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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2009. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12603.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2009. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12603.
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Page 138
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2009. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12603.
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Page 139
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2009. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12603.
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Page 140
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2009. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12603.
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Page 141
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2009. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12603.
×
Page 142
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2009. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12603.
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Page 143
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2009. Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12603.
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Page 144

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References AEATES (AEA Technology Engineering Services, Inc.). 2005. Calcine Bins Retrieval and Trans- fer System: Test Report. ESI Document No. 2156-6-004. January. Mooresville, NC: AEA Technology Engineering Services, Inc. Ahearne, J. 2002. High-level waste melter review. Presented at Waste Management 2002 Conference, Tucson, AZ. February 24-28. Bakari, J.M., K.M. Zied, and D.W. Seward. 2007. Development of a multi-arm mobile robot for nuclear decommissioning tasks. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 4:387–406. Barnes, A.B., D.C. Iverson, B.J. Adkins, and E. Tchemitcheff. 2008. Feasibility evaluation and retrofit plan for cold crucible induction melter deployment in the Defense Waste Processing Facility at Savannah River Site. WSRC-STI-2007-00669. Presented at Waste Management 2008 Conference, Phoenix, AZ, February 24-28. Benson, C.H., W.H. Albright, D.P. Ray, and J. Smegal. 2008. Independent Technical Review Report: Summary and Recommendations: EM Landfill Workshop, Office of Engineering and Technology (EM-20). November 21. Bernard, T.E. 1999. Heat stress and protective clothing: An emerging approach from the United States. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 43:321–327. Boyd, G. 2008. Achievements and lessons from EM’s focus areas and Environmental Reme- diation Sciences Program. Presentation to National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. Bredt, P., A.R. Felmy, P.A. Gauglitz, D. Hobbs, S. Krahn, N. Machara, M. McIlwain, B.A. Moyer, A.P. Poloski, K. Subramanian, J.D. Vienna, and B. Wilmarth. 2008. Scientific Opportunities to Reduce Risk in Nuclear Process Science. PNNL-17699. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Available at http://www.pnl.gov/main/publica- tions/external/technical_reports/PNNL-17699.pdf. Catalano, J., J.P. McKinley, J.M. Zachara, S.M. Heald, S.C. Smith, and G.E. Brown, Jr. 2006. Changes in uranium speciation through a depth sequence of contaminated Hanford sedi- ments. Environmental Science and Technology 40:2517–2524. 137

138 ADVICE ON THE DOE’S CLEANUP TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP Christensen, C.M., C.S. Musso, and S.D. Anthony. 2004. Maximizing the returns from re- search. Research-Technology Management 47(4):12–18. Clarke, J.H., M.M. MacDonell, E.D. Smith, R.J. Dunn, and W.J. Waugh. 2004. Engineered containment and control systems: Nurturing nature. Risk Analysis 24:771–779. Cook, J.R., and J.R. Fowler. 1992. Radiological Performance Assessment for the Z-Area Saltstone Disposal Facility (U). WSRC–RP–92–1360. Aiken, SC: Westinghouse Savan- nah River Company. Cosner, R.R., E.J. Hynds, A.R. Fusfeld, C.V. Loweth, C. Scouten, and R. Albright. 2007. Integrating roadmapping into technical planning. Research-Technology Management 50(6):31–48. Dalton, M. 2008. Open innovation: Best practices in leveraging external R&D. Presentation to National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap. Washington, DC, April 28. Davis, N. 2008. Liquid waste operations technology development. Presentation to National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Tech- nology Roadmap. Augusta, Georgia, January 9. Demmer, R., D. Peterman, J. Tripp, and K. Wright. 2007. Final Report: Capture and Collec- tion of Radioactive Contamination on Building Exteriors. INL/EXT-07-12845. Idaho Falls: Idaho National Laboratory. Desbats, P., H. Toubon, and G. Piolain. 2004. Status of development of remote technologies applied to COGEMA spent fuel management facilities in France. Presented at American Nuclear Society 10th International Topical Meeting on Robotics and Remote Systems for Hazardous Environments, Gainesville, FL, March 28–April 1. DOD (U.S. Department of Defense). 1999. Defense Technology Area Plan 1999 II-32, “Ad- vanced Lightweight Protection.” Available at http://www.wslfweb.org/docs/dstp2000/ DTOPDF/DTOtp.pdf. DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 1995. Estimating the Cold War Mortgage: The 1995 Baseline Environmental Management Report. DOE/EM-0232. Washington, DC: Office of Environmental Management. DOE. 1996. The 1996 Baseline Environmental Management Report. DOE/EM-0290. Wash- ington, DC: Office of Environmental Management. DOE. 1997. Linking Legacies: Connecting the Cold War Nuclear Weapons Production Pro- cesses to Their Environmental Consequences. DOE/EM-0319. Washington, DC: Office of Environmental Management. DOE. 1998a. Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure. DOE/EM-0342. Washington, DC: Of- fice of Environmental Management. DOE. 1998b. Innovative Technology Summary Report: NuFab™ Anti-Contamination Suit, Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area. DOE/EM-0354. Washington, DC: Office of Environmental Management. DOE. 2000. Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area Performance Plan. Washington, DC: DOE. DOE. 2001. Summary Data on the Radioactive Waste, Spent Nuclear Fuel, and Contaminated Media Managed by the U.S. Department of Energy. Washington, DC: DOE. DOE. 2002. A Review of the Environmental Management Program. Presented to the As- sistant Secretary for Environmental Management by the Top-to-Bottom Review Team, Washington, DC: DOE. DOE. 2004a. Evaluation of Amendments for Mending the ISRM Barrier, Technical Assistance Project #33, Final Technical Solutions Report: Washington, DC: Office of Environmental Management.

REFERENCES 139 DOE. 2004b. Mending the In Situ Redox Manipulation Barrier, Technical Assistance Proj- ect #28, Final Technical Solutions Report. Washington, DC: Office of Environmental Management. DOE. 2004c. Audit Report: Groundwater Remediation Activities at Hanford. DOE/IG-0655. Washington, DC: Office of Inspector General and Office of Audit Services DOE. 2007a. Engineering and Technology Roadmap: Reducing the Uncertainty in the EM Program. Draft. Washington, DC: DOE. DOE. 2007b. Vision 2020: The Lighting Technology Roadmap. Washington, DC: Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Available at: http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/documents/pdfs/light- ing_roadmap_compressed.pdf. DOE. 2008a. Agency Financial Report. DOE/CF-0032. November 17. Available at http:// www.cfo.doe.gov/cf1-2/2008parpilot.htm. DOE. 2008b. Engineering and Technology Roadmap: Reducing the Uncertainty in the EM Program. Washington, DC: DOE. DOE. 2009. Report to Congress: Status of Environmental Management Initiatives to Ac- celerate the Reduction in Environmental Risks and Challenges Posed by the Legacy of the Cold War. Available at http://www.em.doe.gov/pdfs/NDAA%20Report-(01-15-09)a. pdf. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2005. Workshop on Decontamination, Cleanup, and Associated Issues for Sites Contaminated with Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Materials. EPA 600/R-05/083, pp. 41–46. Available at http://www.epa.gov/NHSRC/ pubs/600r05083.pdf. EPA. 2006a. Report on the 2006 Workshop on Decontamination, Cleanup, and Associated Issues for Sites Contaminated with Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Materials, pp. 61–65. Available at http://www.epa.gov/NHSRC/pubs/600r06121.pdf. EPA. 2006b. The Technology Reference Guide for Radiologically Contaminated Surfaces. EPA-402-R-06-003. Washington, DC: Office of Air and Radiation. EPA. 2008. Site Characterization to Support Use of Monitored Natural Attenuation for Re- mediation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water. EPA/600/R-08/114. Cincinnati: National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Fink, S. 2007. Tailoring inorganic sorbents for strontium and actinides. Science at Work 1(1):12–17. Foley, T., R.G. Brown, E. Burrell, D. Del Rosso, K. Krishen, H. Moffitt, E. Orndoff, B. Santos, M. Butzer, R. Dasgupta, M. Jones, F. Herrera, and G. Vincent. 1999. Terrestrial EVA Suit = Firefighters Protective Clothing. Report 1999-01-1964. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Available at http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa. gov/20000081720_2000118148.pdf. Freese, K. 2008. Successful partnering in the federal environment. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Tech- nology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. GAO (U.S. Government Accountability Office). 2006. Nuclear Waste: DOE’s Efforts to Protect the Columbia River from Contamination Could Be Further Strengthened. GAO-06-1018. Availabile at http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d061018.pdf Gee, G.W., M. Oostrom, M.D. Freshley, M.L. Rockhold, and J.M. Zachara. 2007. Hanford Site Vadose Zone Studies: An Overview. Vadose Zone Journal 6:899–905. Griffith, A. 2008. Opportunities for leveraging resources with the Office of Nuclear Energy. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Imple- mentation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap. Washington, DC, April 28.

140 ADVICE ON THE DOE’S CLEANUP TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP Hagan, W. 2008. Radiation detection R&D for homeland security. Presentation to the Na- tional Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. Hagers, J. 2007. High Level Waste (Calcine) Disposition Project. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Tech- nology Roadmap. Idaho Falls: Idaho National Laboratory, August 29. Halada, G. P. 2006. Complementary spectroscopic techniques to model the association of contaminant uranium with structural surfaces. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 150:185–194. Hazen, T.C., B. Faybishenko, and P. Jordan. 2008. Complexity of groundwater contaminants at DOE sites. Environmental Science and Technology. In review. Honeyman, J. 2007. Hanford HLW program—Challenges to cleanup. Presentation to the Na- tional Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Richland, WA, October 31. Johnson, W. 2008. Interview with Bill Johnson, President, Washington River Protection Solu- tions, LLC. Inside Energy. October 6. Kock, A. 2008. Leveraging research related to waste incidental to reprocessing. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. Knox, A. S., R. L. Brigmon, D. I. Kaplan, and M. H. Paller. 2008. Interactions among phos- phate amendments, microbes and uranium mobility in contaminated sediments. Science of the Total Environment 395:63–71. Kuperberg, M. 2008. The Department of Energy’s Office of Science. Presentation to the Na- tional Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. Kurkumeli, A., M.I. Molokhov, O.D. Sadkovskaya, V.I. Kononov, G.B. Borisov, V.F. Savelev, and A.I. Kachurin. 1992. Use of microwave energy in reprocessing of high-level waste. Journal of Atomic Energy 73:730–734. Kwit, C., and B. Collins. 2008. Native grasses as a management alternative on vegetated closure caps. Environmental Management 41:929–936. LANL (Los Alamos National Laboratory). 2002. Synchrotron radiation studies aid envi- ronmental cleanup. Actinide Research Quarterly 1st qtr. Available at http://arq.lanl. gov/source/orgs/nmt/nmtdo/AQarchive/02spring/synchrotron.html. Mauss, B. 2007. Hanford HLW program: Challenges to cleanup. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Tech- nology Roadmap, Richland, WA, October 31. McCracken, S. 2007. Comments to the National Research Council Committee on Develop- ment and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap. Oak Ridge, TN, June 13. McLaughlin, D.F., W.R. Gass, S.V. Dighe, N.D’Amico, R.L. Swensrud, and M.F. Darr. 1994. Evaluation of Plasma Melter Technology for Vitrification of High-Sodium Content Low-Level Radioactive Liquid Wastes—Demonstration Test #4 Preliminary Test Report. WHC-SD-WM-VI-014, Rev. 0. Richland, WA: Westinghouse Hanford Company. McLaughlin, D.F., E.J. Lahoda, and M.F. Darr. 1995. Technical Information Report: Plasma Melter Operation Reliability and Maintenance Analysis. WHC-SC-WM-VI-015, Rev. 0. Richland, WA: Westinghouse Hanford Company. Merrow, E. 2000. Problems and progress in particle processing. Chemical Innovation. (January):35–41. Michener, T. 2007. M-3 mixing systems. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Richland, WA, November 1.

REFERENCES 141 Monken-Fernandes, H. 2008. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) programs for cooperation in waste management technology. Teleconference presentation to the Na- tional Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. Moyer, B.A., J.F. Birdwell, Jr., P.V. Bonnesen, and L.H. Delmau. 2005. Use of macrocycles in nuclear-waste cleanup: A real-world application of a calixcrown in technology for the separation of cesium. Pp. 383–405 in Macrocyclic Chemistry: Current Trends and Future, K. Gloe, ed.; Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Neu, M.P., D.L. Clark, S.D. Conradson, R.J. Donohoe, J.C. Gordon, D.W. Keogh, D.E. Mor- ris, R.D. Rogers, B.L. Scott, and C.D. Tait. 1999. Structure and stability of actinides (U, Np, Pu) under strongly alkaline radioactive waste tank conditions. Book of Abstracts, 218th American Chemical Society National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, August 22–26. Nielsen, C., D. Gertman, D. Bruemmer, R. Hartley, and M. Walton. 2008. Evaluating Robot Technologies as Tools to Explore Radiological Environments. INL/CON-07-13568. Presented at 12th Topical Meeting on Robotics and Remote Systems for Hazardous Environments, Albuquerque, NM , March 9–12. NRC (National Research Council). 1993. In Situ Bioremediation: When Does It Work? Wash- ington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 1994. Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC 1997a. Building an Effective Environmental Management Science Program: Final As- sessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 1997b. Innovations in Ground Water and Soil Cleanup Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 1999a. Alternative High-Level Waste Treatments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 1999b. Groundwater & Soil Cleanup: Improving Management of Persistent Contami- nants. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 1999c. Technologies for Environmental Management: The Department of Energy’s Of- fice of Science and Technology. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 2000a. Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 2000b. Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 2000c. Research Needs in Subsurface Science. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 2001a. Research and Development on a Salt Processing Alternative for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 2001b. Research Needs for High-Level Waste Stored in Tanks and Bins at U.S. Depart- ment of Energy Sites: Environmental Management Science Program. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 2001c. Research Opportunities for Deactivating and Decommissioning Department of Energy Facilities. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. NRC. 2002. Research Opportunities for Managing the Department of Energy’s Transuranic and Mixed Wastes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NRC. 2003. Improving the Scientific Basis for Managing DOE’s Excess Nuclear Materials and Spent Nuclear Fuel. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NRC. 2004. Contaminants in the Subsurface: Source Zone Assessment and Remediation. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

142 ADVICE ON THE DOE’S CLEANUP TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP NRC. 2005. Improving the Characterization and Treatment of Radioactive Wastes for the Department of Energy’s Accelerated Site Cleanup Program. Washington, DC: The Na- tional Academies Press. NRC. 2006a. Improving the Regulation and Management of Low-Activity Radioactive Wastes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NRC. 2006b. Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-Site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. NRC. 2007a. Assessment of the Performance of Engineered Waste Containment Barriers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NRC. 2007b. Plans and Practices for Groundwater Protection at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NRC. 2007c. Science and Technology Needs for DOE Site Cleanup: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. NRC. 2008. Technical and Strategic Advice for the Department of Energy, Office of Environ- mental Management’s Development of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Interim Report. Letter to Mr. Mark Gilbertson, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Engineering and Technol- ogy, Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, February 14. Phillips, E. 2007. Groundwater remediation on the Oak Ridge Reservation. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Oak Ridge, TN, June 13. PNNL (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory). 2007. Building Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s Capability Replacement Laboratory, PNNL Brochure. Available at http:// www.pnl.gov/rcf/pdf/crl_brochure2.pdf. Riotte, H., and J.-G. Nokhamzon. 2008. Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Programs for cooperation in waste manage- ment. Teleconference presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 29. Roberto, J. 2008. Oak Ridge National Laboratory overview. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Tech- nology Roadmap, Oak Ridge, TN, June 13. Rosenberger, K.H., B.C. Rogers, and R.K. Cauthen. 2005. Saltstone Performance Objective Demonstration Document (U). CBU-PIT-2005-00146, Rev. 0. Aiken, SC: Westinghouse Savannah River Company. Ruttan, V.W. 2001. Technology, Growth, and Development: An Induced Innovation Perspec- tive. New York: Oxford University Press. Scouten, C. 2008. Elements of a successful roadmap. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. Shedrow, D.M. 2008. Environmental science and biotechnology overview. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Savannah River Site, SC, January 10. Shuh, D., N. Edelstein, and C. Burns. 2002. Research Program to Investigate the Fun- damental Chemistry of Tc. EMSP-60296. Available at http://www.osti.gov/em52/ 2002projsum/73778.pdf Sink C. H., K. M. Adams, B. B. Looney, K. M. Vangelas, and N. H. Cutshall. 2004. Accel- erating environmental cleanup at DOE sites: Monitored natural attenuation/enhanced attenuation—A Basis for a new paradigm. Remediation Journal 15(1):89–98. Slowinski, G., and M.W. Sagal. 2003. The Strongest Link: Forging a Profitable and Enduring Corporate Alliance. New York: AMACOM.

REFERENCES 143 Smith, B. 2008. SERDP and ESTCP: DoD’s Corporate Environmental Technology Programs. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Imple- mentation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. Spears, T.J. 2008. Savannah River Site Waste Disposition Project. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Tech- nology Roadmap, Augusta, GA, January 9. Staubly, R., and V. Kothari. 1998. DOE EM Industry Programs Robotics Development. Report DOE/FETC/C-98/7299. Morgantown, WV: Department of Energy, Fed- eral Energy Technology Center. Available at http://www.ntis.gov/search/product. aspx?ABBR=DE98051215 Stewart, T. 2007. Challenges to cleanup: Soils and groundwater contamination. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Richland, WA, October 31. Tamosaitis, W.L. 2007. Waste Treatment Plant Project: Technical accomplishments, needs, and challenges. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Richland, WA, October 31. Thompson, M. 2007. Hanford groundwater overview—Challenges to cleanup. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Richland, WA, October 31. USNRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2005. Technical Evaluation Report for Draft Waste Determination for Salt Waste Disposal. Letter Report to Charles E. Anderson, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Environmental Management, U.S. Depart- ment of Energy, from Larry W. Camper, Director, Division of Waste Management and Environmental Protection, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, December 28. USNRC. 2008. NRC Periodic Compliance Monitoring Report for U.S. Department of En- ergy Non-High-Level-Waste Disposal Actions—Annual Report for Calendar Year 2007. NUREG-1911. Rockville, MD: USNRC. Walker, J. 2008. Opportunities to leveage other R&D activities in support of Yucca Mountain. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Imple- mentation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Washington, DC, April 28. Ward, A. 2007. Prototype Hanford surface barrrier. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap. Hanford Site Tour, Richland, WA, November 1. Wentsel, R. 2008. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) programs for science and technol- ogy. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap. Washington, DC, April 28. Whitaker, W. 2008. Area Completion Project: Soil and groundwater remediation and facili- ties deactivation and decommissioning. Presentation to the National Research Council Committee on Development and Implementation of a Cleanup Technology Roadmap, Augusta, GA, January 8.

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Beginning with the Manhattan Project and continuing through the Cold War, the United States government constructed and operated a massive industrial complex to produce and test nuclear weapons and related technologies. When the Cold War ended, most of this complex was shut down permanently or placed on standby, and the United States government began a costly, long-term effort to clean up the materials, wastes, and environmental contamination resulting from its nuclear materials production.

In 1989, Congress created the Office of Environmental Management (EM) within the Department of Energy (DOE) to manage this cleanup effort. Although EM has already made substantial progress, the scope of EM's future cleanup work is enormous.

Advice on the Department of Energy's Cleanup Technology Roadmap: Gaps and Bridges provides advice to support the development of a cleanup technology roadmap for EM. The book identifies existing technology gaps and their priorities, strategic opportunities to leverage needed research and development programs with other organizations, needed core capabilities, and infrastructure at national laboratories and EM sites that should be maintained, all of which are necessary to accomplish EM's mission.

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