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Broadband: Bringing Home the Bits (2002)

Chapter: D Biographies of Committee Members

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Suggested Citation:"D Biographies of Committee Members." National Research Council. 2002. Broadband: Bringing Home the Bits. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10235.
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D Biographies of Committee Members Nikil Jayant, Chair, is the John Pippin Chair in Wireless Systems in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Georgia Institute of Technology, founding director of the Georgia Tech Broadband Institute, and executive director of GCATT, the Georgia Centers for Advanced Tele- communications Technology. Earlier at Bell Laboratories, Dr. Jayant created and managed the Signal Processing Research Department, the Advanced Audio Technology Department, and the Multimedia Commu- nications Research Laboratory. Contributions from these organizations include the definition of unified structures for signal processing and com- puting, the invention of new technology for high-density magnetic re- cording, the creation of the 16-kbps CCITT (Consultative Committee on International Telephony and Telegraphy) international standard for net- work telephony, channel equalization and data coding technologies for the IS54 North American Digital Cellular standard, coding and transmis- sion methodologies for voiceband videotelephony and high-definition television, the establishment of perceptual coding as a definitive criterion for low-bit-rate coding of audiovisual signals, and the development of a digital audio broadcast system as potential future technology for CD- quality radio broadcasting in the United States. More recent contributions include software for text-to-speech synthesis, automatic speech recogni- tion, and natural language dialog; software for Internet communication of speech, music, and video signals; and multimedia systems for messaging and the human-computer interface. Dr. Jayant has published more than 100 papers, written a number of books, and has been granted more than 309

310 APPENDIX D 20 patents. Businesses created by Dr. Jayant’s research and leadership span several segments in audiovisual and data communications. Dr. Jayant has received several honors, including the Alfred Hay Gold Medal (for the best student in communication engineering, Indian Institute of Science, 1965), the IEEE Browder J. Thompson Memorial Prize Award (for the best IEEE publication by an author under thirty years of age, 1974), the Industry Paper Award from the Institution of Electrical and Telecom- munication Engineers (India, 1990), the IEEE Donald G. Fink Prize Paper Award (for the best tutorial paper in an IEEE publication, 1995), and the 1997 Lucent Patent Recognition Award. Dr. Jayant was inducted into the New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame for his contributions to the reduction of noise in communication systems and is a fellow of the IEEE and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Dr. Jayant serves on the advisory board of NTT-DoCoMo-USA and is a co-founder and chief scientist of EGTechnology, which creates software solutions for last-mile multimedia. Dr. Jayant received his PhD in Electrical Communication Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, in 1970. James A. Chiddix is president of the Interactive Personal Video Group at AOL Time Warner. The IPV Group is headquartered in New York City and is chartered with the development of a new broadband video service to be delivered to the company’s millions of digital cable subscribers. The service will provide an array of server-based products, ranging from ac- cess to a large library of video on an on-demand basis, to personal video recorder access and storage of live programming. It also will provide highly targeted advertising delivery. For the last 15 years, Mr. Chiddix has served as senior vice president and chief technical officer for Time Warner Cable, headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, and its predeces- sor companies. Mr. Chiddix has been deeply involved in the introduction of virtually every new cable technology since the mid-seventies. He played a pioneering role in exploring the use of broadband optical fiber technology in cable television systems, which led to the universally adopted Hybrid Fiber Coax network architecture for cable systems. In 1994, he accepted, on behalf of Time Warner Cable, an Engineering Emmy Award for this work. He led the upgrade of Time Warner’s Queens, New York, system to 150 channels (1-GHz bandwidth), and was the architect of Time Warner’s Full Service Network interactive television trial in Or- lando, Florida. Mr. Chiddix has been in the cable television business for 30 years. He spent 15 years in a variety of operating positions with two cable companies in Hawaii. He was also founder and president of CRC Electronics, Inc., in Honolulu, which manufactured videotape playback, automated delay, and random-access commercial insertion systems. CRC was sold to Texscan in 1981. In 1986, he joined Time Warner Cable’s

APPENDIX D 311 corporate office. He also served for 8 years on the board of directors of CV-21, a cable television company in Fukuoka, Japan. Mr. Chiddix is a senior member and former director of the Society of Cable Television Engineers, a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and a member of the Cable Pioneers. Mr. Chiddix is a member of the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board. Mr. Chiddix currently serves on the committee studying broadband access and helped produce the CSTB report The Unpredictable Certainty: Information Infra- structure Through 2000. John M. Cioffi, BSEE, 1978, Illinois; PhDEE, 1984, Stanford; Bell Labora- tories, 1978-1984; IBM Research, 1984-1986; EE prof., Stanford, 1986- present. Cioffi founded Amati Com. Corp. in 1991 (purchased by TI in 1997) and was officer/director from 1991 to 1997. He currently is on the boards or advisory boards of BigBand Networks, Coppercom, GoDigital, Ikanos, Ionospan, Ishoni, IteX, Jubilant, Marvell, Kestrel, Charter Ven- tures, and Portview Ventures and is a member of the U.S. National Re- search Council’s CSTB. Cioffi’s specific interests are in the area of high- performance digital transmission. He has received various awards: member, National Academy of Engineering 2001; IEEE Kobayashi Medal (2001), IEEE Millennium Medal (2000), IEEE fellow (1996), IEE JJ Tomson Medal (2000), 1999 University of Illinois Oustanding Alumnus, 1991 IEEE Comm. Mag. best paper; 1995 ANSI T1 Outstanding Achievement Award; and NSF Presidential Investigator (1987-1992). Cioffi has published over 200 papers and holds over 40 patents, most of which are widely licensed, including basic patents on DMT, VDSL, and vectored transmission. David D. Clark is a senior research scientist at MIT’s Laboratory for Computer Science, where he is currently in charge of the Advanced Net- work Architecture group. Dr. Clark’s research interests include networks, network protocols, operating systems, distributed systems, and computer and communications security. After receiving his Ph.D., he worked on the early stages of the ARPANET and on the development of token ring local area network technology. Since the mid-1970s, Dr. Clark has been in- volved in the development of the Internet. In the period 1981 to 1989, he acted as chief protocol architect for this development and chaired the Internet Activities Board. His current research area is protocols and archi- tectures for very large and very high speed networks. Specific activities include extensions to the Internet to support real-time traffic, explicit allo- cation of service, pricing and new network technologies. In the security area, Dr. Clark participated in the early development of the multilevel secure Multics operating system. He developed an information security model that stresses integrity of data rather than disclosure control.

312 APPENDIX D Dr. Clark is a fellow of the ACM and the IEEE and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He received the ACM SIGCOMM award, the IEEE award in international communications, and the IEEE Hamming Award for his work on the Internet. He is a consultant to a number of companies and serves on a number of technical advisory boards. Dr. Clark is currently the chair of the Computer Science and Tele- communications Board. He chaired the committee that produced the CSTB report Computers at Risk: Safe Computing in the Information Age. He also served on the committees that produced the CSTB reports Toward a Na- tional Research Network, Realizing the Information Future: The Internet and Beyond, and The Unpredictable Certainty: Information Infrastructure Through 2000. Dr. Clark graduated from Swarthmore College in 1966 and received his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1973. Paul Green recently retired as director of Optical Networking Technol- ogy at Tellabs in Hawthorne, New York. He joined Tellabs in January 1997 after many years at IBM Research, and before that, at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. At Lincoln he developed the first operational spread spec- trum system (1953), coinvented the first channel-adaptive receiver (Rake, 1958), invented planetary range-doppler mapping (1960), and worked on large digital seismic arrays for computerized discrimination between earthquakes and nuclear explosions. At IBM, his team pioneered peer networking, which later became standard in IBM’s System Network Ar- chitecture. He initiated the WDM optical networking program there, which is credited with the first operational all-optical network (Rainbow- 1 of 1991) and the first commercial WDM product, the IBM Muxmaster (1995). At Tellabs, his interests center on all-optical crossconnects, the key building block of all-optical networking. Dr. Green received the IEEE Simon Ramo Medal in 1991, the Association of Computing Machinery’s Annual Communication Award in 1994, and a number of IBM patent awards. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He has been president of both the IEEE Information Theory Society and the IEEE Communication Society. Kevin Kahn is an Intel Fellow, the corporation’s highest technical posi- tion, and currently the director of the Wireless Technology Lab, a corpo- rate advanced development and research lab in Intel’s Corporate Tech- nology Group. Additionally, he helps drive communications strategies and policy for the corporation and coordinates a variety of cross-corpo- rate networking research. Some of his primary current focuses are broad- band access to the home, home networking, wireless LANs, and Internet issues bearing on these topics. Throughout his 25-year career with Intel, he has worked in system software development, operating systems, pro-

APPENDIX D 313 cessor architecture, and various strategic planning roles on programs in- volving most of the processors Intel has developed during the period. He has held both management and senior individual contributor roles. He was the co-chair of the Universal ADSL Working Group, an industry alliance dedicated to accelerating the deployment of consumer ADSL ser- vices for higher speed Internet access, and served as a member of the Board of Directors of the DSL Forum. He serves on a variety of NSF and NAS committees and panels, and is a member of the FCC Technical Advi- sory Committee. He holds a B.Sc. in mathematics from Manhattan Col- lege, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from Purdue Uni- versity. Richard Lowenberg is a tele-community planner, environmental de- signer, media artist, and cultural activist. He has been executive director of the Davis Community Network and Yolo Area Regional Network in California since 1996. In this position he has been a consultant to the California Smart Communities Project and was principal coordinator of “WaterWorks,” an online civic decision-support project, funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CivNet program), Army Corps of Engineers, USGS National Spatial Data Infrastructure Program, and ESRI, Inc. He currently serves on the Board of the Association for Community Networking, on the Steering Committee of the Global Community Net- working Congress, and on Computer Professionals for Social Respon- sibility’s DIAC program committee. Mr. Lowenberg was founding direc- tor of the Telluride Institute and its InfoZone Program, in Colorado, from 1985 to 1996. He served on the governing board of the Colorado Ad- vanced Technology Institute’s Rural Telecommunications Project from 1994 to 1997; Web authored the 1995 U.S. Economic Development Admin- istration funded “Rural Telecommunications Investment Guide,” and was a principal participant on the 1996 NTIA-TIIAP funded “Maps for People” project. He has been and continues to be a presenter, writer, and consult- ant on “Community Networking,” “Tele-Community Development,” “Networked Economics,” and “Information Ecology” in the United States, Europe, Latin America, and Japan; and his telecommunications and com- munity development projects have received federal, state and local gov- ernment grants; university and corporate support; international media coverage and recognition. Richard Lowenberg’s media, performance, and installation art works have pioneered in the integration of art, science, technology and ecology, with a primary focus on the social implications of the “Information Revolutions.” He has received numerous grants and awards, including from the National Endowment for the Arts, and has presented exhibitions and performances internationally, including at the Whitney Museum, San Francisco Museum of Modern Arts, Kunstmuseum

314 APPENDIX D Dusseldorf, Venice Biennale, and MIT List Center for Visual Arts. Most recently he has been “Artist in Bioregional Residence,” University of Cali- fornia at Davis. Clifford Lynch has been the director of the Coalition for Networked In- formation (CNI) since July 1997. CNI, jointly sponsored by the Associa- tion of Research Libraries and Educause, includes about 200-member or- ganizations concerned with the use of information technology and networked information to enhance scholarship and intellectual produc- tivity. Prior to joining CNI, Dr. Lynch spent 18 years at the University of California Office of the President, the last 10 as director of Library Auto- mation. Dr. Lynch, who holds a Ph.D. in computer science from the Uni- versity of California, Berkeley, is an adjunct professor at Berkeley’s School of Information Management and Systems. He is a past president of the American Society for Information Science and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Information Standards Organization. Dr. Lynch currently serves on the Internet 2 Applications Council and the National Digital Preservation Strategy Ad- visory Board of the Library of Congress and was a member of the Na- tional Research Council committee that recently published The Digital Dilemma: Intellectual Property in the Information Infrastructure. Richard Metzger is partner in the law firm Lawler, Metzger & Milkman LLC in Washington, D.C. Mr. Metzger brings direct insight into federal telecommunications regulation and policy making, having served as deputy chief and subsequently chief, of the Common Carrier Bureau of the Federal Communications Commission from 1994 to 1998. In these positions, Mr. Metzger was actively involved in the FCC’s implementa- tion of the Telecommunications Act of 1996. In particular, during his tenure in the Bureau, he supervised the preparation of recommendations to the Commission on a wide range of critical issues, including rules governing interconnection, access charge reform, and universal service. Prior to joining the Commission, Mr. Metzger was a member of the law firm of Rogers and Wells, resident in the Washington, D.C. office. His areas of emphasis in private practice included telecommunications, anti- trust, and public utility regulation. Mr. Metzger is a graduate of Williams College, Phi Beta Kappa. He received a J.D. degree from Georgetown University Law Center. Elizabeth Mynatt is an assistant professor in the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology. There she directs the research pro- gram in “Everyday Computing”—examining the implications of having computation continuously present in many aspects of everyday life. In

APPENDIX D 315 home environments, Dr. Mynatt aims to enable older adults to continue living independently, through the use of future home technologies, as opposed to moving to institutional care settings. Dr. Mynatt is an interna- tionally recognized expert in the areas of ubiquitous computing and assistive technologies. Prior to her current position, she worked for 3 years at Xerox PARC—the birthplace of ubiquitous computing—along- side its inventor, Mark Weiser. Her research explored how to augment everyday places and objects with computational capabilities. She has chaired multiple conferences on computer interface technologies and au- ditory displays, published numerous articles, and is an active leader in her field. Dr. Mynatt is a Sloan Research Fellow. Her research is sup- ported by multiple grants from the National Science Foundation includ- ing a 5-year NSF CAREER award. Dr. Mynatt is the Associate Director of the Georgia Tech Graphics, Visualization and Usability (GVU) Center, and is responsible for research and educational objectives in human-com- puter interaction, including a highly regarded HCI Master’s Degree Pro- gram that bridges computing, psychology, design and communication. Dr. Mynatt received her Ph.D. in computer science at Georgia Tech under the guidance of Dr. James Foley. Her dissertation work pioneered creat- ing nonspeech auditory interfaces from graphical interfaces to enable blind computer users to work with modern computer applications. Eli M. Noam has been a professor of economics and finance at Columbia Business School since 1976. In 1990, after having served for 3 years as Commissioner with the New York State Public Service Commission, he returned to Columbia. He is the director of the Columbia Institute for Tele-Information. CITI is an independent university-based research cen- ter focusing on strategy, management, and policy issues in telecommuni- cations, computing, and electronic mass media. In addition to leading CITI’s research activities, Dr. Noam initiated the MBA concentration in the Management of Entertainment, Communications, and Media at the Business School and the Virtual Institute of Information, an independent, Web-based research facility. He has also taught at Columbia Law School and Princeton University’s Economics Department and Woodrow Wilson School. Noam has published over 19 books and 400 articles in economic journals, law reviews, and interdisciplinary journals. His books include the authored, edited, or co-authored volumes Telecommunications in Eu- rope; Television in Europe; Telecommunications Regulation: Today and To- morrow; Video Media Competition; Services in Transition: The Impact of In- formation Technology in the Service Industry; The Law of International Telecommunications in the United States; The International Market in Film and Television Programs; Telecommunications in the Pacific Basin; Private Net- works, Public Objectives; Global and Local Networks; Asymmetric Deregula-

316 APPENDIX D tion: The Dynamics of Telecommunications Policies in Europe and the United States; Telecommunications in Western Asia and the Middle East; Telecommu- nications in Latin America; Telecommunications in Africa; The New Investment Theory of Real Options and Its Implications for Telecommunications Economics; and Interconnecting the Network of Networks (Spring 2001). His forthcoming books include Media Concentration in the United States and The Dark Sides of the Internet. He has served on the editorial boards of Columbia University Press as well as of several academic journals. He was a member of the advisory boards for the federal government’s FTS-2000 telecommunica- tions network, the IRS’s computer system reorganization, and the Na- tional Computer Systems Laboratory. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He received an AB (Phi Beta Kappa), M.A., Ph.D. (Eco- nomics), and J.D. from Harvard University. Dipankar Raychaudhuri is currently a professor, Electrical and Com- puter Engineering Department, and director, WINLAB (Wireless Infor- mation Network Lab), at Rutgers University. He has previously held pro- gressively responsible corporate R&D positions in the telecom/ networking area, including chief scientist, Iospan Wireless (2000 to 2001); assistant general manager and department head, Systems Architecture, NEC USA C&C Research Laboratories (1993 to 1999); and head, Broad- band Communications Research, Sarnoff Corp. (1990 to 1992). During the period from 1995 to 1999, his research group at NEC USA developed one of the world’s first pre-commercial broadband wireless local area net- works (“WATMnet”) for use in the 5-Ghz band. His research and new technology development experience also includes VSAT networks (1984 to 1987), digital TV/HDTV (1988 to 1991), ATM/IP switching and QoS (1993 to 1997), multimedia network processor (1993 to 1995), and MIMO/ OFDM system (2000 to 2001). Dr. Raychaudhuri obtained his B.Tech (Hons) from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, in 1976 and the M.S. and Ph.D degrees from SUNY, Stony Brook, in 1978 and 1979. He is a fellow of the IEEE. Bob Rowe has been a commissioner of the Montana Public Service Com- mission since 1993. His educational credentials include a B.A. from Lewis and Clark College; a J.D. from the University of Oregon; and additional graduate work in public administration and public policy at Harvard University’s Kennedy School Executive Program. Mr. Rowe is a past presi- dent of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) and a past chair of the NARUC Telecommunications Commit- tee. He is a member of the National Regulatory Research Institute’s board of directors, the Michigan State University Institute of Public Utilities Advisory Committee, and the New Mexico State University Center for

APPENDIX D 317 Public Utilities Advisory Council. He is also a member of the Montana Food Bank Network’s board of directors and a member of the State Bar of Montana Professionalism Committee. He is past chair of the Regional Oversight Committee for US West. Before election to the Montana Public Service Commission, he was in public interest practice; was a VISTA volunteer; and was a public interest lawyer, specializing in utility law and policy; he also worked for the Montana Legal Service Association, a pri- vate nonprofit organization, and he represented a variety of community organizations in rate cases and other utility-related proceedings. He re- searched and wrote on customer-oriented utility policy for the National Consumer Center, the National Center for Appropriate Technology, and other organizations. Steven S. Wildman is director of the James H. and Mary B. Quello Center for Telecommunication Management and Law and the James H. Quello Chair of Telecommunications Studies at Michigan State University. The center, and through it his chair, is endowed, supporting broad-based and affiliation-dependent research in support of policy making. Previously, Dr. Wildman was an associate professor at Northwestern University and director of its Program in Telecommunications Science, Management, and Policy. His research interests include determinants of market structure and economic aspects of information and communication. He has served as a consultant on matters relating to broadcasting, cable television, and voice and nonvoice telecommunications. His publications include Inter- national Trade in Films and Television Programs (1988), Electronic Services Networks: A Business and Public Policy Challenge (1991), Video Economics (1992), and Making Universal Service Policy: Enhancing the Process Through Multidisciplinary Evaluation (1999). Professor Wildman received his Ph.D. from Stanford University.

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Broadband communication expands our opportunities for entertainment, e-commerce and work at home, health care, education, and even e-government. It can make the Internet more useful to more people. But it all hinges on higher capacity in the "first mile" or "last mile" that connects the user to the larger communications network. That connection is often adequate for large organizations such as universities or corporations, but enhanced connections to homes are needed to reap the full social and economic promise.

Broadband: Bringing Home the Bits provides a contemporary snapshot of technologies, strategies, and policies for improving our communications and information infrastructure. It explores the potential benefits of broadband, existing and projected demand, progress and failures in deployment, competition in the broadband industry, and costs and who pays them. Explanations of broadband's alphabet soup – HFC, DSL, FTTH, and all the rest – are included as well. The report's finding and recommendations address regulation, the roles of communities, needed research, and other aspects, including implications for the Telecommunications Act of 1996.

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