REFERENCES
Abootalebi, Ali R. 1999 Islam, Islamists, and Democracy. [Online]. Available: http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue1/jvol3no1in.html [Accessed June 26, 2002].
Alam, Shah 2000 Conservatives, Liberals and the Struggle Over Iranian Politics. [Online]. Available: http://www.ciaonet.org/olj/sa/sa_jun00als01.html [Accessed June 26, 2002].
Arquilla, John, and David Ronfeldt 2001 Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
Auda, Gehad 1994 The “normalization” of the Islamic movement in Egypt from the 1970’s to the early 1990’s. In Accounting for Fundamentalisms: The Dynamic Character of Movements, M. Marty and R.S. Appleby (eds.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bandura, Albert 1998 Mechanisms of moral disengagement. Pp. 161-191 in Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, Walter Reich (ed.). Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Boulby, Marion 1999 The Muslim Brotherhood and the Kings of Jordan, 1945-1993. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
Chung, Chien-peng 2002 China’s “war on terror.” Foreign Affairs 81(4): 8-12.
Crenshaw, Martha 1997 Unintended consequences: How democracies respond to terrorism. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 21:2, Summer/Fall:153-60.
1999 How terrorism ends. Pp. 2-4 in Special Report: How Terrorism Ends. Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace.
Dekmejian, R. Hrair 1995 Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab World. 2nd ed. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Donahue, Laura K. 2001 “In the Name of National Security: U.S. Counterterrorist Measures, 1960-2000.” BCSIA Discussion Paper 2001-6, ESDP Discussion Paper ESDP-2001-04, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.
Erickson, Bonnie 1981 Secret societies and social structures. Social Forces 60(1):188-210
Ferracuti, Franco 1998 Ideology and repentance: Terrorism in Italy. Pp. 59-64 in Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, Walter Reich (ed.) Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Guenena, Nemat 1986 The “Jihad”: An Islamic alternative in Egypt. Cairo Papers in Social Science, Vol. 9, Monograph 2 (Summer).
Gurr, Ted 1998 Terrorism in democracies: Its social and political bases. Pp. 86-102 in Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, Walter Reich (ed.). Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Hamzeh, A. Nizar 1997 Islamism in Lebanon: A Guide. [Online]. Available: http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1997/issue3/jvol1no3in.html [Accessed June 26, 2002].
Hoffman, Bruce 1998 Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press.
2001 All you need is love. Atlantic Monthly [Online]. Available: http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/12/hoffman.htm [Accessed February 13, 2002].
Ibrahim, Saad Eddin 1980 Anatomy of Egypt’s militant Islamic groups: Methodological note and preliminary findings. International Journal of Middle East Studies 12(4):423-453 (December).
2002 Egypt, Islam, and Democracy. Cairo, Egypt: American University in Cairo Press.
International Crisis Group 2002 The IMU and the Hizb-ut-Tahir: Implications of the Afghanistan Campaign. ICG Asia Briefing Paper, Osh/Brussels, 30 January.
Kellen, Konrad 1979 Terrorists—What are They Like? How Some Terrorists Describe Their World and Actions. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
Kepel, Gilles 2002 Jihad: The trail of political Islam. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kleiman, Mark A.R. 1992 Against Excess: Drug Policy for Results. New York: Basic Books.
Krueger, Alan and Jitka Maleckova 2002 Does poverty cause terrorism? New Republic 226(24):27-34.
Lewis, Bernard 2002 What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Library of Congress 1999 The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? Report prepared under an interagency agreement by the Federal Research Division, Hudson, Rex. Washington, DC: Library of Congress. [Online]. Available: http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Sociology-Psychology%20of%20Terrorism.htm [Accessed: June 26, 2002]
Lofland, John 1966 Doomsday Cult: A Study of Conversion, Proselytization, and Maintenance of Faith . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce 1996 The Islamic challenge in North Africa. Terrorism and Political Violence 8(2):171-188 (Summer).
McCauley, Clark In press Psychological issues in understanding terrorism and the response to terrorism in The Psychology of Terrorism, Christopher Stout (ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing.
2002 Understanding the 9/11 perpetrators: Crazy, lost in hate, or martyred? In History Behind the Headlines, Vol. 5, N. Matuszak (ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Publishing Group.
McDaniel, Timothy 1988 Autocracy, Capitalism, and Revolution in Russia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Nagin, Daniel S. 1998 Criminal deterrence research at the outset of the twenty-first century. Crime and Justice: A Review of Research 23:1-42.
National Research Council 2002 Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism. Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
In press Terrorism: Perspectives from the Behavioral and Social Sciences. Neil Smelser and Faith Mitchell, eds. Panel on Behavioral, Social, and Institutional Issues. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Pape, Robert A. 1996 Bombing to Win. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Pillar, Paul R. 2001 Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press.
Pollack, Kenneth 2001 Anti-Americanism and the Roots of Middle Eastern Terrorism. Working paper, Council on Foreign Relations, online at: http://www.ciaonet.org/newfrm.html [Accessed, Aug. 13, 2002].
Post, Jerrold M. 1998 Terrorist psycho-logic: Terrorist behavior as a product of psychological forces. Pp. 25-40 in Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Theologies, States of Mind, Walter Reich (ed.). Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
2001 The Mind of the Terrorist: Individual and Group Psychology of Terrorist Behavior. Testimony prepared for Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities, Senate Armed Services Committee, Nov. 15, 2001.
Post, Jerrold M., Keven G. Ruby, and Eric D. Shaw 2002 The radical group in context: 1. An integrated framework for the analysis of group risk for terrorism. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 25(2):73-100
Schelling, Thomas C. 1984 Choice and Consequence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
1966 Arms and Influence. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Schmid, Alex P., A.J. Jongman, M. Stohl 1988 Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories and Literature. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
Shah-Kazemi, Reza 1995 Crisis in Chechnia: Russian Imperialism, Chechen Nationalism, Militant Sufism. London: Islamic World Report.
Shuja, Sharif 2001 Islam and the West: From discord to understanding. Contemporary Review 278:257-263.
Sivan, Emmanuel 1997 Why Radical Muslims Aren’t Taking Over Governments. [Online]. Available: http://www.meforum.org/meq/dec97/toc.shtml [Accessed June 26, 2002].
Skinner, G.W. 1992 Family Process and Political Process in Modern Chinese History. Seek a Loyal Subject in a Filial Son: Family Roots of Political Orientation in Chinese Society. Sponsored by the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica; Department of History, University of California, Davis; Chian Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange, Taipeh, Republic of China.
Snow, David, E.B. Rochford, Jr., S. Worden, and R. Benford 1986 Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review 51:464-481.
Sprinzak, Ehud 1998 From Theory to Practice: Developing Early Warning Indicators for Terrorism. Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace.
2001 The lone gunmen: The global war on terrorism faces a new brand of enemy . Foreign Policy 127:72-73.
Stout, Christopher (ed.) In press The Psychology of Terrorism. Westport CT: Greenwood Press.
Sulloway, Frank 1996 Born to Rebel. New York: Pantheon.
United Nations Development Programme 2002 Arab Human Development Report 2002. [Online] Available: http://www.undp.org/ [Accessed July 18, 2002].
Wickham, Carrie R. 1996 Islamic mobilization and political change: The Islamic trend in Egypt’s professional associations. Pp.120-135 in Political Islam, J. Beinin and J. Stork (eds.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wieviorka, Michel 1993 The Making of Terrorism, translated by D.G. White. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wiktorowicz, Quintan 2001 The Management of Islamic Activism: Salafis, the Muslim Brotherhood, and State Power in Jordan. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Winner, Andrew C. 2002 Coalitions and Coercive Diplomacy, dissertation accepted by the Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland.