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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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Graduate Medical Education
Outcomes and Metrics

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

Payal Martin, Mariana Zindel, and Sharyl Nass, Rapporteurs

Board on Health Care Services

Health and Medicine Division

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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Alliance of Independent Academic Medical Centers, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, American Board of Medical Specialties, American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Osteopathic Association, The Arnold P. Gold Foundation, Association for Hospital Medical Education, Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, The Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, National Board of Medical Examiners, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (Office of Academic Affairs). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-47121-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-47121-4
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25003

Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate medical education outcomes and metrics: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25003.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
×

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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president.

The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.

The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.

Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.

For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR A WORKSHOP ON GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION OUTCOMES AND METRICS1

DEBRA F. WEINSTEIN (Chair), Vice President, Graduate Medical Education, Partners HealthCare System

VINEET M. ARORA, Director, Graduate Medical Education Clinical Learning Environment Innovation, The University of Chicago

DAVID A. ASCH, Executive Director, Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation

KARL Y. BILIMORIA, Associate Professor of Surgery and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University

ROBERT A. CAIN, Assistant Dean, Office of Clinical Education, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine

CANDICE CHEN, Director, Division of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Resources & Services Administration

MALCOLM C. L. COX, Adjunct Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

DEBORAH A. DRISCOLL, Luigi Mastroianni, Jr., Professor and Chair, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania

EDWARD SALSBERG, Director, Health Workforce Studies, Health Workforce Institute, The George Washington University

DOUGLAS S. SMINK, Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, General Surgeon, Brigham and Women’s Hospital

Project Staff

MARIANA ZINDEL MUNDET CRUZ, Research Assistant

KELSEY GEISER, Research Associate (until April 2017)

SHARYL NASS, Director, Board on Health Care Services

Consultant

PAYAL MARTIN, Consulting Writer

___________________

1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

FRANCISCO CIGARROA, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio

RACHEL KELZ, University of Pennsylvania

DEBORAH POWELL, University of Minnesota Medical School

ERIC SCHNEIDER, The Commonwealth Fund

MEDHANIT TEKLE, Institute for Family Health Harlem

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by MOLLY COOKE, University of California, San Francisco. She was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the members of the planning committee for the Workshop on Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics, who collaborated to ensure a workshop with informative presentations and rich discussions, and especially to Debra Weinstein, the committee chair, for her valuable contributions to the development and orchestration of this workshop. We also thank the speakers and moderators, who generously shared their expertise and time to make the workshop a success.

We are also grateful for the coalition of sponsors who supported the workshop, without whom we could not have undertaken this project. The sponsors of the Workshop on Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics included the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Alliance of Independent Academic Medical Centers, American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine, American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, American Board of Medical Specialties, American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Osteopathic Association, The Arnold P. Gold Foundation, Association for Hospital Medical Education, Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, The Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, National Board of Medical Examiners, and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (Office of Academic Affairs).

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Graduate Medical Education Outcomes and Metrics: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25003.
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Graduate medical education (GME) is critical to the career development of individual physicians, to the functioning of many teaching institutions, and to the production of our physician workforce. However, recent reports have called for substantial reform of GME. The current lack of established GME outcome measures limits our ability to assess the impact of individual graduates, the performance of residency programs and teaching institutions, and the collective contribution of GME graduates to the physician workforce.

To examine the opportunities and challenges in measuring and assessing GME outcomes, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on October 10–11, 2017, in Washington, DC. Workshop participants discussed: meaningful and measurable outcomes of GME; possible metrics that could be used to track these GME outcomes; possible mechanisms for collecting, collating, analyzing, and reporting these data; and further work to accomplish this ambitious goal. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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