Current
STATUS AND RESPONSE
TO THE
Global
Obesity
Pandemic
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Emily A. Callahan, Rapporteur
Roundtable on Obesity Solutions
Food and Nutrition Board
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
This workshop was supported in part by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Alliance for a Healthier Generation; American Academy of Pediatrics; American College of Sports Medicine; American Council on Exercise; American Heart Association; American Society for Nutrition; Bipartisan Policy Center; Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation; The California Endowment; ChildObesity180/Tufts University; Chobani; Edelman; General Mills, Inc.; Greater Rochester Health Foundation; HealthPartners, Inc.; The JPB Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; The Kresge Foundation; Mars, Inc.; National Recreation and Park Association; Nemours; Nestlé Nutrition; Novo Nordisk; Obesity Action Coalition; The Obesity Society; Partnership for a Healthier America; Reebok, International; Reinvestment Fund; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Salud America!; Weight Watchers International, Inc.; and YMCA of the USA. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-48505-0
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-48505-3
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25273
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Copyright 2019 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Current status and response to the global obesity pandemic: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25273.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON CURRENT STATUS AND RESPONSE TO THE GLOBAL OBESITY PANDEMIC1
WILLIAM (BILL) H. DIETZ (Co-Chair), Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University
CHRISTINA ECONOMOS (Co-Chair), Co-Founder and Director, ChildObesity180; Professor and New Balance Chair in Childhood Nutrition, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, Emeritus Professor of Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Research Professor, Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University
TIM LOBSTEIN, Policy Director, World Obesity Federation
RACHEL NUGENT, Vice President for Global Noncommunicable Diseases, RTI International
NANCY ROMAN, President and CEO, Partnership for a Healthier America
Health and Medicine Division Staff
LESLIE J. SIM, Roundtable Director
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Senior Program Officer
ELLE ALEXANDER, Associate Program Officer
AMANDA NGUYEN, Associate Program Officer
MEREDITH YOUNG, Research Assistant
CYPRESS LYNX, Senior Program Assistant
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
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ROUNDTABLE ON OBESITY SOLUTIONS1
BILL PURCELL III (Chair), Farmer Purcell White & Lassiter, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
RUSSELL R. PATE (Vice Chair), University of South Carolina, Columbia
MARY T. STORY (Vice Chair), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
SHARON ADAMS-TAYLOR, The School Superintendents Association, Alexandria, Virginia
KATIE ADAMSON, YMCA of the USA, Washington, DC
ANDREA M. AZUMA, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
CAPT HEIDI MICHELS BLANCK, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
JEANNE BLANKENSHIP, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Washington, DC
DON W. BRADLEY, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
CEDRIC X. BRYANT, American Council on Exercise, San Diego, California
HEIDI F. BURKE, Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Rochester, New York
DEBBIE I. CHANG, Nemours, Newark, Delaware
JOHN COURTNEY, American Society for Nutrition, Bethesda, Maryland
ANNE DATTILO, Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Vevey, Switzerland
MERRY DAVIS, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation, Durham, North Carolina
CHRISTINA ECONOMOS, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
IHUOMA ENELI, American Academy of Pediatrics, Columbus, Ohio
JENNIFER FASSBENDER, Reinvestment Fund, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
GARY FOSTER, Weight Watchers International, New York, New York
DAVID D. FUKUZAWA, The Kresge Foundation, Troy, Michigan
MARJORIE INNOCENT, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Baltimore, Maryland
SCOTT I. KAHAN, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
SONIA KIM, Alliance for a Healthier Generation, New York, New York
AMY KULL, Edelman, San Francisco, California
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
CATHERINE KWIK-URIBE, Mars, Inc., Germantown, Maryland
THEODORE KYLE, The Obesity Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
LISEL LOY, Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC
KELLIE MAY, National Recreation and Park Association, Ashburn, Virginia
MYETA M. MOON, United Way Worldwide, Alexandria, Virginia
JOSEPH NADGLOWSKI, Obesity Action Coalition, Tampa, Florida
MEGAN NECHANICKY, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
BARBARA PICOWER, The JPB Foundation, New York, New York
SUE PECHILIO POLIS, National League of Cities, Washington, DC
ROBERT C. POST, Chobani, New York, New York
AMELIE G. RAMIREZ, Salud America!, San Antonio, Texas
OLIVIA ROANHORSE, Notah Begay III Foundation, Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico
NANCY ROMAN, Partnership for a Healthier America, Washington, DC
KEVIN R. RONNEBERG, HealthPartners, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
SYLVIA ROWE, SR Strategy, LLC, Washington, DC
JAMES F. SALLIS, University of California, San Diego
MARION STANDISH, The California Endowment, Oakland, California
KATHLEEN TULLIE, Reebok International, Canton, Massachusetts
MONICA HOBBS VINLUAN, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey
JAMES R. WHITEHEAD, American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
TRACY ZVENYACH, Novo Nordisk, Washington, DC
Health and Medicine Division Staff
LESLIE J. SIM, Roundtable Director
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Senior Program Officer
ELLE ALEXANDER, Associate Program Officer
AMANDA NGUYEN, Associate Program Officer
MEREDITH YOUNG, Research Assistant
CYPRESS LYNX, Senior Program Assistant
ANN L. YAKTINE, Food and Nutrition Board Director
Consultant
WILLIAM (BILL) H. DIETZ, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings, nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by CHERYL A. M. ANDERSON, University of California, San Diego. She was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.
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Contents
Organization of This Proceedings
Global Trends in Body Mass Index and Obesity
Obesity in African Migrant and Nonmigrant Populations
The Double Burden of Malnutrition
3 GLOBAL OBESITY PREVENTION AND TREATMENT EFFORTS
Management and Advocacy for Providers, Patients, and Systems
More Active People for a Healthier World
Food and Nutrition Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean
4 MANAGING THE GLOBAL EPIDEMIC: CHALLENGES AND CROSS-CULTURAL INSIGHTS
Navigating the Obesity Epidemic: The Mexico Experience
Common Threads in Obesity Risk Among Racial/Ethnic and Migrant Minority Populations
The Contribution of Traditional Cultures to Resolving the Obesity Pandemic
5 REFLECTIONS ON THE GLOBAL APPROACH AND LESSONS FOR NEXT STEPS
Global Lessons for Physical Activity Promotion in the United States
Public Policies to Improve the Food Environment
A Perspective from the World Bank
C BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF WORKSHOP SPEAKERS AND PLANNING COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Box, Figures, and Table
BOX
1-1 Workshop Statement of Task
FIGURES
2-1 Global trends in adult body mass index (BMI)
2-2 Body mass index (BMI) trends in children and adolescents (aged 5–19 years)
2-3 Trends in the global prevalence of obesity
2-6 Prevalence of obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30) in adults (aged 18+ years) by world region
2-7 Global trends in type 2 diabetes prevalence
2-8 Ghanaians’ prevalence of overweight and obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥25) by age and location
3-1 Greatest barriers to obesity treatment, as reported by the World Obesity Federation
3-3 Percentage of people who do not meet physical activity recommendations, by sex and global region
5-1 Walking for transportation and leisure: differences by race/ethnicity
TABLE
4-1 Potential Influences on Obesity in Minority Populations of Color
