ROBUST METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF
Images and Videos For
Fisheries Stock Assessment
_____________
SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP
Maureen Mellody, Rapporteur
Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics
Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This study was supported by Contract No. WC 133R-11-CQ-0048 TO #6 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Any opinions, findings, or conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
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The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON ROBUST METHODS
FOR THE ANALYSIS OF IMAGES AND VIDEOS FOR
FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT: A WORKSHOP
RAMA CHELLAPPA, University of Maryland, College Park, Chair
RUZENA BAJCSY, University of California, Berkeley
LISE GETOOR, University of California, Santa Cruz
ALFRED HERO III, University of Michigan
ANTHONY HOOGS, Kitware, Inc.
DAVID KRIEGMAN, University of California, San Diego
RICHARD LEAHY, University of Southern California
FEI-FEI LI, Stanford University
GUILLERMO SAPIRO, Duke University
LANCE WALLER, Emory University
Staff
MICHELLE K. SCHWALBE, Program Officer
RODNEY N. HOWARD, Administrative Assistant
COMMITTEE ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL STATISTICS
CONSTANTINE GATSONIS, Brown University, Chair
MONTSERRAT (MONTSE) FUENTES, North Carolina State University
ALFRED O. HERO III, University of Michigan
DAVID M. HIGDON, Los Alamos National Laboratory
IAIN JOHNSTONE, Stanford University
ROBERT E. KASS, Carnegie Mellon University
JOHN LAFFERTY, University of Chicago
XIHONG LIN, Harvard University
SHARON-LISE T. NORMAND, Harvard University
GIOVANNI PARMIGIANI, Harvard University
RAGHU RAMAKRISHNAN, Microsoft
ERNEST SEGLIE, Office of the Secretary of Defense (retired)
LANCE WALLER, Emory University
EUGENE WONG, University of California, Berkeley
Staff
MICHELLE K. SCHWALBE, Director
RODNEY N. HOWARD, Administrative Assistant
BOARD ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
DONALD SAARI, University of California, Irvine, Chair
DOUGLAS N. ARNOLD, University of Minnesota
GERALD G. BROWN, Naval Postgraduate School
L. ANTHONY COX, JR., Cox Associates, Inc.
CONSTANTINE GATSONIS, Brown University
MARK L. GREEN, University of California, Los Angeles
DARRYLL HENDRICKS, UBS Investment Bank
BRYNA KRA, Northwestern University
ANDREW W. LO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
DAVID MAIER, Portland State University
WILLIAM A. MASSEY, Princeton University
JUAN C. MESA, University of California, Merced
JOHN W. MORGAN, State University of New York, Stony Brook
CLAUDIA NEUHAUSER, University of Minnesota
FRED S. ROBERTS, Rutgers University
CARL P. SIMON, University of Michigan
KATEPALLI SREENIVASAN, New York University
EVA TARDOS, Cornell University
Staff
SCOTT T. WEIDMAN, Board Director
NEAL GLASSMAN, Senior Program Officer
MICHELLE K. SCHWALBE, Program Officer
RODNEY N. HOWARD, Administrative Assistant
BETH DOLAN, Financial Associate
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Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Margrit Betke, Boston University,
Jitendra Malik, University of California, Berkeley,
Pietro Perona, California Institute of Technology, and
Hanumant Singh, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the views presented at the workshop, nor did they see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by Andrew Solow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Appointed by the NRC, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this workshop summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this summary rests entirely with the author and the institution.
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Contents
Types of Data Used in Fishery Stock Assessments
Overview of Sampling in Space and Time
NOAA Fisheries Strategic Initiative on Automated Image Analysis
Simulating Fish and Other Swimmers
The Fish4Knowledge Project: Automated Underwater Video Analysis for Fish Population Monitoring
Fisheries Perspective of Multi-Modal Sensing
Synergistic Acoustic and Optic Observation and Estimation
Revealing Fish Population and Behavior with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing
4 IMAGE PROCESSING AND DETECTION
Image Understanding Underwater
Underwater Tele-Immersion: Potential and Challenges
Underwater Imaging and Detection
Multi-Object Multi-View Tracking
Crowd Tracking and Group Action Recognition
Tracking in the Ocean, Vehicles, and Fish
Shape- and Behavior-Encoded Tracking
A Role for Statistical Shape Analysis in Fisheries Stock Assessment
Behavioral Analysis and Action Recognition
Multi-Cue Entity Detection, Tracking, and Classification
Geodesic Positioning Systems and High-Throughput Informatic Brain Clouds
7 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Automatic Analysis of Benthic Reef Images
Classifying Leaves Using Shape
Fine-Grained Visual Categorization with Humans in the Loop
Tracking Vehicles in Large-Scale Aerial Video of Urban Areas