Index
A
Abortion
adolescents and, 82
life span approach, 294
See also Pregnancy
Accidents. See Injuries
Acute respiratory infection (ARI)
mortality in children from, 290
See also Children;
Respiratory damage
pregnancy-related mortality, 292
sexually transmitted diseases, 250
See also Children
African Census Program, 285
See also Demographic data
African trypanosomiasis, 192, 200-1, 216-9
See also Tropical infectious diseases
Agriculture
chemicals, 191
commercial and nutrition, 56
organic dusts, 192
Sub-Saharan economy and, 183
women in, 184-5
See also Chemicals;
Formal (economic) sector;
Informal (economic) sector
Agrochemicals. See Chemicals
AIDS. See HIV/AIDS
Air pollution
indoor, 162
See also Occupational and environmental health
Alcohol dependence, 146
gender violence and, 43
violent death and, 178
See also Injuries;
Mental health
Alzheimer's disease. See Cognitive development
Anemia. See Iron-deficiency anemia
Antenatal care. See Pregnancy
Autopsy. See Vital registration systems
B
Bacteria. See Biologic agents;
Tropical infectious diseases
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
malnutrition and reproduction, 73
nutritional measures during pregnancy and lactation, 59
Battering. See Gender violence
Benin
nutrition and seasonality in, 57
Bilharziasis. See Schistosomiasis
Biologic agents, 191-2
See also Tropical infectious diseases
Birthweight
intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and, 70
malaria and, 211
nutrition, 61-4
sexually transmitted diseases, 246
See also Micronutrient deficiencies;
Pregnancy
Bladder cancer, 162
See also Cancers
Blindness. See Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis
Blood flukes. See Schistosomiasis
Body mass index (BMI)
by country, 65-6
gender differences and, 68
nutrition and, 63
obesity and, 157
physical capabilities and, 74
seasonality, 57
Botswana
breastfeeding in, 111
contraceptive use in, 109
schizophrenia in, 142
traditional medicine, 98
See also Cancers
Breastfeeding, 80
lactation and, 111-3
onchocerciasis and, 228
See also Pregnancy
Bride price. See Marriage
Brucella, 192
See also Agriculture
Burkina Faso
African trypanosomiasis, 217
labor in, 187
onchocerciasis in, 228
surveys, 285
Burns, 175-6
See also Injuries
Burundi
breastfeeding in, 111
family planning in, 107-8
C
Cameroon
abortion in, 110
family planning in, 108
hypertension, 156
sexually transmitted diseases, 255
Cancers
gender and mortality, 291
life span approach, 294
See also Bladder cancer;
Breast cancer;
Cervical cancer;
Choriocarcinoma;
Colorectal cancers;
Kaposi's sarcoma;
Leukemia and lymphoma;
Liver cancer;
Lung cancers;
Ovarian cancer;
Skin cancers;
Uterine cancer
Cape Verde
gender and mortality, 291
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 152-9, 163-4
cardiomyopathies, 159
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 162-3, 195
coronary artery disease, 153
gender and mortality, 291
rheumatic heart disease, 159, 165, 200
See also Cerebrovascular diseases, Occupational and environmental health;
Tropical infectious diseases
CARE
gender and diet, 68
See also Nutrition
Carnegie Foundation, 3
See also Safe Motherhood Initiative
CATEGO. See Psychiatric tests
CCInfo-Disc. See Occupational and environmental health;
Research needs
Census and surveys
1980s round, 285
vital statistics, 284
See also Demographic data
Central African Republic
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
sexually transmitted diseases, 255
Central nervous system (CNS)
African trypanosomiasis, 216-7
See also Nervous system disorders
Cerebrovascular diseases, 154, 157
oral contraceptives and, 123-4, 127-8
See also Cardiovascular diseases;
Contraceptives
Cervical cancer, 161, 163, 246-7
See also Cancers
Chad
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
See also HIV/AIDS;
Sexually transmitted diseases
Chemicals
agrochemicals, 197
occupational health, 189, 191, 194
poisoning, 175-6
Child labor. See Children
Childbearing. See Pregnancy
Children
African trypanosomiasis, 216-7
dracunculiasis in, 221
fostering, 39
leishmaniasis and leprosy in, 229
malaria, 208
mortality rates, 1
nutritional status by gender, 69
onchocerciasis, 226
schistosomiasis, 213-4
sexual abuse and, 250
trachoma, 219-20
See also Adolescence;
Tropical infectious diseases
Chlamydia
pregnancy and, 246
See also Pelvic inflammatory disease
Cholesterol
comparative studies needed, 165
See also Nutrition
Choriocarcinoma
cancer of, 160-1
gender and mortality, 290
See also Cancers
Chronic energy deficiency (CED), 63-4
See also Nutrition
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). See Cardiovascular diseases
Cognitive development
dementia, 129
malnutrition and, 72
nervous system disorders and, 123-4
Collagen diseases, 123-4, 128-9
See also Nervous system disorders
Colonial experience
and female workers, 185
Colorectal cancers, 161
See also Cancers
Communicable diseases. See Tropical infectious diseases
Congo
adolescent abortions and, 82
hypertension, 156
Contraceptives
contraceptive prevalence surveys (CPS), 285
family planning, 109
sexually transmitted diseases, 251
See also Cerebrovascular diseases;
Family planning
Coronary artery disease (CAD). See Cardiovascular diseases
Côte d'Ivoire
AIDS mortality in, 255
morbidity estimates, 293
D
Demographic and health surveys (DHS), 82
family planning and, 107
mortality rates, 285
See also Vital registration systems
Demographic data, 283-95
passim population growth, 1
See also African Census Program;
Demographic and health surveys
Dementia. See Cognitive development;
Nervous system disorders
Demyelinating diseases, 123-4, 128
See also Nervous system disorders
Depression. See Mental health
Diabetes mellitus (DM), 157-8, 163
infectious diseases, 200
research needs, 165
and stress, 195
See also Tropical infectious diseases
Diarrhea
childhood mortality, 290
See also Children;
Tropical infectious diseases
Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 200
African trypanosomiasis, 216
applications in report, 293
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
malaria in children, 208
onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, 225, 228
sexually transmitted diseases, 242
trachoma, 219-20
tropical infectious diseases, 234
Domestic abuse. See Gender violence;
Vital registration systems
Domestic sector. See Informal (economic) sector
See also Tropical infectious diseases
Drowning, 175-6
See also Injuries
DSM. See Mental health;
Psychiatric tests
E
Economic adjustment programs, 186,
chapter 2 passim
See also Agriculture;
Formal (economic) sector;
Informal (economic) sector;
World Bank
Elephantiasis. See Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis
Environment. See Occupational and environmental health
Epidemiologic catchment area (ECA). See Mental health;
Psychiatric tests
See also Nervous system disorders
Ergonomic stress. See Stress
Ethiopia
cerebrovascular diseases and chronic energy deficiency, 63
family planning in, 108, gender and mortality, 286, 292
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
motor vehicle injuries, 173-4
obesity in, 64
oral contraceptives, 127
traditional medicine, 46
Eysenick Personality Inventory. See Mental health;
Psychiatric tests
F
Family planning, 32, 80, 107-13
oral contraceptives, 158-9
sexually transmitted diseases and, 249, 261
See also Abortion;
Contraceptives
Female genital mutilations (FGM), 81, 100-6
abortion, 110
domestic abuse, 179
onchocerciasis, 227
schistosomiasis, 214
Falls, 175-7
See also Injuries
Fertility. See Pelvic inflammatory disease;
Pregnancy
Food and Agriculture Organization. See World Health Organization
Food and Drug Administration
African trypanosomiasis, 216
Formal (economic) sector
manufacturing in rural areas, 194
women in, 186
See also Agriculture;
Informal (economic) sector
G
Gabon
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
suicides in, 178
Gambia, The
breastfeeding in, 113
infertility in, 248-9
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
population-based data from, 84
schistosomiasis in, 214
surveys, 285
Gender violence, 173
pregnancy and mortality, 86, 90
work and, 191
See also Injuries
General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), 147
See also Mental health
Genital discharge syndrome, 244, 273-5
See also Sexually transmitted diseases
Genital herpes
industrialized nations, 252
Kaposi's sarcoma and, 244
pregnancy and, 246
See also Sexually transmitted diseases
Genital lesions. See Chancroid;
Genital herpes;
Sexually transmitted diseases;
Syphilis
Geriatrics
sexually transmitted diseases, 251
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). See Diabetes mellitus
Ghana
abortion in, 111
cerebrovascular diseases, 127
hypertension, 156
menopause, 113
morbidity estimates, 293
research needs, 130
schizophrenia in, 142
smoking, 155
surveys, 285
traditional medicine, 98
Gishiri cuts. See Traditional medicine
Global burden of disease (GBD), 200, 230
See also Disability-adjusted life years;
World Bank;
World Health Organization
Gonorrhea, 253
pregnancy and, 246
See also Sexually transmitted diseases
A Guide to Women of Kenya on Rape and the Legal Process, 43
See also Gender violence;
Kenya;
Marriage
Guinea worm disease. See Dracunculiasis
HHeadache syndromes, 123-4, 126
See also Nervous system disorders
Health services
education, 32-5
gender-related summary, 7-24
See also Cardiovascular diseases;
Injuries;
Mental health;
Nutrition;
Occupational and environmental health;
Pregnancy;
Sexually transmitted diseases;
Tropical infectious diseases
Hepatitis. See Biologic agents;
Tropical infectious diseases
Herpes virus. See Genital herpes
HIV/AIDS
asymptomatic nature, 243-4
breast feeding, 80
by country (table), 278
economic impact of, 255
female legal status, 37
geriatrics and, 251
malaria and, 211-2
morbidity and mortality, 252-5
Homicides and suicides, 172
gender differences, 177-8
See also Injuries
Hookworm. See Dracunculiasis
Household injuries, 169
See also Injuries
Human papillomavirus. See Cervical cancer
Human Development Index (HDI), 26-7
See also United Nations Development Programme
Human Development Report (HDR), 26
See also United Nations Development Programme
Hypertension. See Cardiovascular diseases
I
ICD. See International Classification of Diseases
Immunization of children
epilepsies and, 128
See also Children
Income, family, 186-7
Infectious diseases. See Tropical infectious diseases
Informal (economic) sector
See also Agriculture;
Formal (economic) sector;
Occupational and environmental health
Injuries
by age, 180
occupational injuries, 188
public health and, 169-71
rehabilitation, 195-6
See also Alcohol dependence;
Burns;
Drowning;
Gender violence;
Health services;
Motor vehicle injuries;
Occupational and environmental health
Institute of Medicine, 2-3
International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 85
International Development Research Center (IDRC), 32
International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade
gender and mortality, 291
See also Dracunculiasis, 223
International Food Policy Research Institute, 56
International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS), 143, 149
See also Schizophrenia;
World Health Organization
Investing in Health
disabilities, 293
See also World Bank
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), 66-7, 76
cognitive development, 72, 126
gender differences, 68
See also Nutrition
Iron-deficiency anemia
gender differences, 54
maternal mortality and, 70, 96
schistosomiasis and, 213
See also Micronutrient deficiencies;
Nutrition
K
Kaposi's sarcoma, 244
See also Cancers;
HIV/AIDS
Kenya
African trypanosomiasis, 217
air pollution in, 163
breastfeeding in, 113
cash-cropping and nutrition, 56
chronic energy deficiency, 63-4
contraceptive use in, 109, 127
education, 32
gender violence, 43, 178-9, 250
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
motor vehicle injuries, 173-4
pelvic inflammatory disease, 245
population-based data from, 84
See also Demographic data
L
Labor force. See Agriculture;
Formal (economic) sector;
Informal (economic) sector;
Migrant labor
Lactation. See Breastfeeding
Lancet
on disabilities, 293
Legal status
land laws, 185
widows, 37
women, 38-9
See also Refugees;
Widowhood
Leishmaniasis and leprosy, 200-1, 228-30
See also Tropical infectious diseases
Leukemia and lymphoma, 161, 163
See also Cancers
Liberia
adolescent abortions and, 82-3
gender violence in, 179
schistosomiasis in, 213
Life cycle. See Life span
See also Demographic data
Life span
cognition, 72
defined, 2-6
menopause, 83
nervous system disorders, 123, 129
nutrition, 68-75
passim obstetric complications, 114
occupational and environmental health, 189-90, 193, 196
sexually transmitted diseases, 249
tropical infectious diseases, 235
Liver cancer, 162
See also Cancers
Living Standards Measurement Studies (LSMS), 285
morbidity estimates, 293
See also Demographic data
Lung cancers, 161
See also Cancers
Lupus, 129
See also Nervous system disorders
M
Malaria, 192, 200, 205-6, 208-12
childhood mortality, 290-1
See also Tropical infectious diseases
Malawi
agriculture, 55-6
gender and mortality, 27-8, 288
sexually transmitted diseases, 247
traditional medicine, 98
Mali
adolescent abortions and, 82-3
births in, 86
breastfeeding in, 111
gender and mortality, 27-8, 288, 291-2
schistosomiasis in, 214
Manufacturing. See Formal (economic) sector
Marriage
female genital mutilation, 104
mental health, 137
polygamy, 43
Maternal and child health (MCH) centers, 106
See also Pregnancy
Maternal morbidity and mortality. See Pregnancy
Mauritania
nutrition, 62
Mauritius
family planning in, 107-8
Measles
childhood mortality, 290-1
See also Children;
Tropical infectious diseases
Medical distance
and female health care, 28-9
risk factors, 92-3
mental health and, 137
See also Life span
Mental health, 10
gender and, 136-7, 138-40, 144, 146-7
See also Psychiatric tests;
Schizophrenia
Micronutrient deficiencies, 64-7
passim environmental health, 197
gender and, 68
obstetric complications and, 114
schistosomiasis and, 213
See also Body mass index;
Iodine deficiency disorder;
Iron-deficiency anemia;
Protein-energy malnutrition;
Vitamin deficiency
Midwives. See Traditional medicine
Migraine. See Headache syndromes
Migrant labor, 184-5
female-headed households, 195
Migratory diseases, 194
See also Tropical infectious diseases
MONICA comparative study, 164
See also Demographic data;
Research needs
Morbidity and mortality. See HIV/AIDS;
individual country names;
Occupational and environmental health;
Pregnancy;
Tropical infectious diseases;
Sexually transmitted diseases
Motor vehicle injuries, 173-5
regional, 283
gender differences, 286-7
historical, 290
See also Injuries
Mozambique
iodine deficiency disorders, 126
quality of maternal care in, 107
sexually transmitted diseases, 41, 260
N
National Research Council, 3
National Traditional Healers Association of Zimbabwe, 45
See also Traditional medicine;
Zimbabwe
Neoplastic disorders. See cancers
Nervous system disorders, 10
See also Cerebrovascular diseases;
Cognitive development;
Collagen diseases;
Demyelinating diseases;
Epilepsies;
Headache syndromes;
Lupus;
Toxic disorders
Neurotoxicity. See Toxic disorders
Niger
at-home deliveries, 84
dracunculiasis in, 224
gender and diet, 68
Nigeria
anemia in pregnant women in, 66
births in, 86
cerebrovascular diseases, 127
demographic surveys, 285
dracunculiasis in, 221-5
family planning in, 108
gender and mortality, 286
headache syndromes, 126-7
homicides and suicides, 172, 178
injuries, 169, 171, 173-4, 176
malaria in children, 208
mental health, 138-44
obesity, 157
onchocerciasis, 226-7
postreproductive issues, 113-4
schistosomiasis in, 213-4
sexually transmitted diseases, 83
smoking in, 155
traditional medicine, 98
Noncommunicable diseases. See Cancers;
Cardiovascular diseases;
Diabetes mellitus
Nutrition
comparative studies, 165
gender differences, 7
infants, 70
physical work and, 73-4
seasonal variations in, 57
traditional practices, 46
See also Chronic energy deficiency;
Obesity;
Protein-energy malnutrition
O
Obesity, 64
cardiovascular disorders, 157
See also Nutrition
Obstetrics. See Pregnancy
Occupational and environmental health, 11, 183-99
passim See also Agriculture;
Chemicals;
Formal (economic) sector;
Informal (economic) sector;
Injuries
Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, 192, 200-1, 225-8
See also Tropical infectious diseases
Oral Contraceptives. See Contraceptives;
Family planning
Orphanhood method
mortality and, 284-5
See also Demographic data
Outcomes study, 142-3
See also Mental health;
World Health Organization
Ovarian cancer, 160-1
See also Cancers
P
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 177
Passive smoke. See Smoking
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 243-5, 251
fertility, 245
and morbidity, 252
research needs, 262
Petroleum industry, 183
Poisoning. See Chemicals;
Injuries
Polygamy. See Marriage
Population. See Demographic data
Pregnancy
African trypanosomiasis, 218-9
antenatal care, 106-7
dracunculiasis during, 223
ectopic and pelvic inflammatory disease, 244-5
health services and, 106-7
malaria during, 209-2
mental health and, 147-8
mortality, 7, 70, 80, 82-3, 86-7, 90-1, 94-7, 291-2
onchocerciasis and, 227-8
schistosomiasis and, 215
sexually transmitted diseases and, 261, 263
suicides and, 178
tropical infectious diseases, 231
work and, 190
See also Abortion;
Birthweight
Present state examination (PSE). See Mental health;
Psychiatric tests
Prevention of Maternal Mortality Network. See Safe Motherhood Initiative
Prostitution, 187
See also Sexually transmitted diseases
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), 54, 59-60, 64, 74-5
diarrhea and, 71
gender differences and, 68
infant mortality and, 70
nervous system disorders, 123-4
pregnancy, 54
See also Nutrition
Psychiatric tests
Epidemiologic catchment area, 138
in medical settings, 144-7
Present State Examination, 137-8, 147
Schedule for the Assessment of Depressive Disorders, 141
Self-Reporting Questionnaire, 140
Puerperium. See Mental health;
Pregnancy
Q
Quality of life years (QUALY)
research needs, 295
R
Race violence, 177
See also Gender violence
Rape. See Gender violence
Refugees, 41
See also Legal status
Rehabilitation. See Injuries
Report on the World Nutrition Situation. See Nutrition;
United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/A System of National Accounts
Reproduction. See Life span;
Pregnancy
cardiopulmonary diseases, 159, 164-5
demographic data, 83-5, 283, 295
ergonomic stress, 193
gender violence, 177
life span approach, 292-4
mortality/morbidity, 22-3, 90, 116
nervous system disorders, 129-30
noncommunicable diseases, 152
occupational and environmental data, 184, 188, 196-7
sexually transmitted diseases, 249, 253, 261-3
tropical infectious diseases, 205, 231-5
See also Acute respiratory infection
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD). See Cardiovascular diseases
Rwanda
cash-cropping and nutrition, 56
gender violence in, 179
health care access, 29
S
Safe Motherhood Conference. See United Nations Funds for Population Activities
Safe Motherhood Initiative, 32, 93, 114, 116
Schedule for the Assessment of Depressive Disorders (SADD). See Mental health;
Psychiatric tests;
World Health Organization
Schistosomiasis, 192, 200, 212-5
See also Tropical infectious diseases
See also Mental health;
Psychiatric tests
Self-Reporting Questionnaire. See Psychiatric tests
Senegal
malnutrition and reproduction, 73
mental health in, 140
surveys, 285
Service sector. See Formal (economic) sector
Sexual abuse
against children, 250
See also Children
Sexually transmitted diseases (STD), 7, 11, 81
blood transfusions, 96
female genital mutilation and, 104
gender differences and, 40, 242-3, 247-8, 260-1, 292
life span approach, 294
mental health, 138
mortality, 255
prevalence by country, 254
stigma, 32
technology, 262
See also Chlamydia;
Genital discharge syndrome;
Genital herpes;
Gonorrhea;
HIV/AIDS;
Pelvic inflammatory disease;
Syphilis;
Trichomoniasis
Sierra Leone
female genital mutilation in, 101
gender and mortality, 291
Sisterhood method
adult mortality, 284-5
maternal mortality and, 85
See also Research needs
Skin cancers, 161
research needs, 165
See also Cancers
comparative studies of, 165
Social Security, 186
See also Formal (economic) sector
Somalia
gender violence in, 179
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
South Africa
abortion in, 111
alcohol and suicide, 178
gender and mortality, 291
gender violence, 178
headache syndromes, 126-7
health care access, 29
hypertension, 156
obesity and, 157
race violence, 177
vital registration systems, 284
Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), 200
and trachoma, 219
See also World Health Organization
Spousal abuse. See Gender violence
diabetes and, 195
Stroke. See Cerebrovascular diseases
Stunting. See Nutrition
Sub-Saharan Africa
defined, 5
See also individual country names
Sudan
dracunculiasis in, 224
female genital mutiliation in, 101
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
malaria and pregnancy, 210-1
mental health in, 140
schizophrenia in, 142
Sugar cane
cash-cropping and nutrition, 56
See also Agriculture
Swaziland
traditional medicine in, 98
Syphilis, 243
by country, 276-7
gender and, 247
See also Sexually transmitted diseases
T
Tanzania
diabetes mellitus, 158
health care access, 29
iodine deficiency disorders, 126
malaria during pregnancy, 210
schistosomiasis in, 213
trachoma, 220
traditional medicine in, 98
Togo
gender and mortality, 286
Toxic disorders, 123-5
toxoplasma, 192
research needs, 130
See also Agriculture;
Chemicals;
Nervous system disorders;
Nutrition;
Occupational and environmental health
See also Tropical infectious diseases
Traditional medicine, 32, 45-7
physiological questions, 80
traditional birth attendants, 47, 97-8
See also Nutrition
Trichomoniasis
pregnancy and, 246
See also Sexually transmitted diseases
Tropical infectious diseases, 7, 11, 81
biological consequences, 206-7
gender differences, 201-5, 230-1, 291
See also African trypanosomiasis;
Dracunculiasis;
Female genital mutilations;
Leishmaniasis and leprosy;
Onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis;
Malaria;
Measles;
Schistosomiasis
Tunisia
gender and mortality, 286-8
U
Uganda
gender violence in, 179
leishmaniasis and leprosy, 229
malaria in, 212
mental health in, 140-1
UNICEF
gender violence, 177-8
infant mortality, 70
United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/A System of National Accounts (ACC/SCN), 59-60
iron-deficiency and, 66
research goals, 76
See also Iron-deficiency anemia;
Research needs
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
dracunculiasis and, 223
poverty 36
See also Human Development Index;
Human Development Report
United Nations Funds for Population Activities
Safe Motherhood Conference, 95, 114
United Nations International Conference on Population and Development 2
University College Hospital Mental health study, 144
See also Mental health;
Nigeria
Urban-rural bias
gender and mortality, 290
health care availability and, 29
mental health, 136-7
nutrition, 57
Uterine cancer, 160-1
See also Cancer
V
Viruses. See Biologic agents;
HIV/AIDS
Vital registration systems, 284-6
See also Demographic and health surveys;
Demographic data
W
War, 40-1
sexually transmitted diseases and, 260
Water and Sanitation for Health (WASH) Project, 223
See also Dracunculiasis;
Nigeria
Widowhood
economic adjustments and, 37, 45
and war, 38
Widowhood method
adult mortality, 284-5
See also Demographic data
World Bank
gender and mortality, 290
life span, 2-3
mortality and, 26-7
Safe Motherhood Conference, 114
World Development Report 1993 (WDR), 26
DALYs, 293
World Fertility Surveys (WFS), 285
World Health Assembly
dracunculiasis, 223-4
World Health Organization (WHO)
African trypanosomiasis, 216-7
gender and mental health, 141-9
injury data, 171-2
iron-deficiency anemia and, 64
leprosy, 228-9
maternal death statistics and, 85
Safe Motherhood Conference, 114, Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, 68
See also Micronutrient deficiencies
Z
Zaire
adolescent abortions and, 82-3
African trypanosomiasis in, 216
chronic energy deficiency in, 64
gender and mortality, 286
HIV-infected infants, 246
iodine deficiency disorders, 126
nutrition and pregnancy in, 58-9, 73, 113
sexually transmitted diseases, 247
Zambia
abortion in, 110-1
African trypanosomiasis, 217
health care access, 29
homicides and suicides, 172
Kaposi's sarcoma in, 244
sexually transmitted diseases in, 246, 247, 252
Zimbabwe
abortion in, 110
births in, 86
chronic energy deficiency, 63-4
contraceptive use in, 109
injuries, 172
iodine deficiency disorders, 67
obesity in, 64
postreproductive diseases in, 114
traditional medicine, 98
schistosomiasis in, 213
skin cancers in, 161
Zinc deficiency
morbidity and, 71
See also Micronutrient deficiencies
