night-shift work in Antarctica: sleep characteristics and bright light treatment. Physiology and Behavior 57:1169– 1174. Sack, D. 1998. Total Atlantic Fleet Medical Evacuations from Submarines, 1993–1996. Paper presented at Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Meeting, Seattle, Wash. Sagan, C. 1980. Cosmos. New York: Random House. Salgado, J. F. 1998. Big Five personality dimensions and job performance in Army and civil occupations: a European perspective. Human Performance 11:271–278. Salthouse, T. A. 1991. Theoretical Perspectives on Cognitive Aging. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. Sampson, J. A. 1927. Peritoneal endometriosis due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 14:422. Sandal, G. M., I. M. Endresen, R. Vaernes, and H. Ursin. 1999. Personality and coping strategies during submarine missions. Military Psychology 11(4):381–404. 

REFERENCES 239 Sandal, G. M., R. Vaernes, and H. Ursin. 1995. Interpersonal relations during simulated space missions. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 66:617–624. Santy, P. A. 1994. Choosing the Right Stuff: The Psychological Selection of Astronauts and Cosmonauts. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Santy, P. A., H. Kapanka, J. R. Davis, and D. F. Stewart. 1988. Analysis of sleep on shuttle missions. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 59:1094–1097. Satava, R. M. 1997. Lest we forget the future. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 184(5):519–520. Satava, R. M., and S. B. Jones. 1998. Telepresence surgery. In: Cybersurgery. R. M. Satava, ed. New York: Wiley-Liss. Sawin, C. 2000. Countermeasure Evaluation: Extended Duration Orbiter Medical Program. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, February 23, Johnson Space Center, Houston. Schneider, V. S., A. D. LeBlanc, and L. C. Taggart. 1994. Bone and mineral metabolism. In: Space Physiology and Medicine. A. E. Nicogossian, C. L. Huntoon, and S. L. Pool, eds. Malvern, Pa.: Lea & Febiger. Schonfeld, J. 1999. Neurolab Biotelemetry System (NBS). In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Schwartz, G. E. 1979. Biofeedback and the behavioral treatment of disorders of disregulation. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 52(6):581–596. Scott, G. C., J. G. Letourneau, J. M. Berman, and T. R. Beidle. 1997. Drainage of abdominal abscesses. In: Interventional Radiology, Vol. 2. W. R. Castaneda-Zuniga, ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. Scott, R. B., R. W. TeLinde, and L. R. Wharton. 1953. Further studies on experimental endometriosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 66:1082. Seddon, R., K. Baldwin, J. Hays, A. LeBlanc, E. Baker, B. Brody, R. Jennings, S. Mark, G. Sonnenfeld, and R. Weller. 1999. Gender-Related Issues in Space Flight Research and Health Care. In: Enabling a Broader Segment of the Population to Explore, Live, and Work in Space in the 21st Century. National Space Biomedical Research Institute Workshop Report. An Element of NSBRI Project 99-4 (Cooperative Agreement NCC 9-58). Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Sells, S., and E. Gunderson. 1972. A social-system approach to long-duration missions. In: Human Factors in Long-Duration Spaceflight. D. B. Lindsley, ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. Shapiro, D., and G. E. Schwartz. 1972. Biofeedback and visceral learning: clinical applications. Seminars in Psychiatry 4(2):171–184. Shuler, F. W., C. N. Newman, P. B. Angood, J. G. Tucker, and G. W. Lucas. 1996. Nonoperative management for intra-abdominal abscesses. The American Surgeon 62(3):218–222. Sidell, F. R., E. T. Takafuji, and D. R. Franz, eds. 1991. Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Surgeon General, TMM Publications. Silverthorne, C. 2001. Leadership effectiveness and personality: a cross cultural evaluation. Personality & Individual Differences 30(2):303–309. 

240 REFERENCES Simanonok, K. E., and J. B. Charles. 1994. Space sickness and fluid shifts: a hypothesis. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 34:652–663. Singer, A. J., J. E. Hollander, and J. V. Quinn. 1997. Evaluation and management of traumatic lacerations. New England Journal of Medicine 337(16):1142–1148. Singer, P., and C. Vann. 1975. Extraterrestrial communities—cultural, legal, political and ethical considerations. In: Cultures Beyond. M. Maruyama and A. Harkins, eds. New York: Vintage Books. Smith, S. M., M. E. Wastney, B. V. Morukov, I. L. Larina, L. E. Nyquist, S. A. Abrams, E. N. Taran, C. Y. Shi, J. L. Nillen, J. E. Davis-Street, B. L. Rice, and H. W. Lane. 1999. Calcium metabolism before, during, and after a 3-mo spaceflight: kinetic and biochemical changes. American Journal of Physiology 277(1 Pt 2):R1–R10. Socrates 1952. Phaedo, translated by Benjamin Jowett, in the Dialogues of Plato, Vol. 7, Plato. In: Great Books of the Western World. R. M. Hutchins, editor-in-chief, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, pp. 247-248. SSB (Space Studies Board) and NRC (National Research Council). 1987. A Strategy for Space Biology and Medical Science for the 1980s and 1990s. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. SSB and NRC. 1996. Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. SSB and NRC. 1998a. A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. SSB and NRC. 1998b. Bone physiology. In: A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. SSB and NRC. 1998c. Cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. In: A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. SSB and NRC. 1998d. Radiation hazards. In: A Strategy for Research in Space Biology and Medicine in the New Century. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. SSB and NRC. 2000a. Radiation and the International Space Station. Recommendations to Reduce Risk. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. SSB and NRC. 2000b. Review of NASA’s Biomedical Research Program. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Stein, T. P., M. J. Leskiw, M. D. Schluter, M. R. Donaldson, and I. Larina. 1996. Protein kinetics during and after long term space flight on Mir. American Journal of Physiology 276(39):1014–1021. Stein, T. P., M. J. Leskiw, M. D. Schluter, R. W. Hoyt, H. W. Lane, R. E. Gretebeck, and A. D. LeBlanc. 1999. Energy expenditure and balance during space flight on the shuttle: the LMS mission. American Journal of Physiology 276(45):R1739–R1748. Sternberg, R. J. 2000. The holy grail of general intelligence. Science 289:399–401. Stogatz, S. H., R. E. Kronauer, and C. A. Czeisler. 1987. Circadian pacemaker interferes with sleep onset at specific times each day: role in insomnia. American Journal of Physiology 253:R172–R178. Strollo, F. 1999. Hormonal changes in humans during spaceflight. Advances in Space Biology and Medicine 7:99–129. Stuster, J. 1986. Space Station Habitability Recommendations Based on a Systematic Comparative Analysis of Analogous Conditions. NASA-CR-3943. Moffett Field, Calif.: NASA Ames Research Center. 

REFERENCES 241 Stuster, J. 1996. Bold Endeavours: Lessons from Polar and Space Exploration. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. Sullivan, P., and P. J. Gormley. 1999. The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions Health Register. In: Proceedings of the National Centre for Classification in Health, 6th Annual Conference. H. K. Peasley, ed. Lidcombe: Australia. National Centre for Classification in Health . Sullivan, P., P. J. Gormly, D. J. Lugg, and D. J. Watts. 1991. The Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions Health Register: Three years of operation. In: Circumpolar Health 90. B. Postl, ed. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: University of Manitoba Press. Taggar, S., R. Hackett, and S. Saha. 1999. Leadership emergence in autonomous work teams: antecedents and outcomes. Personnel Psychology 52(4):899–926. Tansey, W. A., J. M. Wilson, and K. E. Schaefer. 1979. Analysis of health data from 10 years of Polaris submarine patrols. Undersea Biomedical Research, Submarine Supplement 6:S217–S246. Taylor, A. J. W. 1987. Antarctic Psychology. Wellington, New Zealand: Science Publishing Centre. Taylor, A. J. W. 1991. The research program of the International Biomedical Expedition (IBEA) to the Antarctic and its implication for research in outer space. In: From Antarctica to Outer Space: Life in Isolation and Confinement. A. A. Harrison, Y. A. Clearwater, and C. P. McKay, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag. Taylor, D. M., and P. J. Gormly. 1997. Emergency medicine in Antarctica. Emergency Medicine 9:237–245. Thomas, T. L., T. I. Hooper, M. Camarca, J. Murray, D. Sack, D. Mole, R. T. Spiro, W. G. Horn, and F. C. Garland. 2000. A method for monitoring the health of U.S. Navy submarine crewmembers during periods of isolation. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 71(7):699–705. Thornton, W. E., T. P. Moore, and S. L. Pool. 1987. Fluid shifts in weightlessness. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 58(9 Suppl. Pt 2):A86–A90. Tietze, K. J., and L. Putcha. 1994. Factors affecting drug bioavailability in space. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 34:671–676. Tigranjan, R. A., H. Haase, N. F. Kalita, V. M. Ivanov, E. A. Pavlova, B. V. Afonin, L. I. Voronin, and G. Jarsumbeck. 1982. Results of endocrinologic studies of the 3rd international crew of the scientific orbital station complex; Soyuz 29-Salyut 6-Soyuz 31 (joint space flight enterprise of the USSR-GDR). 2. Hormones and biologically active substances in blood. Endokrinologie 80(1):37–41. Tingate, T. R., D. J. Lugg, H. K. Muller, R. P. Stowe, and D. L. Pierson. 1997. Antarctic isolation: immune and viral studies. Immunology and Cell Biology 75:275–283. Truog, R. D., W. M. Robinson, A. Randolph, and A. Morris. 1999. Is informed consent always necessary in randomized controlled trials? New England Journal of Medicine 340(10):804–807. Turkel, S. 1995. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, pp. 103–124. New York: Simon and Schuster. UHSC (University Health System Consortium). 1999. Fibrin Sealants. Oak Brook, Ill.: Clinical Practice Advancement Center, University Health System Consortium. Vico, L., P. Collet, A. Guignandon, M. Lafage-Proust, T. Thomas, and M. Rehailia. 2000. 

242 REFERENCES Effects of long-term microgravity exposure on cancellous and cortical weight- bearing bones of cosmonauts. The Lancet 355(9215):1607–1611. Vinograd, S. P. 1974. Studies of Social Group Dynamics Under Isolated Conditions. Objective Summary of the Literature as It Relates to Potential Problems of Long Duration Space Flight. NASA-CR-2496. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Walton, K., C. Heffernan, D. Sulica, and L. Benavides. 1997. Changes in gravity influence rat postnatal motor system development: from simulation to spaceflight. Gravitation and Space Biology Bulletin 10:111–118. Weigelt, J. A., and S. Faro. 1998. Antimicrobial therapy for surgical prophylaxis and for intra-abdominal and gynecologic infections. American Journal of Surgery 176:1S–3S. Weizenbaum, J. 1966. A Computer Program for the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man and Machine. Communications of the Association of Computing Machinery 9:36–45. Weizenbaum, J. 1979. Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgement to Calculation. New York: Freeman. West, J. B., A. R. Elliott, H. J. B. Guy, and G. K. Prisk. 1997. Pulmonary function in space. Journal of the American Medical Association 277(24):1957–1961. West, O. 2001. Climbing Everest: Risking Death for a View From the Top. The New York Times, June 24, p. 8.11 Weybrew, B. 1991. Thirty years of research on submarines. In: From Antarctica to Outer Space: Life in Isolation and Confinement. A. A. Harrison, Y. A. Clearwater, and C. P. McKay, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag. Wheatcroft, M. 1989. Effects of simulated Skylab missions on the oral health of astronauts. The Journal of the Greater Houston Dental Society 61(5):7. Widrick, J. J., and R. H. Fitts. 1997. Peak force and maximal shortening velocity of soleus fibers after non-weight-bearing and resistance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 82(1):189–195. Wilken, D. D. 1969. Significant Medical Experiences Aboard Polaris Submarines: A Review of 360 Patrols During the Period 1963–1967. Report No. 560. Washington, D.C.: Naval Submarine Medical Research Library. Williams, E. 1974. Behavioral technology and behavioral ecology. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 7:151–165. Williams, R. 2000. Multinational Medical Policy Board. Presentation to the Institute of Medicine Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit, October 26, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C. Wirth, O., P. Chase, and K. Munson. 2000. Experimental analysis of human vocal behavior: applications of speech recognition technology. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 74:363–375. Wolpe, J. 1958. Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. Wood, J. A., D. J. Lugg, D. J. Eksuzian, S. J. Hysong, and D. L. Harm. 1999. Psychological changes in 100-day remote Antarctic field groups. Environment and Behavior 31:299–337. Wright, K., M. E. Jewett, E. Klerman, R. Kronauer, and C. Czeisler. 1999. Circadian entrainment, sleep-wake regulation and neurobehavioral performance under the simulated lighting conditions of long-duration space missions. In: Proceedings of the 

REFERENCES 243 First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Wroblicka, T. J., and E. Kuligowska. 1998. One-step needle aspiration and lavage for the treatment of abdominal and pelvic abscesses. American Journal of Roentgenology 170(5):1197–1203. Yost, B. 1999. Life Sciences Division Spaceflight Hardware. In: Proceedings of the First Biennial Space Biomedical Investigators’ Workshop, January 11–13. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Zimmerman, B. J., C. Lindberg, and P. E. Plsek. 1998. Edgware: Complexity Resources for Healthcare Leaders. Dallas: VHA Publications.