The Committee on Human Spaceflight invited interested individuals and groups to submit short input papers that addressed the role of human spaceflight and its suggested future.
The request for input papers was open to any and all interested individuals and groups wishing to submit their own ideas on the role of human spaceflight and their vision for a suggested future. In developing their papers, respondents were asked to carefully consider the following broad questions.
- What are the important benefits provided to the United States and other countries by human spaceflight endeavors?
- What are the greatest challenges to sustaining a U.S. government program in human spaceflight?
- What are the ramifications and what would the nation and world lose if the United States terminated NASA’s human spaceflight program?
In discussing the above questions, the respondents were asked to describe the reasoning that supported their arguments and, to the extent possible, include or cite any evidence that supported their views. In considering #1 above, submitters were asked to consider private as well as government space programs.
Following is the list of lead authors and titles of the input papers submitted to in response to the committee’s request. Some of the input papers represent the collective views of companies, associations, or other groups. At the time of this printing, the full text of the input papers remain available for viewing at http://www8.nationalacademies.org/aseboutreach/publicviewhumanspaceflight.aspx.
Abramson, Michael, The Roads to Space Settlement
Aguilar, Alfredo A., Jr., Edge of Creation
Akkerman, James W., Human Space Flight
Alperin, Noam, Visual Impairment and Intracranial Hypertension in Microgravity: Mismanagement of a Manageable Long-Term Spaceflight Risk
Arora, Kamal, Human Space Flight Program-Propitious or Futile
Badders, Brian D., Extrapolating Trends: Human Spaceflight Goals
Barbee, Brent W., Near-Earth Asteroids: The Next Destination for Human Explorers
Barnhard, Gary P., Human Spaceflight—Architecting the Future
Bates, William V., The Role of Human Spaceflight in the 21st Century
Baxter, David, The Need for Human Spaceflight
Beauchemin, Alyse N., Manned Spaceflight: Humanities Greatest Endeavor
Becker, Jeanne L., Input to the NRC Committee on Human Spaceflight
Bednarek, Stephanie R., Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) Public Comment on the National Research Council Study on Human Spaceflight
Bennett, Gary L., Human Spaceflight Observations
Bland, Joseph B., Why Continuing Human Spaceflight Is Critical for Americans
Boyle, Richard D., The Artificial Gravity Platform (AGP)—An Earth-Based Laboratory to Advance Human Exploration in Space
Bridwell, Nelson J., Myopia
Brisson, Pierre, Human Spaceflight is Needed for Mars Exploration
Brooks, Phillip, Human Space Flight, What Direction Shall We Choose?
Brown, Benjamin S., We Are the Explorers
Brown, Jeremy, Concerning a Continuation of Human Space Flight by NASA and the United States Government
Buckland, Daniel M., Early Career Researchers Views as to the Benefits and Challenges of the U.S. Government Human Spaceflight Program
Burke, James D., Long-Range Future of U.S. Human Space Flight
Burns, Neal M., Then and Now; Building Public Support for NASA Human Space Flight
Bussey, Ben, Scientific Benefits of Human Exploration
Cadorette, Normand, One Bigger Picture and Manned Space Flight
Chambliss, Joe P., Ideas on the Direction and Importance of Human Spaceflight
Chapman, Bert, More Effective Human Spaceflight and Their National Security Implications
Chapman, Philip K., The Human Future in Space
Cheuvront, David L., Addressing the Challenges to Sustaining U.S. Government Human Spaceflight with Depots
Cohen, Helen S., Occupational Therapy’s Perspective on the Human Spaceflight Program
Collins, Dwight H., Questions Humanity Needs to Answer
Cooke, Douglas R., Building a Roadmap for Human Space Exploration
Cooke, Michael P., Theory for Why We Do Not Have a National Human Spaceflight Policy
Craig, Mark, What are the Greatest Challenges to Sustaining a U.S. Government Program in Human Spaceflight?
Crawford, Ian A., An Integrated Scientific and Social Case for Human Space Exploration
Crisafulli, Jim, Reaching Beyond Low-Earth Orbit: A Prescription for Cost-Effective and Sustainable Human Space Exploration
Crume, Phillip, Using a U.S. Government Human Spaceflight Program to Support Space Commerce
Dailey, Michelle K., Why America Should Sustain—Not Terminate—NASA’s Human Spaceflight Program
Das, Arun C., Human Spaceflight Exploration: Benefits, Challenges and Termination Ramifications
Davies, Philip E., Response to the National Academy of Sciences Announcement of Opportunity to Submit Input to Study on Human Spaceflight
Day, Stephen, Repositioning NASA
De Vita, Mirko, Advances in Behavioural Management and Attitude Change Knowledge through Human Spaceflight Programs
DeRees, Kelly A., Pushing Our Boundaries: The Need for a Human Spaceflight Program
Dhasan, Raj A., The Wind Shuttle (or) the Wind Planet
Donahue, Benjamin B., HSF Architecture Analysis and National Goals
Donahue, Benjamin B., Exploration in Human Terms (Parts I-III)
Donahue, Benjamin B., Human Space Flight Far Term View 2025-40 Goals and Objectives
Eckert, Joy, Inspiration Is Vital to Our Future
Elifritz, Thomas L., The National Academies Committee on Human Spaceflight
Elvis, Martin, Enabling the Commercial Harnessing of Space Resources
Emken, William A., The Uncertain Future of Human Spaceflight in the United States
Espeseth, Kevin, Surface Strip Mining the Moon for Permanent Engineering Marking
Ferguson, Christopher, Human Space Exploration: Unparalleled Source of Inspiration for the Past, Present, and the Future
Ferguson, Christopher, Human Space Exploration—An Engine for Innovation
Fernhout, Paul D., The Need for Continuing Research on Human Life Support in Space via Crowsourcing Self-Replicating Space Habitats
Fornaro, John, Why Human Spaceflight Matters
Friedman, Louis D., Paving Stones for the Flexible Path into the Solar System
Friedman, Louis D., Humans to Mars, Human Telepresence Beyond
Gallegos, Zachary E., Continuing Human Space Exploration: For the Future of Our Nation and Its People
Gargani, David J., Inspiration and Cooperation—A Pathway to the Future
Geirczak, Anthony E., III, The Importance of Continued Manned Spaceflight for Improving Economic and Quality of Life Issues on Earth
Gillin, Joseph P., Human Spaceflight and the Human Future
Globus, Al, Human Space Flight, Space Industrialization, Commercialization and Settlement
Gorenstein, Paul, Human Spaceflight and a Lunar Base
Gozdecki, Jonas, Stars Entrepreneurship Closer to All
Graham, E. H., Common Thoughts
Greenhouse, Matthew A., A Values-Based Approach toward National Space Policy
Greeson, David S., Separating Human Spaceflight Policy from National Politics: The Key to Long-Term Mission Success
Grondin, Yves, Why Human Spaceflight Exploration Matters
Hamill, Doris, The Neglected Challenge: Exploiting Near Space for Human Benefit
Hana, John D., U.S. Space 2020
Harper, Lynn D., Benefits and Challenges of Human Spaceflight in the 21st Century
Harrison, Michael F., The Imperative of Human Space Flight
Hawes, Michael, NRC Inputs
Haynes, Douglas E., White Paper
Heidmann, Richard, A New American Space Exploration Initiative Is Needed! A European Point of View
Heismann, August C., The Future of Human Space Flight
Henderson, Edward M., The Importance of Human Spaceflight
Howard, Robert L., The Role of Human Spaceflight and a Vision for a Suggested Future
Huntsman, David P., Answering the Questions: Why Government and Commercial Human Spaceflight; How to Get There, How to Keep it Sustainable, and the Need for NASA Reform
Huter, Paul B., Innovators, Adventurers, Explorers, Creators, Leaders
Jensen, Dale L., Efficient Rocket Engines
Jolliff, Bradley L., Why and How the United States Must Continue to Lead the World in Human Spaceflight
Joseph, Nikolai, Human Spaceflight
Kasting, James F., Servicing of Large Space Telescopes and Geosynchronous Satellites
Kennedy, Linda F., The Role of Human Spaceflight and Vision for a Suggested Future
Keras, Kevin F., Wither NASA? Earthly Pursuits to Fund Off-Planet Exploration
Kerwin, Joseph P., Leadership in Space Exploration
Kirkpatrick, Jim, AAS Input to the National Research Council’s Committee on Human Spaceflight
Kitmacher, Gary H., Reasons for Human Spaceflight; Cis-Lunar Technology Testbed
Korn, Paula, The Uncertain Future for U.S. Human Spaceflight
Krone, Bob, Philosophy for Humans in Space
Kuebler, Ulrich M., Role and Visions for Human Spaceflight
Kugler, Justin, Let Us Be Pioneers
Laine, Michael, LiftPort Lunar Space Elevator Infrastructure—Affordable Response to Human Spaceflight
Lawrence, Samuel J., The Benefits of Human Space Exploration to the United States and other Nations
Leeds, Gregory A., Countering China’s Future Space Proliferation Policy
Lester, Dan F., Telepresence and the Purpose of Human Spaceflight
Lillie, Charles F., The Future of Human Spaceflight
Mandell, Humboldt C., The Future of Human Spaceflight
Maniaci, Michael T., Bold Aspirations from the Land of the Free: A Civilian’s Perspective of American Spaceflight
Mapes, James M., The Philosophical Implications of Exoplanet Discovery on the Need for Human Spaceflight
Martin, Thomas N., III, Aerojet Rocketdyne Response to NRC Questions on NASA Human Spaceflight
McCain, Terence R., Switching Over: The Need to Transition from Human Wrench-Turners in Space to Advanced Robotics
McCandless, Bruce, II, Leadership through Human Spaceflight
McCarthy, Brendan, Spaceflight: A Duty of All Mankind
McMickell, M. Brett, Input to the National Research Council’s Committee on Human Spaceflight
Mohanty, Ashutosh, Propulsion Technologies
Molnar, Erwin P., The Future of Human Space Flight in the United States
Monteiro, Paulo L., Work in Progress
Moulin, Nicolas, Human Space Flight
Naik, Krishna D., Human Spaceflight Is the Ultimate Human Endeavor
Neal, Clive R., Human Solar System Exploration Achieved with a “Moon First” Pathway
Ness, Peter, Human Flights Are Essential for Mineral Exploration and Mining of the Moon, Mars and Asteroids
Norton, Paul, Minimal Requirement
Nye, William S., The Goal Is Mars: The Planetary Society’s Submission to the National Research Council on Human Spaceflight
Obenaus, Andre, The Importance of Human Space Flight to the Development of Medical Imaging
Okushi, Jun, A Short Review of the Necessity of Human Spaceflight Our Advocacy of a Decade
Oleson, Gary L., Toward a Thriving and Sustainable U.S. Human Spaceflight Program
Othman, Mazlan, The United Nations and Human Spaceflight
Overton, Ian M., Human Spaceflight: A Choice between Renaissance or Dark Age
Paluszek, Michael A., Human Spaceflight
Pellerin, Charles, Does Human Exploration Make Sense?
Pittman, Bruce, Human Space Flight Challenge
Pittman, Robert B., National Space Society (NSS) Response to the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Human Spaceflight
Podnar, Gregg, We Must Explore Mars
Polk, James D., The Return on Investment of Human Spaceflight
Pomerantz, William J., The Benefits of Suborbital and Orbital Human Spaceflight
Pulham, Elliot H., Space Foundation Input to the Committee on Human Spaceflight
Raftery, Michael, Crossing This New Ocean
Rahul Arun Bagul, Capsule Project
Rahul Arun Bagul, Prototype Safety Parachute for Aerospace and Aeronautics Projects
Rahul Arun Bagul, Concept for Future Free Space Craft
Ramey, Christopher B., The Foundations of National Power and Human Spaceflight
Rice, Eric, Recommended Direction for the American Human Spaceflight Program
Richards, David L., America Needs a New Vision and Oversight Process for Its Human Spaceflight Program
Riley, Danny A., Bullet Point Responses to the 3 Questions
Riley, John T., Generating Vision with Science Fiction
Robinson, John W., The SPST Whitepaper on Space Development: The Justification for Human Space Development and Habitation Beyond Low Earth Orbit
Rodriguez, G. J., Architecting a Lunar Shipyard
Rovetto, Robert J., The Essential Role of Human Spaceflight
Sander, Michael J., Human Space Flight, Observations and Suggestions
Santos, Famar P., The Planetary Expressway
Sauvageau, Donald R., ATK Response to NRC Questions on NASA Human Spaceflight Program
Sawyer, Paul D., Why We Should Sit Out the Next Round of Manned Space Flight
Schindler, Jürgen R., The Benefits of Human Space Flight with Focus on Human Values
Schmatz, Michael J., Supremacy, Growth, and Inspiration: The Purpose of American Human Spaceflight
Schmitt, Harrison H., Deep Space Exploration: An American Imperative
Schwadron, Nathan A., Understanding and Predicting the Space Radiation Hazard—A Critical Element of Human Exploration Beyond Low Earth Orbit
Shaffer, Gabrielle M., The Necessity of NASA’s Human Spaceflight Program for Science and Technology
Shemansky, Donald E., The NASA Human Space Exploration Program Should Be Abandoned
Sherwood, Brent, Toward a Relevant Human Spaceflight Program
Skocik, Colin R., The Moon Before Mars: Why Obama Is Wrong on Space
Skocik, Colin R., Past and Future of the Space Program
Slazer, Frank, Aerospace Industries Association Input on Human Spaceflight
Smith, O. Glenn, Challenges to Sustainability
Smith, Philippe M., Why Human Spaceflight Is Important to the United States
Smith, Stephen C., A New Economy: U.S. Human Spaceflight in the 21st Century
Smith, William L., Human Spaceflight Scenarios
Smitherman, David V., A Department of Space to Enable Human Spaceflight and the Future Settlement of Space
Spearing, Scott F., Economizing on Human Space Flight
Spudis, Paul D., Human Spaceflight: Why and How?
Srivastava, Rajesh, Other Discover Earth
Staats, Kai K., Real Heroes: A Case for Continued U.S. Involvement in Human Space Exploration
Stolc, Viktor, Bio-Electromagnetic Countermeasures Against the Risks of Spaceflight Beyond Low Earth Orbit
Strangman, Gary E., The Value of Human Spaceflight
Strickland, John K., Jr., What Should We Be Doing in Space?
Summers, Richard L., Importance of Human Spaceflight Endeavors for the Future of Biomedical Research
Sweetser, Theodore H., Mars Is the Vision, the Question Is How
Taggart, Keith A., Input to the Committee on Human Spaceflight
Thronson, Harley A., If You Set Out to Go to Mars, Go to Mars
Tran, Ricky H., An Input on Human Spaceflight for the Last Ten Years
Vail, Joel, B., The Future Is in Exploration
Van Vaerenbergh, Stefan, Need of Spaceflight Gravity from Microbiology to Geology Studies
Vartorella, William F., ‘Lost Horizon’—Manned Missions Focused on Nanotechnologies, Astrobiology, Space Telescopes, and Advanced Materials Will Re-define NASA and NewSpace
Vedda, James A., Next Step for Human Spaceflight: Cislunar Development
Wanduragala, P., How to Overcome Limitations in Exploring Space Journeys (file unreadable)
Webber, Derek, Why We Need to Continue with Human Spaceflight
Wheelock, Terry W., “Human” Spaceflight
Whittington, Mark R., In Pursuit of Space Power
Wilkins, Richard T., The Value of Human Space Flight on Higher Education and the Minority Communities
Winn, Laurence B., The Case for a New Diaspora: Cosmic Dispersal
Woodard, Daniel, Practical Benefits for America
Woodcock, Gordon R., Human Space Flight
Woodlyn, Sjon O., Space Exploration: Foundation to Build a Global Response
Zimpfer, Douglas J., Future of Human Spaceflight: Draper Laboratory Response