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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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ENVISIONING THE FUTURE OF
HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

WORKSHOP SUMMARY

Patricia A. Cuff, Rapporteur

Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education

Board on Global Health

Institute of Medicine

images

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, DC

www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS   500 Fifth Street, NW   Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the Academic Consortium for Complementary and Alternative Health Care, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the Aetna Foundation, the Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Nursing, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, the American Board of Family Medicine, the American Board of Internal Medicine, the American College of Nurse-Midwives, the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)/American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG), the American Council of Academic Physical Therapy, the American Dental Education Association, the American Medical Association, the American Occupational Therapy Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Society for Nutrition, the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association, the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges, the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry, the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health, the Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions, the Atlantic Philanthropies, the Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders, the Council on Social Work Education, Ghent University, the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, Kaiser Permanente, the National Academies of Practice, the National Association of Social Workers, the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates, the National Board of Medical Examiners, the National League for Nursing, the Office of Academic Affiliations of the Veterans Health Administration, the Organization for Associate Degree Nursing, the Physician Assistant Education Association, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Society for Simulation in Healthcare, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, and the University of Toronto. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the activity.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-37779-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-37779-X
Digital Object Identifier: 10.17226/21796

Additional copies of this workshop summary are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2016 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Cover photo © 2013 Chelsea Hedquist, Courtesy of Photoshare. A community nutrition educator in Barwani, India, pauses outside a home to enter data on her mobile phone.

Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the future of health professional education: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
×

images

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president.

The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.

The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR ENVISIONING THE
FUTURE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION1

MARY E. (BETH) MANCINI (Co-Chair), Society for Simulation in Healthcare

CHRISTOPHER OLSEN (Co-Chair), University of Wisconsin–Madison

TIMI AGAR BARWICK, Physician Assistant Education Association

JAMES G. FOX, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges

ANDREW PLEASANT, Canyon Ranch Institute

SUSAN E. SKOCHELAK, American Medical Association

MARIA TASSONE, University of Toronto

DEBORAH TRAUTMAN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing

________________

1 Institute of Medicine planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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GLOBAL FORUM ON INNOVATION IN HEALTH
PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION1,2

MALCOLM COX (Co-Chair), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

SUSAN SCRIMSHAW (Co-Chair), The Sage Colleges

KENN APEL, Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders

MARY BARGER, American College of Nurse-Midwives

TIMI AGAR BARWICK, Physician Assistant Education Association

MARY BETH BIGLEY, Health Resources and Services Administration

JOANNA CAIN, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine

LINDA CASSER, Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry

MARILYN CHOW, Kaiser Permanente

THOMAS CLAWSON, National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates

DARLA SPENCE COFFEY, Council on Social Work Education

JAN DE MAESENEER, Ghent University

MARIETJIE DE VILLIERS, Stellenbosch University

JAMES G. FOX, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges

ELIZABETH (LIZA) GOLDBLATT, Academic Consortium for Complementary and Alternative Health Care

GARTH GRAHAM, Aetna Foundation

CATHERINE GRUS, American Psychological Association

MARYELLEN GUSIC, Association of American Medical Colleges

NEIL HARVISON, American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.

ERIC HOLMBOE, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education

PAMELA JEFFRIES, George Washington University School of Nursing

RICK KELLERMAN, American Academy of Family Physicians

SANDEEP KISHORE, Young Professionals Chronic Disease Network

KATHRYN KOLASA, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

JOHN (JACK) KUES, Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions

MARYJOAN LADDEN, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

LUCINDA MAINE, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy

BEVERLY MALONE, National League for Nursing

MARY E. (BETH) MANCINI, Society for Simulation in Healthcare

ANGELO MCCLAIN, National Association of Social Workers

FURMAN S. MCDONALD, American Board of Internal Medicine

________________

1 Institute of Medicine forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.

2 This is the list of Forum members as of April 24, 2015.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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LEMMIETTA G. MCNEILLY, American Speech–Language–Hearing Association

DONALD MELNICK, National Board of Medical Examiners

DONNA MEYER, Organization of Associate Degree Nursing

WARREN NEWTON, American Board of Family Medicine

BJORG PALSDOTTIR, Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet)

RAJATA RAJATANAVIN, Mahidol University

SCOTT REEVES, Kingston University & St George’s, University of London

ELENA RIOS, National Hispanic Medical Association

EDWARD SALTZMAN, American Society for Nutrition

KAREN SANDERS, Veterans Health Administration

NELSON SEWANKAMBO, Makerere University College of Health Sciences

STEPHEN SHANNON, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine

SUSAN SKOCHELAK, American Medical Association

HARRISON SPENCER, Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health

RICHARD (RICK) TALBOTT, Association of Schools of the Allied Health Professions

GEORGE THIBAULT, Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation

DEBORAH TRAUTMAN, American Association of Colleges of Nursing

RICHARD (RICK) W. VALACHOVIC, American Dental Education Association

SARITA VERMA, University of Toronto

SATYA VERMA, National Academies of Practice

PATRICIA HINTON WALKER, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

HOLLY WISE, American Council of Academic Physical Therapy

XUEJUN ZENG, Peking Union Medical College

BRENDA ZIERLER, American Academy of Nursing

IOM Staff

PATRICIA A. CUFF, Senior Program Officer

MEGAN M. PEREZ, Research Associate

BRIDGET C. CALLAGHAN, Research Assistant

AEYSHA CHAUDHRY, Intern

CHRISTIE BELL, Financial Officer (until September 2015)

FAYE HILLMAN, Financial Associate (from September 2015)

PATRICK W. KELLEY, Senior Board Director, Board on Global Health

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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Reviewers

This workshop summary has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published workshop summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this workshop summary:

GERALDINE “POLLY” BEDNASH, American Association of Colleges of Nursing

THOMAS WARREN CLAWSON, National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. and Affiliates

MICHELLE TROSETH, National Academies of Practice

SANJAY ZODPEY, Public Health Foundation of India

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the workshop summary before its release. The review of this workshop summary was overseen by DON EUGENE DETMER, University of Virginia. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this summary was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this workshop summary rests entirely with the rapporteur and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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Acknowledgments

It has been 5 years since the release of the Lancet Commission report Health Professionals for a New Century (Frenk et al., 2010), which initiated conversations for starting a global forum on health professional education (HPE) through the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The Forum is now in its fourth year of existence and has explored numerous topics including interprofessional education, professionalism, assessment of HPE, and community-based HPE, as well as related policy issues. Part of the Forum’s portfolio also looked at the business side of the health professions. By bringing together thought-leaders who are passionate about both empowering women and strengthening health systems, members of the Forum learned how investment firms are promoting both goals through the social financing of nursing and midwifery enterprises across the globe. Forum members recognize the importance of learning from developing country experiences despite the logistical challenges posed by engaging speakers from low-resource regions of the world. Regardless, the Forum remains committed to greater inclusivity from global experts as well as further attention to faculty development for building a competent global health workforce.

Combining all of these efforts with the 5-year anniversary of the Lancet Commission report, it seemed fitting for the Global Forum to take stock of how far health professional education has progressed in the past 5 years toward the recommendations put forth by the Lancet Commission report. The topic of this workshop, Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education, did just that. The workshop planning committee pulled together an agenda that drew messages and lessons from past experiences for guid-

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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ing the path forward. In particular, the workshop planning committee co-chairs, Beth Mancini and Christopher Olsen, deserve recognition for their leadership in this endeavor, as well as the planning committee members, Timi Agar Barwick, James Fox, Andrew Pleasant, Susan Skochelak, Maria Tassone, and Deborah Trautman, for their support throughout the workshop. Such a wonderful event could not have happened without the keen dedication of the Academies staff of the Global Forum, including Patricia Cuff, senior program officer and forum director; Megan Perez, research associate; and Bridget Callaghan, research assistant. A special thank you goes to Patrick Kelley for envisioning and establishing the Global Forum. And most importantly, the 45 sponsors and 55 members of the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education are deeply appreciated, and make it possible to host events like the workshop described in this report.

REFERENCE

Frenk, J., L. Chen, Z. A. Bhutta, J. Cohen, N. Crisp, T. Evans, H. Fineberg, P. Garcia, Y. Ke, P. Kelley, B. Kistnasamy, A. Meleis, D. Naylor, A. Pablos-Mendez, S. Reddy, S. Scrimshaw, J. Sepulveda, D. Serwadda, and H. Zurayk. 2010. Health professionals for a new century: Transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet 376(9756):1923-1958.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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Acronyms and Abbreviations

AACN American Association of Colleges of Nursing
AAVMC Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges
ACA Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
ADEA American Dental Education Association
AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
AIMS Automated Intelligent Mentoring System
AMA American Medical Association
 
CHW community health worker
CRI Canyon Ranch Institute
 
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FIOCRUZ Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
FQHC Federally Qualified Health Center
 
HPE health professional education
HPV human papillomavirus
 
IHI Institute for Healthcare Improvement
IHPE Innovation in Health Professional Education (the Forum)
IOM Institute of Medicine
IPE interprofessional education
IPEC Interprofessional Education Collaborative
IPP interprofessional practice
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/21796.
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IT information technology
 
LINC Leaders in Innovative Care
 
MOH Ministry of Health
MOOC massive open online course
 
NGO nongovernmental organization
NIH National Institutes of Health
 
OIE World Organization for Animal Health
 
PA physician assistant
 
RDN Registered Dietitian Nutritionist
REACH Redesigning Education to Accelerate Change in Healthcare
 
SA social accountability
SSH Society for Simulation in Healthcare
SyNC Systems Navigation Curriculum
 
TeamSTEPPS Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety
TQA Teachers of Quality Academy
 
WHO World Health Organization
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In April 2015, the Institute of Medicine convened a public workshop to explore recent shifts in the health and health care industry and their implications for health professional education (HPE) and workforce learning. This study serves as a follow-up to the 2009 Lancet Commission report on health professions education for the 21st century and seeks to expand the report's messages beyond medicine, nursing, and public health.

Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education discusses opportunities for new platforms of communication and learning, continuous education of the health workforce, opportunities for team-based care and other types of collaborations, and social accountability of the health professions. This study explores the implications that shifts in health, policy, and the health care industry could have on HPE and workforce learning, identifies learning platforms that could facilitate effective knowledge transfer with improved quality and efficiency, and discusses opportunities for building a global health workforce that understands the role of culture and health literacy in perceptions and approaches to health and disease.

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