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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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FUTURE U.S. WORKFORCE FOR

GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE

Committee on the Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence

Board on Earth Sciences and Resources
Division on Earth and Life Studies

Board on Higher Education and Workforce
Policy and Global Affairs

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.

www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract No. HM1582-09-C-0014 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of Defense position, policy, or decision unless so designated by other official documentation.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-26864-6
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-26864-8

Cover illustrations: Photo of a battlefield use of sensor input to a mobile display device, courtesy of DARPA (upper left); satellite image of Afghanistan, courtesy of USGS (upper right); Map of Science, courtesy of Richard Klavans, used with permission from SciTech (background map).

Additional copies of this report are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu/.

Copyright 2013 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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COMMITTEE ON THE FUTURE U.S. WORKFORCE
FOR GEOSPATIAL INTELLIGENCE

KEITH C. CLARKE, Chair, University of California, Santa Barbara

LUC E. ANSELIN, Arizona State University, Tempe

ALEXANDRE M. BAYEN, University of California, Berkeley

GRANT C. BLACK, University of Missouri, St. Louis

BARBARA P. BUTTENFIELD, University of Colorado, Boulder

KATHLEEN M. CARLEY, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

JOHN R. JENSEN, University of South Carolina, Columbia

RICHARD B. LANGLEY, University of New Brunswick, Canada

EDWARD M. MIKHAIL, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

SHASHI SHEKHAR, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

MICHAEL N. SOLEM, Association of American Geographers, Washington, D.C.

PAULA STEPHAN, Georgia State University, Atlanta

MAY YUAN, University of Oklahoma, Norman

MICHAEL J. ZYDA, University of Southern California, Los Angeles

National Research Council Staff

ANNE M. LINN, Study Director, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources

GAIL R. GREENFIELD, Senior Program Officer, Board on Higher Education and Workforce

ERIC J. EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant, Board on Earth Sciences and Resources

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND RESOURCES

CORALE L. BRIERLEY, Chair, Brierley Consultancy LLC, Highlands Ranch, Colorado

WILLIAM E. DIETRICH, University of California, Berkeley

WILLIAM. L. GRAF, University of South Carolina, Columbia

RUSSELL J. HEMLEY, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C.

MURRAY W. HITZMAN, Colorado School of Mines, Golden

EDWARD KAVAZANJIAN, JR., Arizona State University, Tempe

DAVID R. MAIDMENT, The University of Texas, Austin

ROBERT B. MCMASTER, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

M. MEGHAN MILLER, UNAVCO, Inc., Boulder, Colorado

ISABEL P. MONTAÑEZ, University of California, Davis

CLAUDIA INÉS MORA, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico

BRIJ M. MOUDGIL, University of Florida, Gainesville

CLAYTON R. NICHOLS, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (retired), Ocean Park, Washington

HENRY N. POLLACK, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

DAVID T. SANDWELL, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla

PETER M. SHEARER, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla

REGINAL SPILLER, Azimuth Investments LLC, Texas

TERRY C. WALLACE, JR., Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico

Natioal Research Council Staff

ELIZABETH A. EIDE, Director

ANNE M. LINN, Senior Program Officer

SAMMANTHA L. MAGSINO, Senior Program Officer

MARK D. LANGE, Program Officer

JENNIFER T. ESTEP, Financial and Administrative Associate (until August 2012)

NICHOLAS D. ROGERS, Financial and Research Associate

COURTNEY R. GIBBS, Program Associate

JASON R. ORTEGO, Research Associate (until June 2012)

ERIC J. EDKIN, Senior Program Assistant

CHANDA IJAMES, Senior Program Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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BOARD ON HIGHER EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE

WILLIAM E. KIRWAN, Chair, University System of Maryland, Adelphi

F. KING ALEXANDER, California State University, Long Beach

SUSAN K. AVERY, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts

JEAN-LOU CHAMEAU, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena

CARLOS CASTILLO-CHAVEZ, Arizona State University, Tempe

RITA COLWELL, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

PETER EWELL, National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, Boulder, Colorado

SYLVIA HURTADO, University of California, Los Angeles

WILLIAM KELLEY, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia

EARL LEWIS, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

PAULA STEPHAN, Georgia State University, Atlanta

Natioal Research Council Staff

PETER HENDERSON, Director

GAIL GREENFIELD, Senior Program Officer

SABRINA HALL, Program Associate

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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Acknowledgments

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:

Burt S. Barnow, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

Katy Börner, Indiana University, Bloomington

Gaetano Borriello, University of Washington, Seattle

Cynthia A. Brewer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Joseph Galaskiewicz, University of Arizona, Tucson

Ayman F. Habib, University of Calgary, Canada

Michael J. Jackson, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom

Annette J. Krygiel, Independent Consultant, Great Falls, Virginia

James Llinas, State University of New York at Buffalo

Marguerite Madden, University of Georgia, Athens

Leif E. Peterson, Advanced HR Concepts & Solutions, LLC, Beavercreek, Ohio

Chris Rizos, University of New South Wales, Australia

Scott A. Sandgathe, University of Washington, Seattle

Stephen M. Stigler, University of Chicago, Illinois

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by David R. Rain, George Washington University, and Stephen R. Berry, University of Chicago. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

The committee would like to thank the following individuals who gave briefings or provided data, figures, or other input: Max Baber, Richard Berg, Adam Chill, Denise Clayton Delahanty, David DiBiase, Michael Gibbons, Leila Gonzales, George Hepner, Susan Kalweit, Nirmala Kannankutty, Keith Krut, Keith Masback, Patricia Muth, Wendy Nelson, Mark Pahls, Jürgen Pfeffer, James Plasker, Mark Regets, Jack Sanders, H. Greg Smith, Marc Spraragen, George Stamus, Ed Waltz, and Michael Wolf.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2013. Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/18265.
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We live in a changing world with multiple and evolving threats to national security, including terrorism, asymmetrical warfare (conflicts between agents with different military powers or tactics), and social unrest. Visually depicting and assessing these threats using imagery and other geographically-referenced information is the mission of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). As the nature of the threat evolves, so do the tools, knowledge, and skills needed to respond. The challenge for NGA is to maintain a workforce that can deal with evolving threats to national security, ongoing scientific and technological advances, and changing skills and expectations of workers.

Future U.S. Workforce for Geospatial Intelligence assesses the supply of expertise in 10 geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) fields, including 5 traditional areas (geodesy and geophysics, photogrammetry, remote sensing, cartographic science, and geographic information systems and geospatial analysis) and 5 emerging areas that could improve geospatial intelligence (GEOINT fusion, crowdsourcing, human geography, visual analytics, and forecasting). The report also identifies gaps in expertise relative to NGA's needs and suggests ways to ensure an adequate supply of geospatial intelligence expertise over the next 20 years.

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