G
Acronyms and Abbreviations
25-(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D
ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme
ADMIT Atherosclerotic Disease Multiple Intervention Trial
AI Adequate Intake
AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
ARBITER Trial Arterial Biology for the Investigation for the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol
AREDS Age-Related Macular Degeneration Study
BP Blood pressure
CNPP Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
CRIC Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort
CRP C-reactive protein
CSFII Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals
cSHMT Cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase
C-SIDE Software that implements methods to estimate the usual intake distributions, available through Iowa State University
CVD Cardiovascular disease
DBP Diastolic blood pressure
DFE Dietary folate equivalents
DHA Docosahexaenoic acid
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
DRI Dietary Reference Intake
EAR Estimated Average Requirement
EDTA Ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid
EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid
ERS Economic Research Service
FAD Flavin-adenine dinucleotide
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
FMN Flavin mononucleotide
GI Gastrointestinal
HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
IAAB Indicator amino acid balance
IAAO Indicator amino acid oxidation
ISU Iowa State University
LDL Low-density lipoprotein
MeSH Medical Subject Heading
MTHFD1 Methyl-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1
MTHFR Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
NAP National Academies Press
NCI National Cancer Institute
NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—a survey conducted periodically by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
NHBLI National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
NIH National Institutes of Health
NYC Health Dept New York City Health Department
OPEN Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition Study
PEMT Phosphatidylethanolamin-N-methyltransferase
PLCO Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Cohort
PLS-DA Partial Least Squares for Discriminant Analysis. A multivariate inverse least squares discrimination method used to classify samples
PTH Parathyroid hormone
RAE Retinol activity equivalents
RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance
SBP Systolic blood pressure
SELECT Selenium and Vitamin E Chemoprevention Trial
SNDA School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Studies
SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism
SUVIMAX Suppléments en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioydants
TEE Total Energy Expenditure
TfR Transferrin receptor
TNF-alpha Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
WHO World Health Organization