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Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2004. Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10932.
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Page 63
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2004. Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10932.
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Page 64
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2004. Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10932.
×
Page 65
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2004. Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10932.
×
Page 66
Suggested Citation:"REFERENCES." National Research Council. 2004. Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10932.
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Page 67

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References AAZV (American Association of Zoo Veterinarians). 1999. Guidelines for zoo and aquarium veterinary medical programs and veterinary hospitals. Veterinary Standards Committee: Media, Pennsylvania. AAZV (American Association of Zoo Veterinarians). 2004. Membership Directory, Allen Press (Updated 3 Feb 2004). Aherin, R.A. 1986. Human respiratory hazards associated with feeding and animal husbandry of zoo animals. Proc. Sixth Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 40-42. Aiello, S., (ed.). 1998. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 8th Ed. Whitehouse Station, NY: Merck and Co., Inc. Allen, M.E. 1981. Monitoring food intake. Proc. First Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 123-129. Amand, W. 2004. Letter to the Committee on the Review of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Zoological Park, January 12, from Wilbur Amand, Executive Director, AAZV. Auckland Regional Council. 2003. Performance measures: Annual Report 2003. Available online at http://www.arc.govt.nz/library/r11762_2.pdf [January 2004] AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association). 2003. HHS advances electronic medical record-keeping system. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. News: September 15, 2003. AZA (American Zoo and Aquarium Association). 1992. Accreditation National Zoological Park. AZA (American Zoo and Aquarium Association). 2003a. Accreditation National Zoological Park (April 4). AZA (American Zoo and Aquarium Association). 2003b. The 2004 AZA Membership Directory. AZA (American Zoo and Aquarium Association). 2003c. 2004 guide to accreditation of zoological parks and aquariums and accreditation standards. . Available online at: http://www.aza.org/Accreditation/Documents/AccredGuide.pdf [December 2003] AZA (American Zoo and Aquarium Association) Nutrition Advisory Group. 2001. Feeding program guidelines for AZA institutions. Available online at: http://www.nagonline.net/feeding_guidelines.htm [December 2003] AZA (American Zoo and Aquarium Association) Nutrition Advisory Group. 2003. Nutrition chapters. Available online at: http://www.nagonline.net/husbandry_manual_chapters.htm [December 2003] Bonoma, T, and B. Clark. 1990. Assessing mareting performance. In Marketing Management (T.V. Bonoma and T.J. Kosnik, eds) Homewood, Illinois: Ricahrd D. Irwin. Borst, G.H.A., and G.H.M. Counotte. 2002. Shortfalls using second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. J. Zoo Wildlife Med. 33:85. Braun, C., M. Brooks, A. Farmer, S. Green, A. Hunt, K. Mahan, M Maslanka, B. Nicholson, A. Renfro, P. Roberson, A. Ward, and K. Wood. 2003. Fort Worth Zoo Nutritional Services Operational Manual. Fort Worth Zoo, Texas. September 2003. Bryson, J.M. 1988. Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Guide to Stengthening and Sustaining Organizational Achievement. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass. 63

64 ANIMAL CARE AND MANAGEMENT AT THE NATIONAL ZOO: INTERIM REPORT Chairman, United States House of Representatives Committee on House Administration. 2003. Letter to United States Department of Agriculture Secretary of Agriculture, dated April 23, 2003. Citino, S.B. 2000. Design considerations for necropsy facilities: a clinician’s perspective. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Pp. 359-363. City of Philadelphia. 1997. Philadelphia Zoo Performance Audit. November 17, 1997. Office of the Controller. Available online at http://www.philadelphiacontroller.org/zoo.html [January 2004] City of Topeka. 2003. Topeka Zoo Department. Available online at http://www.topeka.org/pdf/2004ProposedBudget/171-Zoo%20Department.pdf [January 2004] Clemens, E. T. 1984. Gastrointestinal disorders of adult zoo animals. Proc. Fourth Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 88-99. Clemens, E.T. 1985. Identifying zoo mammals with special nutritional needs. Proc. Fifth Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 160-170. Coe, J.C. 2003. Steering the ark toward Eden: design for animal well-being. JAVMA :223:977-980. Cohn, J.P. 1992. Decisions at the zoo. Bioscience 42:654-659. Collins, D., and D. Powell. 1996. Applied pest control at the Woodland Park Zoo. Pp. 290 – 295 in Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. Cook, R. A. and S. Dubois. 2003. The next generation in electronic medical record keeping: the zoological information management system. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Pp. 217-218. Crissey, S.D. and K.J. Fulton. 1994. Formation of a nutrition advisory group to the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Pp. 328-330. Crissey, S.D., M.E. Allen, and D.J. Baer. 1987. Food handling and commissary procedures. Proc. Seventh Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 119-124. Crittenden, W.F., and V.L. Crittenden. 1997. Strategic planning in third-sector organizations. Journal of Managerial Issues 9:86-103. Deirenfeld, E.S. 1987. Zoo nutrition: a science coming of age. Proc. Seventh Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 104-111. Dierenfeld, E.S. 1996. Nutritional wisdom: adding the science to the art. Zoo Bio. 15:447-448. Denver Zoological Gardens. 2003. Denver Zoo’s Animal Inventory compared to Necropsy Cases since 1993, submitted November 6, 2003. Diedling, L. and J. Welfeld. 1995. The rise of the chief information officer. Hosp. Health Netw. 69(3):34,36,38. Dubois, S., K. Johnson, and B. Smith. 2003. Building better zoological information systems for zoos and aquariums. Available on-line at http://www.zims.org/ [December 2003]. Earnhardt, J., S.D. Thompson, and K. Willis. 1995. ISIS database: an evaluation of records essential for captive management. Zoo Biology 14:493-508. Earnhardt, J.M., S.D. Thompson, and G. Turner-Erfort. 1998. Standards for Data Entry and Maintenance of North American Zoo and Aquarium Animal Records Databases©, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL. Enquist, K.E., and R.J. Montali. 2003. Aluminum phosphide toxicosis in two red pandas (Ailurus fulgens fulgens). Pp. 135 – 136 in Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Fahey, 1981. Digestibility tests for evaluating nutritive value of feeds. Proc. First Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 131-139. Fowler, M.E. 1978. Toxicities in exotic and zoo animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America. 5:685-698. Fowler, M.E. 1986a. Introduction and Overview In: Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. M.E. Fowler (ed.). W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pp 4-6. Fowler, M.E. 1986b. Preventive Medicine In: Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. M.E. Fowler (ed.). W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pp 14-17. Fox, M.U. 1923. Diseases of Captive Wild Mammals and Birds, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Garnett, N. 2004. to the Committee on the Review of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Zoological Park, February 19, 2004. Gibis, B., J. Artiles, P. Corabian, K. Meiesaar, A. Koppel, P. Jacobs, P. Serrano, and D. Menon, 2001. Application of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis in the development of a health technology assessment program. Health Policy 58:27-35. Godet, M. 2000. The art of scenarios and strategic planning: tools and pitfalls. Technical Forcasting and Social Change. 65:3-22. Greer, M.C. 1998. The medical librarian as chief information officer. Bull. Med Libr. Assoc. 86(1): 88-95. Griner, L.A. 1983. Pathology of Zoo Animals. San Diego: Zoological Society of San Diego. Gummer, B. 1997. Heads it’s yes, tails it’s no: current perspectives on strategic decision making. Administration in

REFERENCES 65 Social Work. 21:73-90. Hall, M.B., A.N. Pell, and L.E. Chase. 1998. Characteristics of neutral detergent-soluble fiber fermentation by mixed ruminal microbes. Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 70:23-29. Harris, P.T. 1991. Insights and updates on veterinary medical record keeping practice. J. Am. Med Rec. Assoc. 62(1):32-35. Holland, M.K., and A.J. Robinson. 1995. The use of viral vectored immunocontraception for feral pest control in Australia. Pp. 42 – 52 in Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians/Wildlife Disease Association/American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians. East Lansing, Michigan. ISIS (International Species information System). 2004. The new ISIS mission (April 2003). Available online at http://www.isis.org/ [February 2004] James, S.B., B.L. Raphael, and R.A. Cook. 1998. Brodifacoum toxicity and treatment in a white-winged wood duck (Cairna scutulata). J. Zoo Wildlife Med. 29:324-327. Janssen, D.L. 2003. Building an effective hospital team in a zoological institution. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Conference. Pp. 233-235. Klasing, K. 1998. Comparative Avian Nutrition. New York, NY: CAB International. Larsen, R.S., M.D. Salman, S.K. Mikota, R. Isaza, R.J. Montali, and J. Triantis. 2000. Evaluation of a multiple- antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in captive elephants. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 31:291-302. Lintzernich, B.A., and A.M. Ward. 1997. Hay and pellet rations: consideration in feeding ungulates. Nutrition Advisory Group Handbook Fact Sheet 006. Available online at http://www.nagonline.net/Technical%20Papers/NAGFS00697Hay_Pellets- JONIFEB24,2002MODIFIED.pdf [January 2004] Maple, T.L. 2003. Strategic collection planning and individual animal welfare. JAVMA 223:966-969. McNamara, C. 2003. Field Guide to Nonprofit Strategic Planning and Facilitation. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Authenticity Consulting. Metro. 2000. The Oregon Zoo: Service Efforts and Accomplishments. August 2000. Office of the Auditor. Available online at http://www.metro-region.org/library_docs/auditor/zooseas.pdf [January 2004] Mikota, S.K., R.S. Larsen, and R.J. Montali. 2000. Tuberculosis in elephants in North America. Zoo Biology 19:393-403. Mikota, S.K. , L. Peddie, J. Peddie, R. Isaza, F. Dunker, G. West, W. Lindsay, R.S. Larsen, M.D. Salman, D. Chatterjee, J. Payeur, D. Whipple, C. Thoen, S. Davis, C. Sedgwick, R.J. Montali, M. Ziccardi, and J. Maslow. 2001. Epidemiology and diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in captive Asian elephants (elephas maximus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 32:1-16. Mikota, S.K. , E. L. Sargent, and G. S. Ranglack. 1994. Medical Management of the Elephant. West Bloomfield, MI: Indira Publishing House. Miller, R.E. 1995. Quarantine procedures for AZA-accredited zoological parks. Pp. 145-51 in 1995 Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians,Media, Pennsylvania. Miller, L.E., T.L. Honeycutt, P. Cowen, W.E. Morrow, and W.D. Hueston. 1994. Developing an information resources management strategy for regulatory veterinary medicine: a national imperative. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 205(8):1140-4. Miller, J. and J. Block. 1992. Animal records-keeping manual. Zoo Registrars Association. Miller, M. 2000. Preliminary evaluation of risks and benefits of a comprehensive preventive health program at Disney’s Animal Kingdom. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Conference. Pp. 426- 431. Montali, R.J., L.H. Spelman, R.C. Cambre, D. Chatterjee, and S.K. Mikota. 1998. Factors influencing interpretation of indirect testing methods for tuberculosis in elephants. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Zoo Vet. 109-12. Montali, R.J. 2003. Statement regarding professional courtesy to clinical veterinarians at NZP, submitted December 31, 2003. Morris, R.S. 1991. Information systems for animal health: objectives and components. Rev Sci Tech. 10(1):13-23. The National Tuberculosis Working Group for Zoo & Wildlife Species. 1997. Guidelines for the Control of Tuberculosis in Elephants. The National Tuberculosis Working Group for Zoo & Wildlife Species. 2000. Guidelines for the Control of Tuberculosis in Elephants. The National Tuberculosis Working Group for Zoo & Wildlife Species. 2003. Guidelines for the Control of Tuberculosis in Elephants.

66 ANIMAL CARE AND MANAGEMENT AT THE NATIONAL ZOO: INTERIM REPORT Nichols, D., and L. Stevens. Undated. Letter to NZP IACUC. Nichols, D. 2003. Response to the Committee on the review of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Zoological Park request for “copies of complaints submitted to the Zoo by the public over the last five years and documentation on the response to each”, submitted October 16, 2003. North Carolina Zoological Park. 2004. Annual Mortality Rate and On-Site Animal Collection Inventory 1993- Present, submitted January 13, 2004. NRC (National Research Council). 1977. Nutrient Requirements of Rabbits, Second Revised Edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1981. Nutrient Requirements of Goats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1982. Nutrient Requirements of Mink and Foxes, Revised Edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep, Sixth Revised Edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1989a. Nutrient Requirements of Horses, Fifth Revised Edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1989b. Alternative agriculture. National Academy Press: Washington, DC. NRC (National Research Council). 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1995. Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, Fourth Revised Edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 1996a. Ecologically Based Pest Management: New Solutions for a New Century. National Academy Press: Washington, DC. NRC (National Research Council). 1996b. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. National Academy Press: Washington, DC. NRC (National Research Council). 2000. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 2000 Update. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 2003. Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates, Second Revised Edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC (National Research Council). 2004. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Pensacola Junior College. 2004. PJC zoo animal technology online. Zoo Planning. Available online at http://itech.pjc.edu/jkaplan/zootech/Course%20Materials/deslec2.htm [January 2004]. Perth Zoo. 2003. Zoological Parks Authority annual Report 2002-2003. South Perth, Australia. Available online at http://www.perthzoo.wa.gov.au/pdf/ar03_full_report.pdf [January 2004] Plumlee, K.H. 1997. Toxicant use in the zoo environment. Zoo Wildlife Med. 58:20-27. Rohweder, D.A. 1981. Forage quality as related to animal needs and forage evaluation. First Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 283-314. Rohweder, D.A. 1986. Quality evaluation and testing of hay. Proc. Sixth Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 48-62. Siciliano, Julie I. 1997. The relationship between formal planning and performance in nonprofit organizations, Nonprofit Management and Leadership 7(4):287-403. Simmons, L. 2003. Zoo and aquarium design: playing the what-if game. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Conference. Pp. 349-353. Smithsonian Institution. 2004. Fiscal Year 2004, Budget Request to Congress. Available at http://www.si.edu/about/budget/32-NationalZoologicalPark.pdf [February 2004] Spelman, L.H. 1999. Vermin Control pp 114-120 in Zoo & Wild Animal Medicine: Current Therapy 4 (M.E. Fowler and R.E. Miller, editors). W.B. Saunders Company: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Steiner, J.R., G.M. Gross, M.C. Ruffolo, and J.J. Murray. 1994. Strategic planning in non-profits: profit from it. Administration in Social Work. 18:87-106. Stetter, M.D., J. Lehnhardt, M. Miller, S. Joseph, D. Neiffer, J. Christman, M. Weber, J. Ogden, S. Terrell, J. Kalla, D. Fontenot, G. Roles, and P. Robbins. 2003. Zoo veterinarians and curators: building a bridge between the camps. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians Annual Conference. Pp. 245-246. Stetter, M.D., B. Mangold, M. Miller, M. Weber, D. Neiffer, S. Amsel, and P. Wolff. 2000. Public viewing areas in zoo hospitals: a great opportunity for public education. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Pp. 357-358Lorenzana, 1984

REFERENCES 67 Stevens, C.E. and I.D. Hume. 1995. Comparative Physiology of theVertebrate Digestive System, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press. Stewart, L.J. 1986. Hazards associated with food preparation and storage. Proc. Sixth Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 1-4. Stewart, L.J. 1987. Well-balanced nutrition: consultants and the zoo nutritionist. Proc. Seventh Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 113-115. Teare, J.A. 1998. Automating morbidity and mortality summaries for zoos: trying to imagine the forest from cross- sections of individual trees. Proc. American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. Pp. 92-94. Ullrey, D.E. 1981. Establishing the nutrient requirements of exotic animals. Proc. First Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 39-58. Ullrey, D.E. 1987. If the diet is deficient will the animal let us know? Proc. Seventh Annual Dr. Scholl Conference on the Nutrition of Captive Wild Animals. Pp. 92. Ullrey, D.E. 1996. Skepticism and science: responsibilities of the comparative nutruitionist. Zoo Bio. 15:449-453. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 199. Animal Care resource Guide, Policy #17. Available on-line at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ac/policy/policy17.pdf [February 2004]. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2002. APHIS Fact Sheet: Animal Welfare Act. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2003. Inspection Report, conducted July 15, 2003. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2004a. Office of the general Counsel fax to the national Academies Committee on the review of the Smithsonian Institution’s National Zoological Park, dated January 13, 2004. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2004b. Inspection Report, February 3, 2004. USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 2004c. News Release: Agriculture Secretary Ann M. Veneman Announcing Additional Protection Measures to Guard Against BSE. Available on-line at http://www.usda.gov/Newsroom/0450.03.html [February 2004]. Van’t Klooster, A.T. 1999. Animal nutrition in veterinary science. Tjdschr. Diergeneeskd. 124:36-39. Van Soest, P.J., J.B. Robinson, and B.A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber , neutral detergent fiber, and non- starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. Wells, S. 2000a. Grevy's Zebra Overview. Wells, S. 2000b. Letter to Beck, B. and Hudson, M. April 12. Woodland Park Zoological Society. 2003. 2002 Annual Report to the Superintendent. May 23, 2003. Available online at http://www.zoo.org/board/ar.htm [January 2004] ZIMS (Zoological Information Management System). 2003. Access at Zoological Information Management System Project homepage available on-line at http://www.zims.org/ [November 2003]. Zoo Registrars Association. 2003. Zoo Registrar – Job Description. Available on-line at http://www.zra.homestead.com/jobdesc.html [November 2003].

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This interim report assesses issues related to animal management, husbandry, health, and care at the Smithsonian Institution's National Zoological Park. The report finds that there are shortcomings in care and management that are threatening the well-being of the animal collection and identifies the "most pressing" issues that should be addressed.

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