E
Select Acronyms and Abbreviations
3D three-dimensional
AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science
ABWR advanced boiling water reactor
AC alternating current
ACA Australian Coal Association
ACEEE American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy
AECL Atomic Energy Canada Ltd.
AEF America’s Energy Future
AEO Annual Energy Outlook
AEP American Electric Power Corporation
AESO Alberta Electric System Operator
AFCI Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative
AFDC allowance for funds used during construction
AFV alternative fuel vehicle
AHAM Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers
AHTR advanced high temperature reactor
ANWR-1002 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge 1002
AISI American Iron and Steel Institute
ALA American Lung Association
Am americium
APS American Physical Society
APWR advanced pressurized water reactor
ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
ASES American Solar Energy Society
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASP alkaline surfactant polymer
AWEA American Wind Energy Association
bbl barrel
bbl/d barrel(s) per day
BCG Boston Consulting Group
BEV battery-electric vehicle
BLM U.S. Bureau of Land Management
BOF basic oxygen furnace
BOP balance of plant
BTP biomass-to-power
BTL biomass-to-liquid
Btu British thermal unit
BWR boiling water reactor
C Celsius
CAES compressed air energy storage
CAFE corporate average fuel economy
CAIDI Customer Average Interruption Duration Index
CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule
CANDU PHWR Canada deuterium uranium pressurized heavy water reactor
Caps capacitor
CAR ceramic autothermal recovery
CAREM advanced small nuclear power plant
CBTL coal-and-biomass-to-liquid
CBTP coal-and-biomass-to-power
CBFT coal-and-biomass-to-liquid fuel, Fischer-Tropsch
CBMTG coal-and-biomass-to-liquid fuel, methanol-to-gasoline
CCE cost of conserved energy
CCS carbon capture and storage
CDF core damage frequency
CEC California Energy Commission
CECA Consumer Energy Council of America
CEF Clean Energy Future, Scenarios for a (study)
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CEO chief executive officer
Cf californium
CFC chlorofluorocarbons
CFL compact fluorescent light
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CFT coal-to-liquid fuel, Fischer-Tropsch
CH4 methane
CHP combined heat and power
CI compression-ignition
Cm curium
CMTG coal-to-liquid fuel, methanol-to-gasoline
CNG compressed natural gas
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
CO2 eq carbon dioxide equivalent
COL construction and operating license
CRP Conservation Reserve Program
Cs cesium
CSP concentrating solar power
CTL coal-to-liquid fuel
CVT continuously variable transmission
CWIP construction work in progress
CZMA Coastal Zone Management Act
DBT Design Basis Threat
DC direct current
DI&C digital instrumentation and control
DME dimethyl ether
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DSM demand-side management
EAF electric-arc furnace
ECBM enhanced coal bed methane
EEB Energy Engineering Board
EEI Edison Electric Institute
EERE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
EGR enhanced gas recovery
EGS enhanced geothermal system
EHV extra-high-voltage
EIA Energy Information Administration
EIO economic input/output
EIS environmental impact statement
EISA Energy Independence and Security Act
EOR enhanced oil recovery
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPAct05 Energy Policy Act of 2005
EPR European pressurized water reactor
EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
EPRI-TAG Electric Power Research Institute—Technical Assessment Guide
ERCOT Electric Reliability Council of Texas
ESBWR economic simplified boiling-water reactor
EU European Union
EWEA European Wind Energy Association
EWIS European Wind Integration Study
F Fahrenheit
FACTS Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System
FCV fuel-cell vehicle
FEMP Federal Energy Management Program
FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FFB Federal Financing Bank
FT Fischer-Tropsch
FTBR fast thorium breeder reactor
FY fiscal year
g gram
GaAs gallium arsenide
GAO United States Government Accountability Office
GCR gas-cooled reactor
GDP gross domestic product
GE General Electric
GHG greenhouse gas
GIF Generation IV International Forum
GJ gigajoule
GNEP Global Nuclear Energy Partnership
GPS global positioning system
GREET Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (model)
GT gas turbine
Gt gigatonne
GTL gas-to-liquid
GW gigawatt
GWe gigawatt-electric
GWh gigawatt-hour
h hour
H2 hydrogen
H2O water
H2S hydrogen sulfide
HEV hybrid-electric vehicle
HFCV hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle
Hg mercury
HHV higher heating value
HLW high-level waste
HV high voltage
HVDC high-voltage direct current
Hz hertz
IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
ICE internal-combustion engine
IDST improved decision-support technology
IEA International Energy Agency
IED intelligent electronic device
IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle
IMF inert matrix fuel
INL Idaho National Laboratory
INVAP Investigaciones Aplicadas Sociedad del Estado
IOU investor-owned utility
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPP independent power producer
IRGC International Risk Governance Council
IRR internal rates of return
IPST Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology
ISFSI independent spent fuel storage installation
ISL in situ leach
ISO independent system operator
ITER International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
ITM ion transport membrane
ITS Intelligent Transportation Society
IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists
J joule
JCSP Joint Coordinated System Plan
KAERI Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute
kg kilogram
km kilometer
kV kilovolt
kW kilowatt
kWh kilowatt-hour
LAN local area network
LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
LCA life-cycle analysis
LCCR levelized capital charge rate
LCOE levelized cost of electricity
LDV light-duty vehicle
LED light-emitting diode
LES Louisiana Energy Services Limited Partnership
LFR lead-cooled fast reactor
Li-ion lithium ion
LLC limited liability corporation
LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LLW low-level waste
LNG liquefied natural gas
low-E low-emissivity
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
LWR light-water reactor
m3 cubic meter
MECS Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey
MISO Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MMS United States Minerals Management Service
MOGD methanol-to-olefins, gasoline, and diesel
MOF metal organic framework
MOX mixed-oxide
MSR molten salt reactor
MTG methanol-to-gasoline
MTU metric tons of uranium
MW megawatt
MWd megawatt-day
MWh megawatt-hour
MWe megawatt-electric
MWt megawatt-thermal
NAS National Academy of Sciences
NaS sodium-sulfur
NAE National Academy of Engineering
NBI New Buildings Institute
NDE nondestructive examination
NEAC U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee
NEI Nuclear Energy Institute
NEMS National Energy Modeling System
NERAC U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee
NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation
NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory
NGCC natural gas combined cycle
NGNP Next Generation Nuclear Plant
NGV natural gas vehicle
NiCd nickel-cadmium
NiMH nickel-metal hydride
NIOSH National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOx nitrogen oxides
Np neptunium
NPC National Petroleum Council
NPRA National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska
NPV net present value
NRC National Research Council
NRDC National Resources Defense Council
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
NSB National Science Board
NSPS National Source Performance Standards
NSR National Source Review
O2 oxygen
OCRM Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
OCS outer continental shelf
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OECD–NEA Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–Nuclear Energy Agency
O&M operation and maintenance
OMB U.S. Office of Management and Budget
OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
OTA Office of Technology Assessment
OTM oxygen transport membrane
PBMR pebble-bed modular reactor
PC pulverized coal
PEI Princeton Environmental Institute
PGC Potential Gas Committee
PHEV plug-in hybrid vehicle
PMU phasor measurement unit
PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PRA probabilistic risk assessment
PSEG Public Service Enterprise Group
PTC Federal Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit
Pu plutonium
PUC public utility commission
PUREX plutonium and uranium extraction
PURPA Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act
PV photovoltaic
PWR pressurized water reactor
quads quadrillion Btu
RAND Research and Development Corporation
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
R&D research and development
RD&D research, development, and demonstration
RFF Resources for the Future
RFS Renewable Fuel Standard
RNA ribonucleic acid
RPS renewables portfolio standard
RTO regional transmission operator
RTU remote terminal unit
SAGD steam assisted gravity drainage
SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index
SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SCWR supercritical water reactor
SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association
SERI Solar Energy Research Institute
SES superconducting energy storage
SFR sodium-cooled fast reactor
SGI Synthetic Genomics, Inc.
Shell Shell Frontier Oil and Gas, Inc.
SHGC solar heat-gain coefficient
SI spark-ignition
SiC silicon carbide
SMART system integrated modular advanced reactor
SMCRA Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act
SMES superconducting magnetic energy storage
SNF spent nuclear fuel
SNG synthetic natural gas
SO2 sulfur dioxide
SO3 sulfur trioxide
SOx sulfur oxides
S&P Standard and Poor’s
SPE Society of Petroleum Engineers
SPP Southwest Power Pool
SPS special protection schemes
Sr strontium
SSTAR small, sealed, transportable autonomous reactor
STATCOM static shunt compensator
SVC static volt-amperes reactive compensator
SWU separative work units
synfuel synthetic transportation fuel
t tonne
Tc technetium
TCE total cash expended
Tcf trillion cubic feet
TCSC thyristor-controlled series capacitor
T&D transmission and distribution
Th thorium
ThO2 thorium oxide
TLR transmission loading relief
TOU time-of-use
TPC total plant cost
TPI total plant investment
TCR total capital requirement
TRB Transportation Research Board
TRU transuranic elements
TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
TVA Tennessee Valley Authority
TWh terawatt-hour
U uranium
U3O8 triuranium octoxide
UCS Union of Concerned Scientists
UF6 uranium hexafluoride
UPS uninterruptible power supplies
UREX uranium extraction
USABC U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium
USEC U.S. Enrichment Corporation, Inc.
USEPR U.S. evoluiontary power reactor
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
USNRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
USPC ultrasupercritical pulverized coal
U-value heat-transfer coefficient
UWIG Utility Wind Integration Group
V carbon dioxide vented
VAR volt-amperes reactive
VFT variable frequency transformer
VHTR very-high-temperature reactor
VRB vanadium redox battery
VRI vehicle-to-refueling-station index
W watt
WRI World Resources Institute
WGA Western Governors’ Association
Wh watt-hour
WinDS Wind Development System
ZEBRA battery sodium nickel chloride battery
ZnBr zinc-bromine