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Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope (2003)

Chapter: Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope." National Research Council. 2003. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10639.
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Page 234
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope." National Research Council. 2003. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10639.
×
Page 235
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope." National Research Council. 2003. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10639.
×
Page 236
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope." National Research Council. 2003. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10639.
×
Page 237
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope." National Research Council. 2003. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10639.
×
Page 238
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope." National Research Council. 2003. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10639.
×
Page 239
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope." National Research Council. 2003. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10639.
×
Page 240
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North Slope." National Research Council. 2003. Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10639.
×
Page 241

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Appendix Legal Framework for Activities on State Lands on the North SIope' iSOURCE: Final Best Interest Finding, Beaufort Sea Areawide, Appendix B. 234

APPENDIX I Appendix B: Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production, and Transportation Appendix B: Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production, and Transportation Alaska Statutes and Administrative Code Sections ADNR AS 38.05.027 Management of legislatively designated state game refuges and critical habitat areas is the co-responsibility of ADF&G (AS 16.20.050-060) and ADNR. Lessees are required to obtain permits from both ADNR and ADF&G. AS 38.35.010-260 Right-of-way leasing for pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas is under the control of the commissioner of ADNR. The commissioner shall not delegate the authority to execute the leases. AS 38.05.127 Provides for reservation of easements to ensure free access to navigable or public water. 11 AAC 53.330 Implementing regulations for the reserving of easements to ensure free access to navigable or public water. 11 AAC 83.158(a) A plan of operations must be approved by the commissioner, ADNR, if (1) state owns all or a part of the surface estate, (2) lease reserves a net profit share to the state, (3) state owns all or part of the mineral estate, but the surface estate is owned by a party other than the state, and the surface owner requests such a plan. 11 AAC 96.010 Operations requiring permits, including the use of explosives and explosive devices, except firearms. 11 AAC 96.140 Land use activities are subject to general stipulations that will minimize surface damage or disturbance of drainage systems, vegetation, or fish and wildlife resources. ADNR/DO&G AS 38.05.035(a)~9~(C) Requires geological and geophysical data to be kept confidential upon request of supplier. AS 38.05.130 Allows the director, DO&G, to approve oil and gas exploration and development activities in the case where the surface estate is not held by the state or is otherwise subject to third party interests, provided the director determines that adequate compensation has been made to the surface estate holder for any damages which may be caused by lease activities. AS 38.05.180 Establishes an oil and gas leasing program to provide for orderly exploration and development of petroleum resources belonging to the state of Alaska. Final Best Interest Finding, Beaufort Sea Areawide B-1 235

236 APPENDIX I Appendix B: Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production, and Transportation 11 AAC 96.010-150 Geophysical Exploration Permit provides controls over activities on state lands in order to minimize adverse activities ADNR/DL AS 38.05.075 Establishes leasing procedures under public auction, including tide and submerged lands, bidding qualifications, and competitive or non-competitive bidding methods. AS 38.05.850 Authorizes the director to issue permits, rights-of-way or easements on state land for recovery of minerals from adjacent land under valid lease. 11 AAC 80.005-055 Pipeline Right-of-way Leasing Regulations. 11 AAC 93.040-130 Requires a Water Rights Permit for the appropriation of state waters for beneficial uses. 11 AAC 96.010-140 Land use permit activities not permitted by a multiple land use permit or lease operations approval. ADNR/ DMWM 11 AAC 93.210-220 Provides for temporary water use permits and procedures for application. ADNR/DF AS 41.17.082 Alaska Forest Resources Practices Act. Requires that all forest clearing operations and silvicultural systems be designed to reduce the likelihood of increased insect infestation and disease infections that threaten forest resources. 11 AAC 95.195 Describes the approved methods of disposal or treatment of downed spruce trees to minimize the spread of bark beetles and reduce the risk of wildfire. 11 AAC 95.220 Requires the lessee to file a detailed plan of operations with the state forester. ADF&G AS 16.05.840 AS 16.05.870 AS 16.20 A permit is required from ADF&G prior to obstruction of fish passage. Provides for the protection of anadromous fish and game in connection with construction or work in the beds of specified water bodies, and calls for approval of plans by the commissioner, ADF&G, for any diversion, obstruction, change, or pollution of these water bodies. Management of legislatively designated game refuges and critical habitat areas. AS 16.20.060 The commissioner, ADF&G, may require submission of plans for the anticipated use, construction work, and proper protection of fish and game. Written approval must be obtained. AS 16.20.180-210 Requires measures for the continued conservation, protection, restoration, and propagation of endangered fish and wildlife. 5 AAC 95.010-990 Fish and Game Habitat Authority. Final Best Interest Finding, Beaufort Sea Areawide B-2

APPENDIX I 237 Appendix B: Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production, and Transportation 5 AAC 95.420-430 Requires a Special Area Permit for certain activities within a special area, defined as a state game refuge, a state game sanctuary, or a state fish and game critical habitat area. AOGCC AS 31.05.005 Establishes and empowers the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission. AS 31.05.030(d)~9) Requires an oil and gas operator to file and obtain approval of a plan of development and operation. AS 46.03.900~35) Definition of waters. AS 46.03.100 Accumulation, storage, transportation and disposal of solid or liquid waste standards and limitations. 20 AAC 25.005-570 Requires a permit to drill to help maintain regulatory control over the drilling and completion activities in the state. 20 AAC 25.140 Requires a Water Well Authorization to allow abandoned oil and gas wells to be converted to freshwater wells and to assure there is no contamination of the fresh water source. ADEC AS 46.03 Provides for environmental conservation including water and air pollution control, radiation and hazardous waste protection. AS 46.03.100 Requires solid waste disposal permits. AS 46.03.759 Establishes the maximum liability for discharge of crude oil at $500 million. AS 46.03.900~35) Definition of waters. AS 46.04.010-900 Oil and Hazardous Substance Pollution Control Act. This act prohibits the discharge of oil or any other hazardous substances unless specifically authorized by permit; requires those responsible for spills to undertake cleanup operations; and holds violators liable for unlimited cleanup costs and damages as well as civil and criminal penalties. AS 46.04.030 Requires lessees to provide oil discharge prevention and contingency plans (C-plans). Also, provides regulation of above-ground storage facilities with over 5,000 bbl of crude oil or 10,000 bbl of non-crude oil. AS 46.04.050 Exemption for above-ground storage facilities for under 5,000 bbl of crude oil or 10,000 of non-crude oil. 18 AAC 15 Requires a Certificate of Reasonable Assurance (Water Quality Certification) in order to protect the waters of the state from becoming polluted. Assures that the issuance of a Federal Permit will not conflict with Alaska's Water Quality Standards. 18 AAC 50 Provides for air quality control including permit requirements, permit review criteria, and regulation compliance criteria. Final Best Interest Finding, Beaufort Sea Areawide B-3

238 Appendix B: Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production, and Transportation 18 AAC 50.300 Sets up standards for air quality at certain facilities including oil and gas facilities at the time of construction, operation, or modification. 18 AAC 60.220 Requires proof of financial responsibility before a permit for operation of a hazardous waste disposal facility may be issued. 18 AAC 60.220-240 Requires a Solid Waste Disposal Permit to control or eliminate detrimental health, environmental, and nuisance effects of improper solid waste disposal practices and to operate a solid waste disposal facility. 18 AAC 60.520 General requirement for containment structures used for disposal of drilling wastes. 18 AAC 72 Requires a Wastewater Disposal Permit in order to prevent water pollution (and public health problems) due to unsafe wastewater disposal systems and practices. 18 AAC 75 Provides for oil and hazardous substance pollution control including oil discharge contingency plan (18 AAC 75.305-.395~. 18 AAC 75.005-025 Requirements for oil storage facilities for oil pollution prevention. 18 AAC 75.065-075 Requirements for oil storage tanks and surge tanks. 18 AAC 75.080 Facility piping requirements for oil terminal, crude oil transmission pipeline, exploration, and production facilities. DGC AS 44.19.155 Establishes and empowers the Alaska Coastal Policy Council. AS 46.40 Establishes the Alaska Coastal Management Program. 6 AAC 50 Requires the sale to be consistent with the ACMP, including approved district programs. 6 AAC 80.070(b)~3) Requires that facilities be consolidated to the extent feasible and prudent. 6 AAC 80.070(b)~10) ~ Requires that facilities be sited to the extent feasible and prudent where development will necessitate minimal site clearing, dredging, and construction. 6 AAC 80.070(b)~11) Requires that facilities be sited to the extent feasible and prudent to allow and~l2) for the free passage and movement of fish and wildlife. 6 AAC 80.130(c)~3) Requires that wetlands and tideflats be managed to assure adequate water flow, avoid adverse effects on natural drainage patterns, and the destruction of important habitat. 6 AAC 85 Establishes guidelines for district coastal management programs. AS 26.23.195 Establishes the State Emergency Response Commission. AS 39.50.20 Establishes Hazardous Substance Spill Technology Review Council within State Emergency Response Commission for research, testing spill technologies, and to serve as a clearinghouse for containment and cleanup technology. Final Best Interest Finding, Beaufort Sea Areawide B-4 APPENDIX ~

APPENDIX I Appendix B: Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production, and Transportation AS 24.20.600 NSB Citizens Oversight Council established a five-member council to serve as watchdog of state and federal agencies having responsibility for prevention of and response to oil spills, to help ensure compliance with environmental laws and regulations 19.06 - 19.70.060 North Slope Borough land management regulations, planning, and permitting powers. Federal Laws and Regulations Clean Water Act (CWA) - 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251-1387 § 1343 - Corps permit required to excavate, fill, alter, or modify the course or condition of navigable or U. S. waters. § 1344 - Discharge of Dredge and Fill Oil Spill and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan - 40 C.F.R. § 300 EPA Regulations - 40 C.F.R. § 109 - Criteria for Oil Removal Contingency Plans § 110 - Discharge of Oil § 112 - Oil Pollution Prevention. 112.7 - Guidelines for implementation of SPCC plan § 113 - Liability Limits for Small Onshore Oil Storage Facilities § 114 - Civil Penalties for Violation of Oil Pollution Regulations § 116 - Designation of Hazardous Substances § 117 - Determination of Reportable Quantities for Hazardous Substances Coast Guard Regulations - 33 C.F.R.§§ 153-157 Oil Spill Regulation § 153 - Reporting Oil Spills to Coast Guard §§ 155-156 - Vessels in Oil Transfer Operations Water Quality: EPA Regulations - 40 C.F.R. § 121 - State Certification of Activities Requiring a Federal Permit § 136 - Test Procedures for Analysis of Pollutants NPDES Permit System: EPA Regulations - 40 C.F.R. § 122 - NPDES Permit Regulations § 125 - Criteria and Standards for NPDES Permits § 129 - Toxic Pollutant Effluent Standards § 401 - General Provisions for Effluent Guidelines and Standards § 435.10-435.12 - Offshore Oil & Gas Extraction Point Source Category Ocean Dumping: EPA Regulations - 40 C.F.R. §§ 220-225, 227-228 - Ocean Dumping Regulations and Criteria Final Best Interest Finding, Beaufort Sea Areawide B-5 239

240 APPENDIX I Appendix B: Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production, and Transportation EPA Regulations - 40 C.F.R. § 230 - Discharge of Dredged or Fill Material into Navigable Waters § 231 - Disposal Site Determination Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) Regulations - 33 C.F.R. § 209 - Navigable Waters §§ 320-330 - Permit Program Regulations § 323 - Discharge of Dredge and Fill The Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act - 16 U.S.C. §§ 661-666(c) Allows comment on § 404 permit applications by USF&WS, NMFS, and EPA. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601-9675 EPA Plans - 40 C.F.R. § 300 - National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan Safe Drinking Water Act - 42 U.S.C. § 300 EPA Regulations - 40 C.F.R. § 144 - Permit Regulations for the Underground Injection Control Program § 146 - Criteria and Standards for Underground Injection Control Program § 147 - State Underground Injection Control Program Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) - 16 U.S.C. §§ 1451-1464 NOAA Regulations - 15 C.F.R. § 930 - Federal Consistency with Approved Coastal Management Programs § 931 - Coastal Energy Impact Program Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) - 42 U.S.C. §§ 6901-6991 Clean Air Act (CAA) - 42 U.S.C. §§ 7401-7642 Toxic Substances Control Act - 15 U.S.C. §§ 2601-2655 National Ocean Pollution Planning Act - 33 U.S.C. §§ 1701-1709 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) - 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321-4347 Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) Regulations - 40 C.F.R. §§ 1500-1508 - Implementing NEPA Procedures Endangered Species Act (ESA) - 16 U.S.C. §§ 1531-1543 Final Best Interest Finding, Beaufort Sea Areawide B-6

APPENDIX I 241 Appendix B: Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Oil and Gas Exploration, Development, Production, and Transportation USF&WS Regulations - 50 C.F.R. § 17 - Endangered & Threatened Species § 402 - Interagency Cooperation Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act - 16 U.S.C. §§ 661-666(c) Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act - 33 U.S.C. §§ 1401-1445 Marine Mammal Protection Act - 16 U.S.C. §§ 1361-1407 Migratory Bird Treaty Act - 16 U.S.C. §§ 703-711 National Historic Preservation Act - 16 U.S.C. § 470 Leases and Permits on Restricted Properties - 25 C.F.R. § 162 Final Best Interest Finding, Beaufort Sea Areawide B-7

Next: Appendix J: A Method of Addressing Economic Irreversibility »
Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope Get This Book
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This book identifies accumulated environmental, social and economic effects of oil and gas leasing, exploration, and production on Alaska's North Slope. Economic benefits to the region have been accompanied by effects of the roads, infrastructure and activies of oil and gas production on the terrain, plants, animals and peoples of the North Slope. While attempts by the oil industry and regulatory agencies have reduced many of the environmental effects, they have not been eliminated. The book makes recommendations for further environmental research related to environmental effects.

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