INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION FOR COLLABORATION
Learning How to Improve Health from
Interprofessional Models Across the
Continuum of Education to Practice
WORKSHOP SUMMARY
Patricia A. Cuff, Rapporteur
Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education
Board on Global Health
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The workshop that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Academic Consortium for Complementary and Alternative Health Care, the Academic Council of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Academic Council of the American Physical Therapy Association, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the Aetna Foundation, the Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Nursing, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, the American Board of Family Medicine, the American Board of Internal Medicine, the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the American Board of Pediatrics, the American College of Nurse-Midwives, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Dental Education Association, the American Medical Association, the American Occupational Therapy Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Society for Nutrition, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges, the Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions, the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, Atlantic Philanthropies, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, China Medical Board, Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders, the European Forum for Primary Care, Ghent University, the John A. Hartford Foundation, the John E. Fogarty International Center, the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, Kaiser Permanente, the National Academies of Practice, the National Association of Social Workers, the National Board for Certified Counselors and Affiliates, Inc., the National League for Nursing, the National Organization of Associate Degree Nursing, the Physician Assistant Education Association, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the Veterans Health Administration. The views presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the activity.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-26349-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-26349-2
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Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2013. Interprofessional education for collaboration: Learning how to improve health from interprofessional models across the continuum of education to practice: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR EDUCATING FOR PRACTICE WORKSHOP SERIES1
LUCINDA MAINE (Co-Chair), American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
SCOTT REEVES (Co-Chair), University of California, San Francisco
MALCOLM COX, Veterans Health Administration
JAN DE MAESENEER, Ghent University
MADELINE SCHMITT, American Academy of Nursing
HARRISON SPENCER, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health
GEORGE THIBAULT, Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation
BRENDA ZIERLER, University of Washington
SANJAY ZODPEY, Public Health Foundation of India
___________
1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
GLOBAL FORUM ON INNOVATION IN HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION1
JORDAN COHEN (Co-Chair), George Washington University
AFAF MELEIS (Co-Chair), University of Pennsylvania
KENN APEL, Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders
CAROL ASCHENBRENER, Association of American Medical Colleges
GILLIAN BARCLAY, Aetna Foundation
MARY BARGER, American College of Nurse-Midwives
TIMI AGAR BARWICK, Physician Assistant Education Association
GERALDINE BEDNASH, American Association of Colleges of Nursing
CYNTHIA BELAR, American Psychological Association
JOANNA CAIN, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine
CAROL CARRACCIO, American Board of Pediatrics (until February 2013)
LINDA CASSER, Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry
LINCOLN CHEN, China Medical Board
YUANFANG CHEN, Peking Union Medical College
MARILYN CHOW, Kaiser Permanente
ELIZABETH CLARK, National Association of Social Workers
THOMAS CLAWSON, National Board for Certified Counselors and Affiliates, Inc.
DARLA COFFEY, Council on Social Work Education
MALCOLM COX, Veterans Health Administration
JAN DE MAESENEER, Ghent University
MARIETJIE DE VILLIERS, Stellenbosch University
JAMES G. FOX, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
ROGER GLASS, John E. Fogarty International Center
ELIZABETH GOLDBLATT, Academic Consortium for Complementary and Alternative Health Care
MARY JO GOOLSBY, American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (until May 2013)
YUANZHI GUAN, Peking Union Medical College
NEIL HARVISON, American Occupational Therapy Association
DOUGLAS HEIMBURGER, American Society for Nutrition
JOHN HERBOLD, National Academies of Practice
ERIC HOLMBOE, American Board of Internal Medicine
PAMELA JEFFRIES, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing
RICK KELLERMAN, American Academy of Family Physicians
KATHRYN KOLASA, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
____________
1 Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
JOHN KUES, Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions
MARYJOAN LADDEN, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
LUCINDA MAINE, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
BEVERLY MALONE, National League for Nursing
BETH MANCINI, Society for Simulation in Healthcare
DAMON MARQUIS, Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions (until July 2013)
LEMMIETTA G. MCNEILLY, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
DONNA MEYER, National Organization of Associate Degree Nursing
FITZHUGH MULLAN, George Washington University
THOMAS NASCA, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education
ANDRE-JACQUES NEUSY, THENet
WARREN NEWTON, American Board of Family Medicine
KELLY WILTSE NICELY, American Association of Nurse Anesthetists
LIANA ORSOLINI, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Policy Fellows
RAJATA RAJATANAVIN, Mahidol University
SCOTT REEVES, University of California, San Francisco
EDWARD SALSBERG, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (until September 2013)
MADELINE SCHMITT, American Academy of Nursing
NELSON SEWANKAMBO, Makerere University College of Health Sciences
STEPHEN SHANNON, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
SUSAN SKOCHELAK, American Medical Association
HARRISON SPENCER, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health
RICK TALBOTT, Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions
GEORGE THIBAULT, Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation
JAN TOWERS, American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
RICHARD VALACHOVIC, American Dental Education Association
SARITA VERMA, University of Toronto
PATRICIA HINTON WALKER, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
SHANITA WILLIAMS, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HOLLY WISE, Academic Council of the American Physical Therapy Association
BRENDA ZIERLER, University of Washington
SANJAY ZODPEY, Public Health Foundation of India
IOM Staff
PATRICIA A. CUFF, Senior Program Officer
Reviewers
This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the workshop summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:
HUGH BARR, University of Westminster, UK
JOHN R. FINNEGAN, JR., University of Minnesota School of Public Health
JILL THISTLETHWAITE, Mayne Medical School, Australia
BRENDA ZIERLER, University of Washington
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by Terry T. Fulmer, Northeastern University. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, she was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the author and the institution.
Preface
A century after Flexner, Goldmark, and Welsh-Rose revolutionized postsecondary education for health professionals, two significant reports from the Lancet and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) sought to similarly redesign the education of health professionals for the 21st century. The independent Lancet Commission led by Julio Frenk and Lincoln Chen released Health Professionals for a New Century: Transforming Education to Strengthen Health Systems in an Interdependent World. The IOM produced The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Both of these reports provide high-level visions for the health professions, but rely on educators to identify, through a process of continuous learning and innovation, the relevant best practices and mechanisms for scaling up proven, improved approaches to integrated health professional education.
To facilitate the implementation of the recommendations from the IOM and Lancet Commission reports, the IOM created an ongoing, evidence-based forum for multidisciplinary exchanges on innovative health professional education initiatives. Known as the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education, this forum not only convenes stakeholders to illuminate contemporary issues in health professional education, but it also supports an ongoing, innovative mechanism to incubate and evaluate new ideas—a mechanism that is multifocal, multidisciplinary, and global.
Members of the Forum represent multiple government agencies, industry, academia, foundations, and professional associations. They are drawn from developed and developing countries and come together twice yearly for Forum-sponsored workshops. These workshops provide a platform for relationship building across disciplines and sectors. Such diversity within
the Forum is an essential ingredient for innovation and creativity. With 59 members from 16 disciplines and 8 countries, the Global Forum is well positioned to be a catalyst for positive change. Members are committed to breaking down professional silos that impede communication and cooperation among health educators and health professionals and to addressing issues of social justice and health equity around the globe. In our first two workshops, members of our Forum sought to address “interprofessional education.” The specific interest was in better understanding the relationships between education and practice in hopes of ultimately improving patient care, advancing population health, and increasing the value of the entire health system.
We would like to thank all those who made the workshops and this Forum possible. Without our sponsors, none of this could have happened. We would also like to thank the planning committee and, in particular, the co-chairs Lucinda Maine and Scott Reeves, who adeptly assisted IOM staff in pulling together two fantastic workshop agendas. We express our deepest appreciation to IOM interns Audrey Avila, Nikita Srinivasan, and Christen Woods for their support; to IOM staff members Patricia Cuff, Megan Perez, and Rachel Taylor for their expert guidance; and to Patrick Kelley for his superb leadership as the director of the Board on Global Health.
This report is a summary of what took place at our 2012 Forum-sponsored events and is a testament to the hard work and dedication of all who make up the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education.
Jordan Cohen, Forum Co-Chair
Afaf Meleis, Forum Co-Chair
Contents
3 Implementing Interprofessional Education for Improving Collaboration
5 Interprofessional Education Within the Health System
6 Learning from Students, Patients, and Communities
7 Moving Forward by Looking Back
C Summary of Updates from the Innovation Collaboratives