TABLE F-1 Characteristics of Doctorates in the Biomedical Sciences, 1970-2008
|
1970 |
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
1974 |
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
Total Doctorates |
2,882 |
3,132 |
3,116 |
3,135 |
3,013 |
3,085 |
3,150 |
3,050 |
3,118 |
3,212 |
3,396 |
3,356 |
3,444 |
3,338 |
3,399 |
3,313 |
3,369 |
3,465 |
3,769 |
Male |
2,420 |
2,572 |
2,530 |
2,474 |
2,340 |
2,347 |
2,424 |
2,351 |
2,311 |
2,351 |
2,440 |
2,383 |
2,417 |
2,224 |
2,315 |
2,192 |
2,197 |
2,214 |
2,377 |
Female |
462 |
560 |
586 |
661 |
673 |
738 |
726 |
699 |
807 |
861 |
956 |
973 |
1,027 |
1,114 |
1,084 |
1,121 |
1,172 |
1,251 |
1,392 |
Citzens |
2,385 |
2,591 |
2,573 |
2,582 |
2,381 |
2,556 |
2,610 |
2,528 |
2,628 |
2,738 |
2,905 |
2,898 |
2,927 |
2,854 |
2,868 |
2,727 |
2,751 |
2,670 |
2,858 |
Permanent residents |
160 |
198 |
215 |
231 |
209 |
194 |
165 |
169 |
147 |
133 |
147 |
125 |
114 |
108 |
109 |
113 |
118 |
153 |
176 |
Temporary residents |
312 |
266 |
256 |
253 |
283 |
256 |
277 |
261 |
259 |
253 |
273 |
248 |
294 |
291 |
308 |
364 |
343 |
455 |
515 |
Unknown |
25 |
77 |
72 |
69 |
140 |
79 |
98 |
92 |
84 |
88 |
71 |
85 |
109 |
85 |
114 |
109 |
157 |
187 |
220 |
Minorities |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
80 |
84 |
86 |
80 |
78 |
108 |
79 |
83 |
91 |
94 |
86 |
99 |
104 |
119 |
128 |
123 |
Postdoctoral training in U.S. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
772 |
739 |
739 |
731 |
607 |
804 |
896 |
911 |
1034 |
1048 |
1079 |
1036 |
1057 |
1025 |
1096 |
1086 |
1122 |
1196 |
1285 |
Postdoctoral research |
243 |
300 |
295 |
330 |
376 |
402 |
406 |
408 |
402 |
386 |
470 |
474 |
452 |
516 |
451 |
477 |
518 |
495 |
540 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
60 |
74 |
71 |
40 |
29 |
47 |
46 |
66 |
65 |
88 |
87 |
56 |
65 |
65 |
54 |
55 |
51 |
56 |
69 |
Other training |
70 |
67 |
110 |
125 |
139 |
165 |
167 |
114 |
117 |
174 |
175 |
193 |
234 |
201 |
190 |
157 |
160 |
173 |
179 |
Total Postdoctorates |
1,145 |
1,180 |
1,215 |
1,226 |
1,151 |
1,418 |
1,515 |
1,499 |
1,618 |
1,696 |
1,811 |
1,759 |
1,808 |
1,807 |
1,791 |
1,775 |
1,851 |
1,920 |
2,073 |
Percent planning |
56.3% |
56.6% |
59.4% |
58.9% |
60.1% |
68.0% |
70.1% |
73.4% |
75.9% |
75.3% |
76.1% |
76.1% |
76.6% |
77.2% |
78.1% |
77.7% |
79.5% |
80.2% |
80.4% |
Employment in U.S. |
839 |
854 |
790 |
812 |
719 |
633 |
615 |
525 |
496 |
544 |
546 |
541 |
534 |
514 |
479 |
489 |
457 |
453 |
483 |
Other |
48 |
49 |
42 |
44 |
44 |
33 |
31 |
19 |
19 |
12 |
23 |
11 |
19 |
21 |
23 |
20 |
21 |
20 |
22 |
Ph.D. with plans |
2,032 |
2,083 |
2,047 |
2,082 |
1,914 |
2,084 |
2,161 |
2,043 |
2,133 |
2,252 |
2,380 |
2,311 |
2,361 |
2,342 |
2,293 |
2,284 |
2,329 |
2,393 |
2,578 |
Time to degree |
6.00 |
6.00 |
6.16 |
6.17 |
6.25 |
6.17 |
6.17 |
6.17 |
6.25 |
6.25 |
6.25 |
6.33 |
6.50 |
6.67 |
6.92 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
Age at time of degree |
28.92 |
29.00 |
29.42 |
29.58 |
29.42 |
29.25 |
29.25 |
29.34 |
29.38 |
29.41 |
29.25 |
29.33 |
29.59 |
29.83 |
30.25 |
30.42 |
30.59 |
30.50 |
30.83 |
|
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
Total Doctorates |
3,793 |
3,992 |
4,294 |
4,442 |
4,794 |
4,863 |
5,079 |
5,366 |
5,459 |
5,465 |
5,340 |
5,547 |
5,397 |
5,375 |
5,412 |
5665 |
6091 |
6521 |
6798 |
7095 |
Male |
2,348 |
2,477 |
2,655 |
2,740 |
2,864 |
2,887 |
2,955 |
3,102 |
3,110 |
3,113 |
3,074 |
3,060 |
2,984 |
3,015 |
2,960 |
3075 |
3187 |
3393 |
3550 |
3584 |
Female |
1,445 |
1,515 |
1,639 |
1,702 |
1,930 |
1,976 |
2,124 |
2,264 |
2,349 |
2,352 |
2,266 |
2,478 |
2,403 |
2,358 |
2,439 |
2590 |
2896 |
3130 |
3248 |
3511 |
Citizens |
2,850 |
2,899 |
3,050 |
3,072 |
3,264 |
3,203 |
3,278 |
3,291 |
3,451 |
3,492 |
3,438 |
3,620 |
3,623 |
3,563 |
3,534 |
3728 |
3849 |
3972 |
4140 |
4339 |
Permanent Residents |
173 |
183 |
210 |
240 |
296 |
641 |
831 |
801 |
562 |
533 |
477 |
364 |
341 |
315 |
266 |
228 |
253 |
303 |
282 |
271 |
Temporary Residents |
570 |
814 |
987 |
1,078 |
1,165 |
980 |
918 |
1,173 |
1,233 |
1,213 |
1,224 |
1,336 |
1,202 |
1,222 |
1,341 |
1405 |
1644 |
1893 |
1956 |
2080 |
Unknown |
200 |
96 |
62 |
66 |
98 |
57 |
73 |
121 |
243 |
241 |
218 |
227 |
231 |
275 |
366 |
49 |
62 |
45 |
47 |
82 |
Minorities |
135 |
135 |
159 |
162 |
190 |
223 |
243 |
246 |
261 |
277 |
308 |
315 |
364 |
367 |
358 |
400 |
448 |
474 |
537 |
571 |
Postdoctoral training in U.S. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
1322 |
1336 |
1434 |
1496 |
1614 |
1577 |
1630 |
1708 |
1685 |
1682 |
1629 |
1718 |
1590 |
1655 |
1635 |
1717 |
1892 |
1977 |
1931 |
1858 |
Postdoctoral research |
511 |
593 |
592 |
629 |
662 |
685 |
684 |
696 |
674 |
743 |
679 |
653 |
645 |
634 |
664 |
731 |
767 |
778 |
986 |
981 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
54 |
58 |
71 |
63 |
76 |
89 |
79 |
87 |
65 |
52 |
63 |
124 |
81 |
82 |
146 |
41 |
33 |
49 |
27 |
35 |
Other training |
229 |
193 |
238 |
247 |
262 |
250 |
271 |
325 |
175 |
224 |
407 |
320 |
346 |
240 |
276 |
387 |
437 |
420 |
174 |
116 |
Total Postdoctorates |
2,116 |
2,180 |
2,335 |
2,435 |
2,614 |
2,601 |
2,664 |
2,816 |
2,599 |
2,701 |
2,778 |
2,815 |
2,662 |
2,611 |
2,721 |
2,876 |
3,129 |
3,224 |
3,118 |
2,990 |
Percent planning |
79.4% |
81.9% |
81.9% |
81.4% |
81.8% |
82.6% |
83.7% |
83.1% |
76.3% |
77.4% |
80.8% |
78.7% |
76.9% |
76.0% |
79.9% |
84.1% |
83.9% |
79.9% |
81.7% |
79.9% |
Employment in U.S. |
534 |
457 |
489 |
541 |
559 |
532 |
497 |
550 |
730 |
746 |
647 |
743 |
785 |
796 |
661 |
528 |
586 |
791 |
683 |
745 |
Other |
16 |
24 |
27 |
14 |
22 |
16 |
23 |
21 |
76 |
41 |
15 |
20 |
15 |
27 |
25 |
14 |
15 |
20 |
16 |
8 |
Ph.D. with plans |
2,666 |
2,661 |
2,851 |
2,990 |
3,195 |
3,149 |
3,184 |
3,387 |
3,405 |
3,488 |
3,440 |
3,578 |
3,462 |
3,434 |
3,407 |
3,418 |
3,730 |
4,035 |
3,817 |
3,743 |
Time to degree |
7.00 |
7.25 |
7.00 |
7.25 |
7.25 |
7.33 |
7.33 |
7.25 |
7.08 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
6.91 |
6.58 |
6.67 |
6.67 |
6.67 |
6.58 |
Age at time of degree |
30.92 |
31.17 |
31.08 |
31.17 |
31.17 |
31.17 |
31.25 |
31.25 |
31 |
30.92 |
30.83 |
30.91 |
30.83 |
30.67 |
30.58 |
30.5 |
30.41 |
30.41 |
30.41 |
30.41 |
SOURCE: NSF. 2008. Survey of Earned Doctorates. Washington, DC: NSF. |
TABLE F-2 Employment Characteristics of Biomedical Doctorates from U.S. Institutions, 1973-2006
|
1973 |
1975 |
1977 |
1979 |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
1987 |
Total employed in S&E |
34,367 |
39,661 |
43,411 |
48,591 |
53,357 |
56,481 |
61,810 |
65,800 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
848 |
1,124 |
1,213 |
1,405 |
1,594 |
1,597 |
1,870 |
1,973 |
|
2.5% |
2.8% |
2.8% |
2.9% |
3.0% |
2.8% |
3.0% |
3.0% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
32,095 |
37,271 |
40,526 |
45,010 |
50,285 |
53,753 |
58,840 |
62,509 |
|
93.4% |
94.0% |
93.4% |
92.6% |
94.2% |
95.2% |
95.2% |
95.0% |
Temporary residents |
793 |
777 |
1,055 |
1,645 |
503 |
331 |
473 |
581 |
|
2.3% |
2.0% |
2.4% |
3.4% |
0.9% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
0.9% |
Total academics |
23,423 |
27,219 |
29,889 |
33,188 |
36,165 |
36,797 |
39,307 |
41,027 |
|
68.2% |
68.6% |
68.9% |
68.3% |
67.8% |
65.1% |
63.6% |
62.4% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
20,138 |
22,898 |
24,572 |
26,064 |
27,868 |
28,510 |
30,454 |
31,280 |
|
58.6% |
57.7% |
56.6% |
53.6% |
52.2% |
50.5% |
49.3% |
47.5% |
Tenured faculty |
4,567 |
13,376 |
14,345 |
15,636 |
17,836 |
18,884 |
20,114 |
19,157 |
|
13.3% |
33.7% |
33.0% |
32.2% |
33.4% |
33.4% |
32.5% |
29.1% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
15,571 |
8,854 |
9,170 |
5,952 |
6,446 |
5,673 |
6,644 |
6,149 |
|
45.3% |
22.3% |
21.1% |
12.2% |
12.1% |
10.0% |
10.7% |
9.3% |
Academic postdoctorates |
1,713 |
2,615 |
3,507 |
4,358 |
4,722 |
4,405 |
4,450 |
4,784 |
|
5.0% |
6.6% |
8.1% |
9.0% |
8.8% |
7.8% |
7.2% |
7.3% |
Other academic appointments |
1,572 |
1,706 |
1,810 |
3,092 |
3,575 |
3,882 |
4,403 |
4,963 |
|
4.6% |
4.3% |
4.2% |
6.4% |
6.7% |
6.9% |
7.1% |
7.5% |
Industry (non-postdoctorate) |
4,470 |
5,273 |
5,543 |
6,286 |
7,881 |
9,589 |
11,841 |
13,366 |
|
13.0% |
13.3% |
12.8% |
12.9% |
14.8% |
17.0% |
19.2% |
20.3% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
27 |
53 |
40 |
27 |
70 |
46 |
126 |
222 |
|
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.3% |
Government (non-postdoctorate) |
3,675 |
3,785 |
3,914 |
4,449 |
4,545 |
4,843 |
5,026 |
5,725 |
|
10.7% |
9.5% |
9.0% |
9.2% |
8.5% |
8.6% |
8.1% |
8.7% |
Government postdoctorates |
156 |
245 |
336 |
327 |
286 |
444 |
373 |
529 |
|
0.5% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
0.7% |
0.5% |
0.8% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
Other sectors |
2,539 |
3,055 |
3,436 |
4,103 |
4,303 |
4,657 |
5,043 |
4,847 |
|
7.4% |
7.7% |
7.9% |
8.4% |
8.1% |
8.2% |
8.2% |
7.4% |
Doctorates w/ fed. research support |
19,841 |
22,152 |
23,884 |
26,183 |
26,640 |
29,439 |
27,377 |
38,171 |
|
57.7% |
55.9% |
55.0% |
53.9% |
49.9% |
52.1% |
44.3% |
58.0% |
|
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995 |
1997 |
1999 |
2001 |
2003 |
2006 |
Total employed in S&E |
70,593 |
71,962 |
76,449 |
79,077 |
88,481 |
95,780 |
100,224 |
97,903 |
104,585 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
2,379 |
2,833 |
2,945 |
3,352 |
3,904 |
4,721 |
5,345 |
3,338 |
3,787 |
|
3.4% |
3.9% |
3.9% |
4.2% |
4.4% |
4.9% |
5.3% |
3.4% |
3.6% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
66,944 |
68,184 |
71,599 |
72,948 |
80,826 |
85,107 |
97,126 |
94,589 |
100,350 |
|
94.8% |
94.8% |
93.7% |
92.2% |
91.3% |
88.9% |
96.9% |
96.6% |
96.0% |
Temporary residents |
884 |
945 |
1,410 |
1,251 |
1,376 |
2,680 |
3,098 |
3,314 |
4,235 |
|
1.3% |
1.3% |
1.8% |
1.6% |
1.6% |
2.8% |
3.1% |
3.4% |
4.0% |
Total academics |
43,572 |
40,581 |
45,258 |
48,622 |
53,026 |
55,682 |
57,227 |
59,150 |
61,745 |
|
61.7% |
56.4% |
59.2% |
61.5% |
59.9% |
58.1% |
57.1% |
60.4% |
59.0% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
31,862 |
28,672 |
32,180 |
33,496 |
36,122 |
36,987 |
38,299 |
40,027 |
40,223 |
|
45.1% |
39.8% |
42.1% |
42.4% |
40.8% |
38.6% |
38.2% |
40.9% |
38.5% |
Tenured faculty |
19,755 |
17,106 |
19,070 |
19,516 |
20,326 |
21,535 |
21,695 |
21,208 |
21,106 |
|
28.0% |
23.8% |
24.9% |
24.7% |
23.0% |
22.5% |
21.6% |
21.7% |
20.2% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
5,872 |
7,556 |
7,722 |
8,259 |
8,974 |
8,909 |
8,784 |
9,518 |
9,612 |
|
8.3% |
10.5% |
10.1% |
10.4% |
10.1% |
9.3% |
8.8% |
9.7% |
9.2% |
Academic postdoctorates |
5,993 |
4,819 |
6,431 |
7,701 |
9,620 |
10,145 |
9,692 |
8,777 |
11,244 |
|
8.5% |
6.7% |
8.4% |
9.7% |
10.9% |
10.6% |
9.7% |
9.0% |
10.8% |
Other academic appointments |
5,717 |
7,090 |
6,647 |
7,436 |
7,296 |
8,550 |
9,236 |
11,623 |
11,778 |
|
8.1% |
9.9% |
8.7% |
9.4% |
8.2% |
8.9% |
9.2% |
11.9% |
11.3% |
Industry (non-postdoctorate) |
15,376 |
18,309 |
19,538 |
18,949 |
21,643 |
26,216 |
28,935 |
25,869 |
28,297 |
|
21.8% |
25.4% |
25.6% |
24.0% |
24.5% |
27.4% |
28.9% |
26.4% |
27.1% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
206 |
204 |
376 |
531 |
561 |
591 |
293 |
702 |
1582 |
|
0.3% |
0.3% |
0.5% |
0.7% |
0.6% |
0.6% |
0.3% |
0.7% |
1.5% |
Government (non-postdoctorate) |
5,776 |
6,157 |
6,143 |
6,074 |
7,212 |
7,240 |
7,886 |
7,649 |
8,034 |
|
8.2% |
8.6% |
8.0% |
7.7% |
8.2% |
7.6% |
7.9% |
7.8% |
7.7% |
Government postdoctorates |
514 |
432 |
1,057 |
1,111 |
1,437 |
1,180 |
1,050 |
766 |
1,151 |
|
0.7% |
0.6% |
1.4% |
1.4% |
1.6% |
1.2% |
1.0% |
0.8% |
1.1% |
Other sectors |
5,034 |
5,984 |
4,077 |
3,790 |
4,602 |
4,871 |
4,213 |
3,759 |
3,776 |
|
7.1% |
8.3% |
5.3% |
4.8% |
5.2% |
5.1% |
4.2% |
3.8% |
3.6% |
Doctorates w/ fed. research support |
40,655 |
38,490 |
- |
31,513 |
34,678 |
41,707 |
42,012 |
43,113 |
46,428 |
|
57.6% |
53.5% |
0.0% |
39.9% |
39.2% |
43.5% |
41.9% |
44.0% |
44.4% |
SOURCE: NSF. Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 1973-2006. Washington, DC: NSF. |
TABLE F-3 Characteristics of Doctorates in the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1970-2008
|
1970 |
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
1974 |
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
Total doctorates |
2,683 |
3,094 |
3,220 |
3,433 |
3,661 |
3,835 |
4,047 |
4,098 |
4,082 |
4,120 |
4,015 |
4,339 |
4,023 |
4,263 |
4,141 |
3,964 |
3,979 |
3,988 |
3,844 |
Male |
2,079 |
2,352 |
2,391 |
2,452 |
2,549 |
2,611 |
2,733 |
2,634 |
2,554 |
2,445 |
2,315 |
2,461 |
2,240 |
2,265 |
2,087 |
1,993 |
1,962 |
1,912 |
1,749 |
Female |
604 |
742 |
829 |
981 |
1,112 |
1,224 |
1,314 |
1,464 |
1,528 |
1,675 |
1,700 |
1,878 |
1,783 |
1,998 |
2,054 |
1,971 |
2,017 |
2,076 |
2,095 |
Citizens |
2,458 |
2,812 |
2,928 |
3,128 |
3,231 |
3,461 |
3,722 |
3,724 |
3,676 |
3,728 |
3,630 |
3,935 |
3,600 |
3,799 |
3,662 |
3,487 |
3,426 |
3,352 |
3,232 |
Permanent residents |
78 |
88 |
96 |
89 |
85 |
92 |
85 |
92 |
95 |
92 |
98 |
85 |
82 |
90 |
75 |
91 |
108 |
111 |
107 |
Temporary residents |
121 |
150 |
140 |
157 |
165 |
214 |
183 |
167 |
152 |
161 |
152 |
173 |
151 |
182 |
190 |
179 |
185 |
180 |
194 |
Unknown |
26 |
44 |
56 |
59 |
180 |
68 |
57 |
115 |
159 |
139 |
135 |
146 |
190 |
192 |
214 |
207 |
260 |
345 |
312 |
Minorities |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
84 |
115 |
172 |
202 |
234 |
235 |
266 |
244 |
256 |
269 |
271 |
272 |
261 |
278 |
255 |
266 |
Postdoctoral training in U.S. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
150 |
156 |
144 |
149 |
128 |
151 |
205 |
214 |
246 |
225 |
278 |
284 |
232 |
283 |
262 |
279 |
297 |
289 |
289 |
Postdoctoral research |
44 |
43 |
48 |
53 |
61 |
64 |
53 |
67 |
77 |
80 |
69 |
96 |
80 |
75 |
64 |
79 |
85 |
112 |
109 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
17 |
33 |
23 |
25 |
34 |
46 |
32 |
45 |
70 |
55 |
67 |
69 |
55 |
66 |
65 |
69 |
70 |
48 |
52 |
Other training |
12 |
21 |
26 |
31 |
43 |
35 |
56 |
50 |
43 |
37 |
39 |
41 |
28 |
42 |
35 |
28 |
43 |
39 |
32 |
Total postdoctoral |
223 |
253 |
241 |
258 |
266 |
296 |
346 |
376 |
436 |
397 |
453 |
490 |
395 |
466 |
426 |
455 |
495 |
488 |
482 |
Percent planning |
11.4% |
11.3% |
10.8% |
10.9% |
11.1% |
11.9% |
13.4% |
14.9% |
18.0% |
15.7% |
17.8% |
17.7% |
16.3% |
18.5% |
17.5% |
19.0% |
20.1% |
20.9% |
20.4% |
Employment in U.S. |
1694 |
1942 |
1931 |
2069 |
2074 |
2134 |
2175 |
2102 |
1934 |
2094 |
2058 |
2233 |
2000 |
2008 |
1974 |
1906 |
1937 |
1815 |
1844 |
Other |
39 |
43 |
58 |
50 |
52 |
49 |
54 |
43 |
49 |
33 |
36 |
42 |
34 |
45 |
29 |
33 |
30 |
34 |
33 |
Ph.D. with plans |
1,956 |
2,238 |
2,230 |
2,377 |
2,392 |
2,479 |
2,575 |
2,521 |
2,419 |
2,524 |
2,547 |
2,765 |
2,429 |
2,519 |
2,429 |
2,394 |
2,462 |
2,337 |
2,359 |
Time to degree |
6.25 |
6.25 |
6.50 |
6.50 |
6.67 |
6.75 |
6.75 |
6.92 |
7.00 |
7.25 |
7.50 |
7.91 |
8.00 |
8.17 |
8.50 |
8.67 |
8.91 |
9.00 |
9.09 |
Age at time of degree |
29.66 |
29.58 |
29.75 |
30.08 |
30.08 |
30.25 |
30.25 |
30.58 |
30.59 |
31.16 |
31.33 |
31.92 |
32.08 |
32.5 |
32.75 |
33.08 |
33.58 |
33.75 |
34.33 |
|
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
Total doctorates |
3,975 |
4,064 |
4,087 |
4,080 |
4,289 |
4,185 |
4,162 |
4,224 |
4,371 |
4,481 |
4,466 |
4,507 |
4,230 |
4,064 |
4,139 |
4287 |
4124 |
4126 |
4213 |
4,281 |
Male |
1,796 |
1,745 |
1,624 |
1,745 |
1,720 |
1,671 |
1,606 |
1,555 |
1,565 |
1,595 |
1,596 |
1,595 |
1,475 |
1,411 |
1,411 |
1511 |
1408 |
1332 |
1332 |
1,403 |
Female |
2,179 |
2,319 |
2,463 |
2,335 |
2,569 |
2,514 |
2,556 |
2,669 |
2,806 |
2,886 |
2,870 |
2,908 |
2,751 |
2,649 |
2,724 |
2777 |
2716 |
2793 |
2881 |
2,878 |
Citizens |
3,221 |
3,497 |
3,560 |
3,490 |
3,702 |
3,623 |
3,587 |
3,644 |
3,608 |
3,757 |
3,797 |
3,821 |
3,548 |
3,400 |
3,426 |
3441 |
3370 |
3374 |
3360 |
3,454 |
Permanent residents |
95 |
107 |
124 |
132 |
146 |
155 |
177 |
170 |
151 |
142 |
119 |
135 |
114 |
113 |
97 |
97 |
116 |
113 |
116 |
124 |
Temporary residents |
244 |
267 |
296 |
334 |
329 |
311 |
303 |
307 |
292 |
315 |
265 |
310 |
276 |
265 |
323 |
332 |
350 |
359 |
376 |
399 |
Unknown |
415 |
193 |
112 |
133 |
123 |
104 |
101 |
111 |
360 |
285 |
301 |
241 |
292 |
286 |
293 |
27 |
17 |
18 |
25 |
39 |
Minorities |
267 |
320 |
339 |
321 |
349 |
340 |
394 |
419 |
428 |
494 |
534 |
545 |
537 |
544 |
553 |
551 |
523 |
571 |
543 |
633 |
Postdoctoral training in U.S. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
304 |
313 |
389 |
386 |
464 |
459 |
491 |
524 |
492 |
608 |
675 |
671 |
694 |
676 |
707 |
721 |
764 |
752 |
802 |
809 |
Postdoctoral research |
73 |
96 |
94 |
93 |
97 |
113 |
107 |
122 |
123 |
132 |
129 |
142 |
155 |
132 |
158 |
166 |
155 |
184 |
194 |
204 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
69 |
69 |
45 |
54 |
45 |
55 |
59 |
50 |
39 |
49 |
34 |
55 |
41 |
47 |
56 |
27 |
23 |
11 |
25 |
19 |
Other training |
33 |
25 |
31 |
30 |
44 |
34 |
28 |
47 |
15 |
21 |
56 |
30 |
38 |
30 |
33 |
93 |
96 |
106 |
89 |
93 |
Total Postdoctorates |
479 |
503 |
559 |
563 |
650 |
661 |
685 |
743 |
669 |
810 |
894 |
898 |
928 |
885 |
954 |
1,007 |
1,038 |
1,053 |
1,110 |
1,125 |
Percent planning |
20.1% |
20.6% |
22.6% |
23.4% |
26.6% |
27.4% |
29.8% |
31.2% |
29.7% |
33.7% |
36.0% |
33.8% |
36.1% |
35.9% |
38.7% |
42.5% |
43.1% |
41.8% |
45.5% |
46.1% |
Employment in U.S. |
1876 |
1902 |
1892 |
1810 |
1758 |
1717 |
1574 |
1601 |
1546 |
1553 |
1555 |
1713 |
1607 |
1548 |
1488 |
1336 |
1352 |
1444 |
1305 |
1296 |
other |
32 |
37 |
19 |
31 |
39 |
36 |
38 |
40 |
40 |
38 |
34 |
46 |
37 |
31 |
24 |
24 |
18 |
21 |
25 |
19 |
Ph.D. with plans |
2,387 |
2,442 |
2,470 |
2,404 |
2,447 |
2,414 |
2,297 |
2,384 |
2,255 |
2,401 |
2,483 |
2,657 |
2,572 |
2,464 |
2,466 |
2,367 |
2,408 |
2,518 |
2,440 |
2,440 |
Time to degree |
9.00 |
9.17 |
9.00 |
9.00 |
8.91 |
8.59 |
8.58 |
8.33 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
8.25 |
8.17 |
8.00 |
8.00 |
7.96 |
7.83 |
7.58 |
Age at time of degree |
34.33 |
34.42 |
34.66 |
34.67 |
34.58 |
34.17 |
34.25 |
33.83 |
33.42 |
33.24 |
33.00 |
32.84 |
32.75 |
32.75 |
32.82 |
33.00 |
32.83 |
32.75 |
32.58 |
32.42 |
SOURCE: NSF. 2008. Survey of Earned Doctorates. Washington, DC: NSF. |
TABLE F-4 Employment Characteristics of Behavioral and Social Sciences Doctorates from U.S. Institutions, 1973-2006
|
1973 |
1975 |
1977 |
1979 |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
1987 |
Total employed in S&E |
27,356 |
34,360 |
39,237 |
45,532 |
51,743 |
58,458 |
64,616 |
68,852 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
544 |
861 |
1,088 |
1,587 |
2,081 |
2,553 |
2,908 |
3,174 |
|
2.0% |
2.5% |
2.8% |
3.5% |
4.0% |
4.4% |
4.5% |
4.6% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
26,751 |
33,692 |
38,589 |
44,376 |
50,593 |
57,205 |
63,160 |
67,473 |
|
97.8% |
98.1% |
98.3% |
97.5% |
97.8% |
97.9% |
97.7% |
98.0% |
Temporary residents |
107 |
172 |
122 |
369 |
168 |
247 |
156 |
59 |
|
0.4% |
0.5% |
0.3% |
0.8% |
0.3% |
0.4% |
0.2% |
0.1% |
Total academics |
18,178 |
22,333 |
24,287 |
26,972 |
29,995 |
32,267 |
34,985 |
34,911 |
|
66.4% |
65.0% |
61.9% |
59.2% |
58.0% |
55.2% |
54.1% |
50.7% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
17,095 |
20,937 |
22,623 |
23,888 |
25,364 |
27,442 |
29,079 |
28,678 |
|
62.5% |
60.9% |
57.7% |
52.5% |
49.0% |
46.9% |
45.0% |
41.7% |
Tenured faculty |
3,560 |
11,606 |
13,139 |
14,812 |
16,982 |
19,302 |
19,833 |
18,761 |
|
13.0% |
33.8% |
33.5% |
32.5% |
32.8% |
33.0% |
30.7% |
27.2% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
13,535 |
8,311 |
8,244 |
5,336 |
5,204 |
4,963 |
5,623 |
4,989 |
|
49.5% |
24.2% |
21.0% |
11.7% |
10.1% |
8.5% |
8.7% |
7.2% |
Academic postdoctorates |
205 |
481 |
594 |
836 |
775 |
798 |
901 |
664 |
|
0.7% |
1.4% |
1.5% |
1.8% |
1.5% |
1.4% |
1.4% |
1.0% |
Other academic appointments |
878 |
915 |
1,070 |
3,141 |
3,856 |
4,027 |
5,005 |
5,569 |
|
3.2% |
2.7% |
2.7% |
6.9% |
7.5% |
6.9% |
7.7% |
8.1% |
Industry (non-postdoctorate) |
2,682 |
3,666 |
4,883 |
6,695 |
9,357 |
12,891 |
15,469 |
17,621 |
|
9.8% |
10.7% |
12.4% |
14.7% |
18.1% |
22.1% |
23.9% |
25.6% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
80 |
14 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.0% |
Government (non-postdoctorate) |
2,680 |
2,603 |
3,216 |
3,718 |
3,938 |
4,627 |
4,632 |
5,390 |
|
9.8% |
7.6% |
8.2% |
8.2% |
7.6% |
7.9% |
7.2% |
7.8% |
Government postdoctorates |
22 |
15 |
53 |
49 |
88 |
85 |
22 |
51 |
|
0.1% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.1% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
Other sectors |
3,760 |
5,700 |
6,582 |
7,780 |
8,259 |
8,500 |
9,382 |
10,719 |
|
13.7% |
16.6% |
16.8% |
17.1% |
16.0% |
14.5% |
14.5% |
15.6% |
Doctorates w/ fed. research support |
10,881 |
12,965 |
13,790 |
15,213 |
15,689 |
16,648 |
13,651 |
21,864 |
|
39.8% |
37.7% |
35.1% |
33.4% |
30.3% |
28.5% |
21.1% |
31.8% |
|
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995 |
1997 |
1999 |
2001 |
2003 |
2006 |
Total employed in S&E |
74,570 |
75,420 |
81,126 |
84,408 |
91,662 |
95,909 |
99,154 |
91,941 |
95,564 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
3,738 |
4,561 |
5,012 |
5,649 |
6,561 |
7,140 |
8,534 |
5,447 |
5,991 |
|
5.0% |
6.0% |
6.2% |
6.7% |
7.2% |
7.4% |
8.6% |
5.9% |
6.3% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
73,054 |
73,534 |
79,280 |
82,526 |
89,186 |
93,155 |
98,725 |
91,263 |
94,811 |
|
98.0% |
97.5% |
97.7% |
97.8% |
97.3% |
97.1% |
99.6% |
99.3% |
99.2% |
Temporary residents |
194 |
164 |
190 |
195 |
329 |
378 |
429 |
678 |
753 |
|
0.3% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.4% |
0.4% |
0.4% |
0.7% |
0.8% |
Total academics |
36,961 |
33,280 |
37,617 |
39,905 |
43,736 |
45,402 |
47,206 |
44,961 |
47,153 |
|
49.6% |
44.1% |
46.4% |
47.3% |
47.7% |
47.3% |
47.6% |
48.9% |
49.3% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
30,239 |
26,852 |
29,402 |
30,787 |
32,941 |
33,837 |
34,491 |
34,352 |
35,862 |
|
40.6% |
35.6% |
36.2% |
36.5% |
35.9% |
35.3% |
34.8% |
37.4% |
37.5% |
Tenured faculty |
20,041 |
18,201 |
19,858 |
20,720 |
22,266 |
22,032 |
22,196 |
21,226 |
20,824 |
|
26.9% |
24.1% |
24.5% |
24.5% |
24.3% |
23.0% |
22.4% |
23.1% |
21.8% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
5,379 |
5,400 |
5,956 |
5,991 |
6,032 |
6,364 |
6,510 |
6,713 |
7,684 |
|
7.2% |
7.2% |
7.3% |
7.1% |
6.6% |
6.6% |
6.6% |
7.3% |
8.0% |
Academic postdoctorates |
993 |
416 |
534 |
1,329 |
1,641 |
1,458 |
1,543 |
1,064 |
1,868 |
|
1.3% |
0.6% |
0.7% |
1.6% |
1.8% |
1.5% |
1.6% |
1.2% |
2.0% |
Other academic appointments |
5,729 |
6,012 |
7,681 |
7,789 |
9,154 |
10,136 |
11,194 |
10,853 |
10,576 |
|
7.7% |
8.0% |
9.5% |
9.2% |
10.0% |
10.6% |
11.3% |
11.8% |
11.1% |
Industry (non-postdoctorate) |
19,998 |
23,995 |
27,236 |
27,348 |
28,735 |
31,318 |
32,561 |
31,457 |
32,494 |
|
26.8% |
31.8% |
33.6% |
32.4% |
31.3% |
32.7% |
32.8% |
34.2% |
34.0% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
5 |
20 |
50 |
151 |
462 |
211 |
201 |
458 |
297 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.5% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.5% |
0.3% |
Government (non-postdoctorate) |
5,557 |
5,565 |
8,867 |
9,310 |
9,692 |
9,696 |
9,877 |
8,588 |
8,558 |
|
7.5% |
7.4% |
10.9% |
11.0% |
10.6% |
10.1% |
10.0% |
9.3% |
9.0% |
Government postdoctorates |
11 |
84 |
147 |
176 |
267 |
210 |
165 |
252 |
139 |
|
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.3% |
0.1% |
Other sectors |
11,863 |
11,931 |
7,209 |
7,518 |
8,770 |
9,072 |
8,960 |
6,050 |
6,923 |
|
15.9% |
15.8% |
8.9% |
8.9% |
9.6% |
9.5% |
9.0% |
6.6% |
7.2% |
Doctorates w/ fed. research support |
23,831 |
20,902 |
- |
15,385 |
16,308 |
20,487 |
22,549 |
20,643 |
22,372 |
|
32.0% |
27.7% |
0.0% |
18.2% |
17.8% |
21.4% |
22.7% |
22.5% |
23.4% |
SOURCE: NSF. Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 1973-2006. Washington, DC: NSF. |
TABLE F-5 Characteristics of Doctorates in the Clinical Sciences, 1970-2008
|
1970 |
1971 |
1972 |
1973 |
1974 |
1975 |
1976 |
1977 |
1978 |
1979 |
1980 |
1981 |
1982 |
1983 |
1984 |
1985 |
1986 |
1987 |
1988 |
Total Doctorates |
273 |
329 |
306 |
323 |
339 |
340 |
357 |
385 |
387 |
432 |
464 |
524 |
575 |
526 |
621 |
619 |
677 |
699 |
788 |
Male |
218 |
271 |
245 |
249 |
252 |
233 |
248 |
266 |
256 |
271 |
273 |
303 |
319 |
249 |
262 |
244 |
259 |
290 |
302 |
Female |
55 |
58 |
61 |
74 |
87 |
107 |
109 |
119 |
131 |
161 |
191 |
221 |
256 |
277 |
359 |
375 |
418 |
409 |
486 |
Citizens |
210 |
263 |
219 |
250 |
239 |
258 |
273 |
296 |
305 |
339 |
370 |
429 |
457 |
401 |
492 |
458 |
489 |
527 |
573 |
Permanent residents |
19 |
20 |
40 |
34 |
37 |
35 |
32 |
41 |
26 |
39 |
32 |
33 |
33 |
30 |
36 |
32 |
30 |
33 |
38 |
Temporary residents |
37 |
30 |
29 |
31 |
33 |
35 |
40 |
42 |
38 |
37 |
53 |
48 |
64 |
70 |
66 |
85 |
93 |
84 |
108 |
Unknown |
7 |
16 |
18 |
8 |
30 |
12 |
12 |
6 |
18 |
17 |
9 |
14 |
21 |
25 |
27 |
44 |
65 |
55 |
69 |
Minorities |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
22 |
N/A |
22 |
N/A |
19 |
30 |
23 |
34 |
31 |
32 |
38 |
50 |
Postdoctoral training in U.S. |
|||||||||||||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
16 |
17 |
26 |
19 |
10 |
24 |
26 |
34 |
24 |
37 |
37 |
35 |
34 |
25 |
47 |
34 |
35 |
48 |
40 |
Postdoctoral research |
2 |
4 |
11 |
16 |
21 |
11 |
6 |
16 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
16 |
20 |
12 |
13 |
17 |
18 |
17 |
26 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
1 |
2 |
1 |
. |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
6 |
Other training |
7 |
4 |
6 |
11 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
10 |
15 |
13 |
4 |
3 |
8 |
1 |
9 |
11 |
10 |
Total postdoctoral |
26 |
27 |
44 |
46 |
38 |
40 |
38 |
60 |
48 |
66 |
66 |
69 |
61 |
43 |
72 |
53 |
66 |
80 |
82 |
Percent planning |
15.5% |
13.2% |
23.8% |
22.2% |
|
17.4% |
16.5% |
|
20.4% |
23.6% |
20.6% |
19.6% |
17.0% |
13.6% |
18.6% |
14.1% |
16.8% |
18.1% |
17.5% |
Employment in U.S. |
137 |
170 |
135 |
153 |
153 |
183 |
185 |
172 |
185 |
204 |
250 |
277 |
287 |
264 |
306 |
321 |
319 |
349 |
375 |
Other |
5 |
8 |
6 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
7 |
3 |
2 |
10 |
5 |
6 |
11 |
10 |
10 |
3 |
7 |
13 |
11 |
Ph.D. with plans |
168 |
205 |
185 |
207 |
199 |
230 |
230 |
235 |
235 |
280 |
321 |
352 |
359 |
317 |
388 |
377 |
392 |
442 |
468 |
Time to degree |
7.59 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
7.00 |
7.92 |
7.79 |
7.75 |
7.50 |
7.67 |
7.75 |
7.92 |
8.50 |
8.79 |
9.41 |
9.29 |
10.08 |
10.25 |
10.09 |
10.58 |
Age at time of degree |
31.21 |
29.96 |
30.33 |
30.59 |
30.67 |
31.83 |
31.58 |
30.75 |
31.67 |
31.75 |
32.00 |
32.37 |
32.87 |
34.08 |
34.33 |
35.58 |
35.92 |
35.92 |
36.42 |
|
1989 |
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
Total doctorates |
881 |
840 |
950 |
1022 |
1100 |
1208 |
1225 |
1237 |
1354 |
1425 |
1338 |
1527 |
1558 |
1579 |
1574 |
1642 |
1727 |
1810 |
2036 |
2002 |
Male |
313 |
322 |
333 |
363 |
396 |
420 |
456 |
435 |
469 |
474 |
480 |
518 |
566 |
510 |
528 |
520 |
563 |
598 |
644 |
638 |
Female |
568 |
518 |
617 |
659 |
704 |
788 |
769 |
802 |
885 |
951 |
858 |
1007 |
981 |
1069 |
1039 |
1122 |
1161 |
1209 |
1382 |
1364 |
Citizens |
656 |
630 |
706 |
739 |
803 |
897 |
857 |
865 |
911 |
1003 |
925 |
1070 |
1036 |
1058 |
1115 |
1133 |
1153 |
1182 |
1319 |
1299 |
Permanent residents |
29 |
34 |
58 |
48 |
63 |
91 |
102 |
87 |
77 |
85 |
81 |
74 |
76 |
63 |
60 |
68 |
81 |
86 |
83 |
102 |
Temporary residents |
118 |
145 |
161 |
213 |
202 |
214 |
236 |
253 |
256 |
266 |
250 |
275 |
293 |
300 |
299 |
335 |
374 |
388 |
427 |
425 |
Unknown |
78 |
31 |
29 |
30 |
44 |
15 |
41 |
41 |
126 |
77 |
92 |
108 |
153 |
158 |
100 |
19 |
29 |
21 |
33 |
36 |
Minorities |
38 |
41 |
56 |
49 |
79 |
70 |
90 |
83 |
85 |
97 |
105 |
116 |
112 |
106 |
137 |
165 |
177 |
169 |
192 |
172 |
Postdoctoral training in U.S. |
||||||||||||||||||||
Postdoctoral fellowship |
39 |
52 |
50 |
69 |
62 |
97 |
76 |
97 |
88 |
93 |
88 |
95 |
142 |
147 |
154 |
182 |
177 |
201 |
212 |
215 |
Postdoctoral research |
21 |
35 |
23 |
34 |
27 |
21 |
37 |
39 |
47 |
38 |
38 |
38 |
45 |
45 |
57 |
55 |
56 |
70 |
88 |
102 |
Postdoctoral traineeship |
4 |
6 |
2 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
4 |
6 |
6 |
12 |
12 |
6 |
11 |
18 |
9 |
12 |
6 |
7 |
12 |
Other training |
10 |
13 |
10 |
15 |
14 |
9 |
10 |
14 |
7 |
8 |
29 |
17 |
14 |
10 |
21 |
27 |
30 |
33 |
13 |
15 |
Total postdoctoral |
116 |
165 |
141 |
192 |
185 |
226 |
236 |
239 |
225 |
230 |
167 |
162 |
207 |
213 |
250 |
273 |
275 |
310 |
320 |
344 |
Percent planning |
13% |
20% |
15% |
19% |
17% |
19% |
19% |
19% |
17% |
16% |
12% |
11% |
13% |
19% |
27% |
29% |
27% |
29% |
28% |
30% |
Employment in U.S. |
459 |
373 |
468 |
491 |
525 |
503 |
489 |
531 |
589 |
606 |
591 |
732 |
643 |
733 |
666 |
652 |
719 |
760 |
799 |
782 |
Other |
8 |
9 |
11 |
9 |
12 |
11 |
11 |
18 |
17 |
26 |
12 |
17 |
15 |
31 |
19 |
12 |
11 |
15 |
13 |
17 |
Ph.D. with plans |
583 |
547 |
620 |
692 |
722 |
740 |
736 |
788 |
831 |
862 |
770 |
911 |
865 |
977 |
935 |
937 |
1,005 |
1,085 |
1,132 |
1,143 |
Time to degree |
11.00 |
11.17 |
11.41 |
11.67 |
11.75 |
11.41 |
11.25 |
11.59 |
11.50 |
11.50 |
10.92 |
11.25 |
10.09 |
11.25 |
10.50 |
9.58 |
9.59 |
9.50 |
9.50 |
9.25 |
Age at time of degree |
36.75 |
37.17 |
37.83 |
37.75 |
38.42 |
37.79 |
38.08 |
38.46 |
38.58 |
38.25 |
37.24 |
38.33 |
36.92 |
38.17 |
37.08 |
36.67 |
36.17 |
36.24 |
35.75 |
35.42 |
SOURCE: NSF. 2008. Survey of Earned Doctorates. Washington, DC: NSF. |
TABLE F-6 Employment Characteristics of Clinical Doctorates from U.S. Institutions, 1973-2006
|
1973 |
1975 |
1977 |
1979 |
1981 |
1983 |
1985 |
1987 |
Total employed in S&E |
2,682 |
3,475 |
3,748 |
4,489 |
5,312 |
6,003 |
7,188 |
7,669 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
105 |
153 |
163 |
203 |
208 |
250 |
307 |
342 |
|
3.9% |
4.4% |
4.3% |
4.5% |
3.9% |
4.2% |
4.3% |
4.5% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
2,462 |
3,236 |
3,454 |
4,105 |
4,914 |
5,668 |
6,776 |
7,614 |
|
91.8% |
93.1% |
92.2% |
91.4% |
92.5% |
94.4% |
94.3% |
99.3% |
Temporary residents |
69 |
83 |
86 |
133 |
44 |
8 |
79 |
55 |
|
2.6% |
2.4% |
2.3% |
3.0% |
0.8% |
0.1% |
1.1% |
0.7% |
Total academics |
1,478 |
1,856 |
2,064 |
2,564 |
2,963 |
3,225 |
3,938 |
4,164 |
|
55.1% |
53.4% |
55.1% |
57.1% |
55.8% |
53.7% |
54.8% |
54.3% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
1,359 |
1,671 |
1,852 |
2,259 |
2,642 |
2,922 |
3,413 |
3,675 |
|
50.7% |
48.1% |
49.4% |
50.3% |
49.7% |
48.7% |
47.5% |
47.9% |
Tenured faculty |
276 |
931 |
1,031 |
1,271 |
1,424 |
1,516 |
1,968 |
1,960 |
|
10.3% |
26.8% |
27.5% |
28.3% |
26.8% |
25.3% |
27.4% |
25.6% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
1,083 |
684 |
743 |
565 |
780 |
921 |
1,002 |
931 |
|
40.4% |
19.7% |
19.8% |
12.6% |
14.7% |
15.3% |
13.9% |
12.1% |
Academic postdoctorates |
40 |
107 |
108 |
105 |
139 |
100 |
177 |
90 |
|
1.5% |
3.1% |
2.9% |
2.3% |
2.6% |
1.7% |
2.5% |
1.2% |
Other academic appointments |
79 |
78 |
104 |
231 |
182 |
203 |
348 |
399 |
|
2.9% |
2.2% |
2.8% |
5.1% |
3.4% |
3.4% |
4.8% |
5.2% |
Industry (non-postdoctorate) |
536 |
739 |
733 |
992 |
1,259 |
1,485 |
1,793 |
1,940 |
|
20.0% |
21.3% |
19.6% |
22.1% |
23.7% |
24.7% |
24.9% |
25.3% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
5 |
14 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
Government (non-postdoctorate) |
383 |
491 |
462 |
446 |
527 |
585 |
689 |
745 |
|
14.3% |
14.1% |
12.3% |
9.9% |
9.9% |
9.7% |
9.6% |
9.7% |
Government postdoctorates |
5 |
9 |
8 |
11 |
35 |
34 |
14 |
8 |
|
0.2% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
0.2% |
0.7% |
0.6% |
0.2% |
0.1% |
Other sectors |
280 |
380 |
455 |
436 |
501 |
645 |
749 |
760 |
|
10.4% |
10.9% |
12.1% |
9.7% |
9.4% |
10.7% |
10.4% |
9.9% |
Doctorates w/ fed. research support |
1,416 |
1,804 |
1,836 |
2,041 |
2,179 |
2,416 |
2,307 |
3,275 |
|
52.8% |
51.9% |
49.0% |
45.5% |
41.0% |
40.2% |
32.1% |
42.7% |
|
1989 |
1991 |
1993 |
1995 |
1997 |
1999 |
2001 |
2003 |
2006 |
Total employed in S&E |
8,991 |
9,251 |
10,748 |
11,996 |
14,069 |
15,268 |
17,180 |
16,550 |
19,750 |
|
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
100.0% |
Minority |
533 |
614 |
766 |
899 |
1,113 |
1,357 |
1,497 |
1,057 |
1,330 |
|
5.9% |
6.6% |
7.1% |
7.5% |
7.9% |
8.9% |
8.7% |
6.4% |
6.7% |
Citizens and permanent residents |
8,522 |
8,726 |
10,142 |
11,253 |
13,128 |
13,930 |
16,822 |
16,005 |
19,036 |
|
94.8% |
94.3% |
94.4% |
93.8% |
93.3% |
91.2% |
97.9% |
96.7% |
96.4% |
Temporary residents |
72 |
65 |
175 |
58 |
194 |
335 |
358 |
545 |
714 |
|
0.8% |
0.7% |
1.6% |
0.5% |
1.4% |
2.2% |
2.1% |
3.3% |
3.6% |
Total academics |
4,959 |
4,706 |
5,827 |
6,684 |
7,609 |
8,855 |
9,730 |
10,037 |
11,856 |
|
55.2% |
50.9% |
54.2% |
55.7% |
54.1% |
58.0% |
56.6% |
60.6% |
60.0% |
Faculty with rank appointments |
4,371 |
4,077 |
5,084 |
5,705 |
6,325 |
7,374 |
8,124 |
8,536 |
10,084 |
|
48.6% |
44.1% |
47.3% |
47.6% |
45.0% |
48.3% |
47.3% |
51.6% |
51.1% |
Tenured faculty |
2,191 |
1,890 |
2,341 |
2,770 |
3,081 |
3,507 |
3,647 |
3,629 |
3,989 |
|
24.4% |
20.4% |
21.8% |
23.1% |
21.9% |
23.0% |
21.2% |
21.9% |
20.2% |
Tenure-track faculty (not tenured) |
1,337 |
1,426 |
1,784 |
1,988 |
1,878 |
2,138 |
2,384 |
2,505 |
3,371 |
|
14.9% |
15.4% |
16.6% |
16.6% |
13.3% |
14.0% |
13.9% |
15.1% |
17.1% |
Academic postdoctorates |
152 |
116 |
144 |
342 |
416 |
324 |
321 |
349 |
516 |
|
1.7% |
1.3% |
1.3% |
2.9% |
3.0% |
2.1% |
1.9% |
2.1% |
2.6% |
Other academic appointments |
436 |
513 |
599 |
637 |
868 |
1,157 |
1,285 |
1,313 |
1,514 |
|
4.8% |
5.5% |
5.6% |
5.3% |
6.2% |
7.6% |
7.5% |
7.9% |
7.7% |
Industry (non-postdoctorate) |
2,307 |
2,564 |
2,869 |
2,923 |
3,568 |
3,731 |
4,413 |
4,258 |
5,088 |
|
25.7% |
27.7% |
26.7% |
24.4% |
25.4% |
24.4% |
25.7% |
25.7% |
25.8% |
Industrial postdoctorates |
3 |
4 |
4 |
17 |
49 |
10 |
21 |
27 |
198 |
|
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.0% |
0.1% |
0.3% |
0.1% |
0.1% |
0.2% |
1.0% |
Government (non-postdoctorate) |
916 |
1,064 |
1,144 |
1,309 |
1,467 |
1,250 |
1,604 |
1,513 |
1,917 |
|
10.2% |
11.5% |
10.6% |
10.9% |
10.4% |
8.2% |
9.3% |
9.1% |
9.7% |
Government postdoctorates |
2 |
16 |
67 |
101 |
47 |
50 |
30 |
74 |
156 |
|
0.0% |
0.2% |
0.6% |
0.8% |
0.3% |
0.3% |
0.2% |
0.4% |
0.8% |
Other sectors |
778 |
847 |
837 |
962 |
1,329 |
1,372 |
1,339 |
641 |
535 |
|
8.7% |
9.2% |
7.8% |
8.0% |
9.4% |
9.0% |
7.8% |
3.9% |
2.7% |
Doctorates w/ fed. research support |
3,951 |
4,125 |
3,016 |
3,323 |
3,849 |
5,172 |
5,822 |
6,192 |
7,551 |
|
43.9% |
44.6% |
28.1% |
27.7% |
27.4% |
33.9% |
33.9% |
37.4% |
38.2% |
SOURCE: NSF. Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 1973-2006. Washington, DC: NSF. |