B
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACB Amphibious Construction Battalion
ACC America’s Climate Choices
ANZUS Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty
AON Arctic Observing Network
AR4 Fourth Assessment Report (of IPCC)
ARG Amphibious Ready Group
ASN RDA Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development, and Acquisition
ASW antisubmarine warfare
C4ISR command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
CCSM3 Community Climate System Model version 3
CCSP Climate Change Science Program (U.S.)
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CIESIN Center for International Earth Science Information Network (Columbia University)
CNA Center for Naval Analyses
CNAS Center for a New American Security
CNMOC Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command
CNO Chief of Naval Operations
COCOM Combatant Commander
COMSUBLANT Commander, Submarine Force, Atlantic Fleet
CPC Climate Prediction Center
CRMS Center for Migration and Refugee Studies
CRS Congressional Research Service
CVI Coastal Vulnerability Index
DAMOCLES Developing Arctic Modeling and Observing Capabilities for Long-Term Environmental Studies
DESDYNI deformation, ecosystem structure, and dynamics of ice
DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
DOD Department of Defense
DOE Department of Energy
DoN Department of the Navy
DSCA defense support of civil authorities
EAF expeditionary airfield
EEZ exclusive economic zone
EHF extremely high frequency
ENSO El Niño Southern Oscillation
ESA European Space Agency
EUCOM U.S. European Command
FAO foreign area officer
FLTSAT Fleet Satellite
FNMOC Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center
FSU former Soviet Union
GBS Global Broadcast Service
GCOS Global Climate Observing System
GDP gross domestic product
GEO geosynchronous Earth orbit
GERG Geochemical and Environmental Research Group
GFCS Global Framework for Climate Services
GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GOOS Global Ocean Observing System
GPS Global Positioning System
HA/DR humanitarian assistance/disaster relief
HDOP horizontal dilution of precision
HF high frequency
HSPD Homeland Security Presidential Directive
ICSU International Council for Science
iGPS High Integrity GPS Augmentation Demonstration Program (Naval Research Laboratory)
INMARSAT International Maritime Satellite
INS inertial navigation system
IOC International Oceanographic Commission
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff
JHSV joint high-speed vessel
JHU/APL Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
LCS littoral combat ship
LEO low Earth orbit
LHA amphibious assault ship (general purpose)
LHD amphibious assault ship (multipurpose)
LIDAR light detection and ranging
LPD amphibious transport dock (ship)
MDA maritime domain awareness
MEB Marine Expeditionary Brigade
MEDEA Measurements of Earth Data for Environmental Analysis
MEO medium elliptical orbit
MEU Marine Expeditionary Unit
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MLP Mobile Landing Platform
MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer
MPF Maritime Prepositioning Force
MSC Military Sealift Command
MUOS Mobile User Objective System
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVFESC Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center
NAVOCEANO Naval Oceanographic Office
NAVSEA Naval Sea Systems Command
NEO noncombatant evacuation order
NFH Navy fleet hospital
NGO nongovernmental organization
NIC National Ice Center; National Intelligence Council
NMCB Naval Mobile Construction Battalion
NMME National Multi-Model Ensemble
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOC10 Naval Operations Concept 2010
NORPAX North Pacific Experiment
NORTHCOM U.S. Northern Command
NRC National Research Council
NRL Naval Research Laboratory
NSB Naval Studies Board
NSE Naval Support Element
NSF National Science Foundation
NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data Center
NSPD National Security Presidential Directive
OCS outer continental shelf
OECD Office of Economic Cooperation and Development
ONR Office of Naval Research
OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy
PACOM U.S. Pacific Command
PEO-Ships Program Executive Office for Ships
POM Program Objective Memorandum
QDR Quadrennial Defense Review
R&D research and development
RF radio frequency
RSR refracted-surface reflected
SACEUR Supreme Allied Commander Europe (NATO)
SAON Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks
SAP 4.1 Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.1
SAR synthetic aperture radar; search and rescue
SATCOM satellite communications
SCICEX Scientific Ice Exercise Program
SEARCH Study of Environmental Arctic Change
SERDP Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
SOFAR sound fixing and ranging
SPAWAR Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
SRES Special Report on Emissions Scenarios
SSN nuclear-powered attack submarine
SST sea surface temperature
SUBICEX submarine ice exercise
SUBPAC Submarine Force, Pacific Fleet
TEC total electron count
TFCC Task Force Climate Change (Navy)
TOPEX Ocean Topography Experiment
TOR terms of reference
UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
UCP Unified Command Plan
UHF ultrahigh frequency
UFO UHF Follow-on (Satellite)
UN United Nations
USCG United States Coast Guard
USCGC United States Coast Guard Cutter
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
USMC United States Marine Corps
UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USN United States Navy
VDOP vertical dilution of precision
VHF very high frequency
VRIM Vulnerability-Resilience Indicators Model
WAAS wide area augmentation system
WCRP World Climate Research Program
WGS Wideband Global Satcom
WHO World Health Organization
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WRS wide area ground reference station
XBT expendable bathythermograph
XCTD expendable conductivity temperature and depth