Appendix A
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone
ALS
Advanced Life Support (program)
ANS
Autonomic nervous system
AT
Ataxia telangiectasia
BMC
Bone mineral content
BMD
Bone mineral density
BMP
Bone morphogenetic proteins
CAM
Cell adhesion molecule
CELSS
Closed Ecological Life Support System program (NASA)
CRM
Crew resource management
CSA
Canadian Space Agency
CSBM
Committee on Space Biology and Medicine
CSST
Crew Status and Support Tracker
CVP
Central venous pressure
DEZ
Distal elongation zone (of a plant root)
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
EEG
Electroencephalograph
EGG
Electrogastrogram
EKG
Electrocardiograph
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ES
Embryonic stem (cell)
ESA
European Space Agency
EVA
Extravehicular activity
FGF
Fibroblast growth factor
fMRI
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
GCR
Galactic cosmic radiation
GH
Growth hormone
GM-CFU
Granulocyte macrophage colony forming unit
HPA
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
HU
Hindlimb unloading
HZE
High atomic number (Z), high energy
ICE
Isolated and confined environments
ICRP
International Commission on Radiological Protection
Ig
Immunoglobulin
IGF
Insulin-like growth factor
IL
Interleukin
IML
International Microgravity Laboratory
ISS
International Space Station
JSC
Johnson Space Center
LBNP
Lower body negative pressure
LEO
Low Earth orbit
LET
Linear energy transfer
LMS
Life and Microgravity Sciences (1996 shuttle mission)
LOFT
Line-oriented flight training
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
NAS
National Academy of Sciences
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASDA
National Space Development Agency of Japan
NCRP
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
NIH
National Institutes of Health
NRA
NASA Research Announcement
NRC
National Research Council
NSCORT
NASA Specialized Centers of Research and Training
NSF
National Science Foundation
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
PI
Principal investigator
PTH
Parathyroid hormone
RBC
Red blood cell
RBE
Relative biological effectiveness
RNA
Ribonucleic acid
RSA
Russian Space Agency
SAM
Sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system
SL-J
Space Laboratory-Japan
SLS
Spacelab for Life Sciences
SMS
Space motion sickness
SMSP
Shuttle-Mir Space Program
SPE
Solar particle event
TGF
Tumor growth factor
TNF
Tumor necrosis factor
VOR
Vestibular ocular reflex, vestibulo-ocular reflex
