National Academies Press: OpenBook

Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response (1999)

Chapter: Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis

« Previous: Appendix A: Committee and Staff Biographies
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 221

Appendix B
Inventory of Chemical and Biological
Defense Technology, with
Gap and Overlap Analysis

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 222

Personal Protective Equipment

07-Oct-98

Type

Product

Location/PI

Breathing

   
 

RP51A Respirator canister

Cabot Safety Products

 

PBE (Protective Breathing Equipment)

Essex PB&R Corp.

 

SCU (Self-Contained Unit)

Essex PB&R Corp.

 

VRU (Victim Rescue Unit)

Essex PB&R Corp.

 

Plus 10 Filter Breathing Unit

Essex PB&R Corp.

 

Escape hood/mask for VIPs

Fume Free, Inc

 

QuickMask Respiratory Protective Escape Device

Fume-Free, Inc.

 

FRENZY AIR 5000 breathing apparatus

Giat Industries (France)

 

Respiratory protection filter kits

Giat Industries

 

SPIROMATIC 90

Giat Industries

 

Recirculation Filter Blower

ILC Dover, Inc.

 

CAPS (Civilian Adult Protective System)

Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)

 

CHIPS (Chemical Infant Protective System)

Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)

 

Children Hood Blower System

Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)

 

Advanced Crew Member Blower System

Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)

 

Portable Blower Infant Protective Crib

Israel Ministry of Defense Export Organization (SIBAT)

 

M17 series masks

MSA Defense Products

 

Respirator canister Model 800375

MSA Safety Products

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 223

(Table continued from previous page)

Type

Product

Location/PI

Breathing

   
 

ESP Mask Communication System

MSA Safety Products

 

Escort (SCBA) Escape Self Contained Breathing Apparatus

Racal

 

Respirator Canister Model 456-00-07R 06

Racal

 

Disposable respirators

Racal

 

Respirator canister Model 110100

Survivair

 

M-40A1 series masks

Tradeways (Md)

 

Method for filtering CB agents from airflow in confined space

TSWG (R&D only)

 

First responders mask (FIRM)

TSWG (R&D only)

Clothing

   
 

Mark IV permeable NBC Suit

ADI (UK)

 

Remploy Tyvek F-M(ilitary) ensemble

ADI

 

JLIST (Joint Service Lightweight integrated NBC protective suit technology)

CBDCOM (R&D only)

 

STEPO (Self-contained toxic environment protective outfit)

Chemfab Corp (NH)

 

Biomimetic materials

DARPA/Molecular Geodesics (R&D only)

 

Man-in-Simulant Test Program

Dugway Proving Grounds (R&D only)

 

Low-cost protective suits

Geomet Technologies

 

Field Marking Kits

Giat Industries

 

TOM suit kit

Giat Industries

 

Gastight suit for internal breathing apparatus

Giat Industries

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 224

(Table continued from previous page)

Type

Product

Location/PI

Clothing

   
 

UNISCAPH gastight suit for external BA

Giat Industries

 

Cool Vest Personal Cooling Garment

ILC Dover, Inc.

 

Chemturion: Reusable Level A Suit

ILC Dover, Inc.

 

Ready 1 Limited Use Level A Suit

ILC Dover, Inc.

 

Cooling Vests

Kappler Protective Apparel and Fabrics

 

Responder CSM Garments

Kappler Protective Apparel and Fabrics

 

Pressure test kits

Kappler Protective Apparel and Fabrics

 

Chemical Protective Overgarment

Marine Corps Systems Command (R&D only)

 

Functionally Tailored Fibers and Fabrics

Natick RDEC (R&D only)

 

Firefighters Integrated protective Suit - Combat (FISC)

Natick RDEC (R&D only)

 

Advanced Lightweight Chemical Protection

Natick RDEC (R&D only)

 

Level B Suit

Responder-Geomet

 

Level A Suit

Responder-Geomet

 

SARATOGA-Pyjama Chemical Protective Undergarment

Tex-Shield, Inc (NJ)

 

CW-66 Chemical Protective Flight Coverall

U.S. Air Force

 

(BDO) Battledress overgarment

Winfield International (NY)

Clothing and Breathing

   
 

Domestic Preparedness Civilian PPE Testing Program

CBDCOM (R&D only)

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 225

(Table continued from previous page)

Type

Product

Location/PI

Clothing and Breathing

   
 

(CBPSS) Chemical Biological Protective Shelter System

Engineered Air Systems (Mo)

 

Individual Protective Kit

Giat Industries

 

Rescue and Lifting Kit

Giat Industries

 

Ventilated casualty bag

Giat Industries

 

Ventilated casualty hood

Giat Industries

 

ILC Dover Transportable Collective Protection System

ILC Dover

 

M20A1 SCPE (Simplified Collective Protection System)

ILC Dover, Inc.

 

Improvements to existing C/B Bomb suit

Tech Escort Unit (R&D only)

 

Expedient Hazard Reduction System

TSWG (R&D only)

 

ILC Dover Transportable Collective Protection System

ILC Dover

 

Protection assessment test system

U.S. Army (R&D only)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 226

Chemical Agent Detection

30-Sep-98

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Commercial

   
 

ACAMS Automated Continuous Air Monitoring System

ABB Process Analytics

 

Remote molecular air quality monitoring system (FTIR)

AIL Diversified Products Group

 

Nerve agent vapor detector (NAVD)

Anachemia Canada Inc.

 

Paper, Chemical Agent Liquid Detectors, 3-WAY

Anachemia Canada Inc.

 

C2 chemical agent detector kit

Anachemia Canada Inc.

 

CUB 800

Bear Instruments, Inc.

 

Infrared Detector for Gas Chromatograph

Biorad, Digilab Division

 

Transform spectrometer

Bomem Inc.

 

TYPE 1306 Toxic-Gas Monitor

Bruel and Kjaer Instruments

 

TYPE 1302 multigas monitor

Bruel and Kjaer Instruments

 

Rapid Alarm and Identification Device (AID-1)

Bruel and Kjaer Instruments

 

Chemical Surety Chamber and Lab

Calspan Corporation

 

Automatic Liquid Agent Detector (ALAD) System

Calspan Corporation

 

Miniature Chemical Agent Monitor (MINICAM)

CMS Research Corporation

 

Detector tubes

Draeger

 

Continuous Chemical Agents Sensor (CHASE)

Elbit-Ati Instruments

 

4100 vapor detector

Electronic Sensor Technology

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 227

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Commercial

   
 

Improved Chemical Agent Monitor (ICAM-APD)

Environmental Technologies

 

APD2000 Hand-held CW/radiation detector/monitor

Environmental Technologies

 

Miniature Chemical Agent Detector (ICAD)

Environmental Technologies

 

Chemical Agent Monitor (CAM)

Environmental Technologies

 

Detalac Automatic Detector of Nerve gas agents

Giat Industries

 

Environmental Vapor Monitor (EVM)

Graseby Dynamics Ltd (UK)

 

Point Chemical Agent Detector (GID-3)

Graseby Dynamics

 

HP 6890 Plus Gas Chromatograph

Hewlett-Packard

 

HP 2350 Atomic Emission Detector

Hewlett-Packard Co.

 

HP 5973 MSD

Hewlett-Packard Co.

 

Improved Chemical Agent Monitor (ICAM)

Intellitec (Florida)

 

M8A1 automatic chemical agent alarm (M43A1 and M42)

Intellitec (Florida)

 

AN/KAS-1 Chemical Warfare Directional Detector (standoff)

Intellitec (Florida)

 

M21 Remote sensing chemical agent alarm (RSCAAL)

Intellitec (Florida)

 

Nerve Agent Immobilized-Enzyme Alarm and Detector (NAIAD)

Jasmin Simtec Limited

 

SAW MiniCAD miniature chemical agent detector

Microsensor Systems, Inc.

 

CW Sentry

Microsensor Systems, Inc.,

 

RCAD II Monitor

Microsensor Systems, Inc.,

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 228

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Commercial

   
 

EKHO

Mine Safety Appliances Co.

 

Field MINICAMS (FM-2000)

OI Analytical, Inc

 

Phemtochem Ion Mobility Spectrometer, Model 110

PCP Inc.

 

API 365

Pe Sciex

 

Microchromatography

PerSeptive Biosystems, Inc.

 

AP2C Family of Chemical Agent Detectors

Proengin S.A. (France)

 

MINIRAE Plus

Rae Systems

 

Direct-Reading Tubes

Sensidyne

 

M90D1-A Chemical detector

Sensor Application Inc (VA)

 

Scentograph Plus II with AID/RCD Detector

Sentex Systems Inc.

 

Scentoscreen (Gas Chromatograph) with Argon Ionization Detector

Sentex Systems Inc.

 

SCX-20 VOC Monitor

Spectrex Corporation

 

Dual Flame Photometric Detector

SRI Instruments Inc.

 

TestMate portable blood cholinesterase test system

TestMate, Inc

 

Miran Sapphire

The Foxboro Company

 

Chemical agent point detection system for ships (CPDS)

Tradeways Ltd (MD)

 

M8 Chemical detection paper

Tradeways Ltd (VA)

 

M9 Chemical detection paper

Tradeways Ltd (VA)

 

M256A1 Chemical detection kit

Truetech Inc (NY)

 

M272 Water testing kit

Truetech Inc (NY)

 

M18A2 Chemical detection kit

Truetech, Inc (NY)

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 229

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Commercial

   
 

SATURN

Varian Chromatography Systems

 

Portable GC/MS systems: Spectra Trak and CADIS

Viking Instruments Corporation

 

Mass-Spec-On-Chip (MSOC)

Westinghouse Electronic System

Field testing

   
 

FBI Fly-away Laboratory

Unknown

 

Nonintrusive interrogation of closed containers

Battelle Columbus

 

CB mass spectrometer (CBMS I)

Bruker Instruments

 

Air Transportable Modular Analytical Laboratory (MODLAB)

CBDCOM

 

XM22 Advanced Chemical Agent Detector/alarm (ACADA)

ERDEC/Nowack

 

SOF Chemical Agent Detector w low false positives

Graseby

 

GI-MINI Miniature Chemical Warfare Detector/Monitor

Graseby Dynamics

 

Rugged, portable GC-MS for CW agents

LLNL

 

Multipurpose integrated chemical agent alarm (MICAD)

Lockheed Martin

 

Shipboard Automatic Liquid Agent Detector (SALAD)

Naval Sea Systems Command

 

Improved Point Detection System (IPDS)

Naval Sea Systems Command

 

SAWRHINO (nerve and vesicant agents)

NRL/Veneskey

 

LabChip applications to ChE and immunoassays of selected CBW agents

ORNL/Ramsey

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 230

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Field testing

   
 

Bruker Ims Point Chemical Detector (PCD)

Bruker Saxonia Analytik (Germany)

 

Minitube Air Sampling System (MASS)

Canadian Centre for Advanced Instrumentation

 

Chemical Agent Detection System II (CADS II)

Scientific Instrumentation Limited (Canada)

 

Laser Remote Detector

Research Institute 070 BRNO (Czech Republic)

 

MARK 1 Detector Kit Chemical Agent Residual Vapor (RVD)

Richmond Packaging (UK) Limited

U.S. Government

   
 

Contract Labs

EPA Envir Response Team Center (NJ) (Lafornara)

 

TAGA 6000E MS/MS-triple quadrapole

EPA Envir Response Team Center (NJ) (Lafornara)

 

Mobile lab

EPA Envir Response Team Center (NJ) (Lafornara)

Laboratory Research

   
 

Canine detection of low level CW

Auburn: Lackland AFB

 

Wearable dosimeter indicating cumulative exposure

CWC Treaty Lab

 

Miniature GC-IMS

DARPA (Technispan) G. Spangler

 

Joint service lightweight standoff chemical agent detector (JSLSCAD)

JPOBD

 

Joint Service Chemical Agent Detector (JCAD)

JPOCD

 

Joint Service Chemical Warning and Identification LIDAR

JPOCD

 

Miniaturized liquid chromatography

M.D. Porter, Iowa State University

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 231

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Laboratory Research

   
 

Micro-mass spectrometer for containment gas monitoring

M.P. Sinha, Imaging and Spectrometry Systems Technology

 

Neuron Chip

NRL/F. Ligler

 

Micro unmanned chemical and biological sensor vehicle

NRL/R. Foch

 

CB mass spectrometer Block 2 (CBMS II)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

 

Advanced Ion-trap mass spectrometry

ORNL/S. McLuckey

 

Capillary electrophoretic methods for monitoring spacecraft water

NASA/R.L. Sauer

 

Enzyme-FET

Sandia National Lab/Thomas

 

Parallel Micro Separations-based Detection (PMSD)

SNL/Vitko

 

Noninvasive methemoglobin measurement

USAMRMC

Military

   
 

GS/MS detection of chlorovinylarsenous acid (from Lewisite) in urine

USAMRMC

 

GS/MS detection of phosphonic acids (from GA, VX) in patient fluids

USAMRMC

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 232

Epidemiology Resources

13-Oct-98

Availability

Product

Source

Operational

   
 

Associate

Carter-Melloy Corp

 

National Electronic Telecommunication-System for Surveillance (NETSS)

CDC

 

Public Health Lab Information System

CDC

 

Communicable Disease Surveillance Center (CDSC)

England/Wales

 

Salm-Net

European Union

 

ProMed (Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases)

FASEB

 

National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)

FDA/CDC/USDA

 

GIDEON (Global Infectious Disease Epidemiology Network)

Gideon USA

 

Canadian Bacterial Disease Network (CBDN)

NCE

 

Air Force Global Surveillance

U.S. Air Force

 

WHO Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER)

WHO

 

Outbreak

WWW

 

Emerging Infectious Disease Initiative

CDC

Planned

   
 

Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS)

DoD

 

Global Public Health Intelligence

Health Canada

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 233

Symptom-Based Diagnosis Systems

30-Sep-98

Availability

Product

Source

Operational

   
 

Associate

Carter-Melloy Corp

 

NBC indicator symptom matrix

Defense Protective Services/ M. Dougherty

 

Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network

Gideon, USA

Planned

   
 

Emergindex

Micromedex, Inc.

 

Drugdex

Micromedex, Inc.

 

Poisindex

Micromedex, Inc.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 234

Biological Agent Detection

13-Oct-98

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Commercial

   
 

LIfeChip High-Density Nucleic Acid Microarrays

Affymetrix, Inc.

 

Profile 1 Bioluminometer

Environmental Technologies

 

SMART Biological Warfare Detection Tickets

Environmental Technologies

 

Biological integrated detection system (BIDS)

Environmental Technologies

 

LightCycler (LC32) Thermal cycler microvolume fluorimeter

Idaho Technology

 

SpinCon High-volume Portable Air Sampler

Midwest Research Institute (MRI)

Field tests

   
 

PathoSeq bacterial gene sequence library

Affymetrix, Inc.

 

Modification of NMRI handheld BW tickets

Battelle/NMRI

 

CB mass spectrometer (CBMS I)

Bruker Instruments

 

Biological Microchips for Field Analysis of Microorganisms

DARPA (ANL, A. Mirzabekov)

 

Mini Mass Spectrometer for Biodetection

DARPA (JHU/APL, W. Bryden)

 

16S Ribosomal RNA Hierarchical Analysis

DARPA (Northwestern U.) Stabl

 

Miniature Environmental Air Sampler Using Aerogel

DARPA (PSR, Inc.) UVA, C. Daitch, P. Norris

 

Hierarchical Analysis of Unknown Biological Samples

Duke Univ./Wilson

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 235

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Field tests

   
 

Simultaneous immunoPCR and genomic PCR

DuPont/Ebersole

 

ALERT Lateral Flow Immunoassay Tickets

ERDEC/Emanuel and Valdes

 

Integrated Virus Detection System

ERDEC/Wick and EnVirion, L.C.

 

High speed chemical analysis of DNA by TOF-MS

Gene Trace Systems

 

Interim biological agent detector (IBAD)

JPOBD

 

Compact DNA-based Bacterial Identification by Flow Cytometry

LANL/B. Marrone

 

Antibiotic Resistance Detection

LANL/Jackson; N. Ariz. U./Keil

 

BW Genetic Sequencing

LANL/Jackson; LLNL; Duke/Wilson

 

Self-assembling thin film biosensors

LBNL/Charych

 

Improved methods to isolate and process DNA from environmental samples

LLNL/Carrano; LANL/Kuske

 

Miniature PCR-based Bioagent Detector

LLNL/Marriella

 

Marine Corps Unit Biological Detector

MARCORSYSCOM/Bryce

 

DNA Dipstick

Molecular Tools, Inc./Boyce-Jacino

 

Handheld Assay SMART Tickets

NMRI/Churilla

 

Automated Programmable

Nanogen, Inc. Electronic Matrix APEX microchip

 

Rapid PCR assays for BW detection

NMRI/Long and identification

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 236

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Field tests

   
 

Single Particle Fluoresence Counter

NRL/Eversole

 

Analyate 2000 Fiberoptic waveguide biodetector

NRL/Ligler

 

LabChip applications to ChE and immunoassays of selected CBW agents

ORNL/Ramsey

 

Long range biological standoff detection system (XM94)

Schwartz Electro-Optics

 

Chem/Bio Sentry System

Tech Escort Unit

Laboratory

   
 

FBI Fly-away Laboratory

Unknown

 

Liquid phase piezoelectric immunosensors

A.A. Suleiman, Southern U.

 

Joint biological point detection system (JBPDS)

CBDCOM

 

Nanoscale DNA

CuraGen Corp.

 

Advanced Diagnostics Program

DARPA

 

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Hybrid Optical Sensor

DARPA (Electro-Optics, Inc.) P. Titterton

 

Novel Biodetection by Spore-specific Phosphorescen

DARPA (IIT Research Inst.) K. Rajan

 

Next Generation, Integrated Biosensor Research

DARPA (Pacific Sierra) UVA, C. Daitch, P. Norris

 

Smart Aerogels for Application in Biowarfare

DARPA (PSR, Inc.) UVA, C. Daitch, P. Norris

 

Upconverting Phosphor Flow Cytometer

DARPA (SRI, J. Carrico)

 

Upconverting Phosphor Compact

DARPA (SRI, J. Carrico) Handheld Biosensor

 

Novel Antibody Reagents (Immunoplastics) for Sensors

DARPA (U. of TX, G. Georgiou)

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 237

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Laboratory

   
 

Structure-based Ligands to Capture Microorganisms

DARPA (U. of Ala., Birm) L. DeLucas

 

Capture of Pathogenic Microbes

DARPA (Utah State U.) L. Powers

 

Pathogenic Microbe Sensor Technology

DARPA (Utah State U.) B. Weimer

 

Rapid methods of detecting BW agents on food

FDA; U. of Md.

 

Rapid bacterial testing for spacecraft water

G.A. McFeters, Montana State U.

 

Microbial monitoring based on quantitative PCR

G.H. Cassell, U. of Alabama, Birmingham

 

MALDI-MS for identifying intact whole bacteria

Joint Inst Food Safety and Appl Nutrition/Musser

 

Joint Biological Remote Early Warning System (JBREWS)

JPOBD

 

Simultaneous monitoring of multiple bacteria in spacecraft

M.D. Eggers, Genometrix, Inc.

 

IGEN PCR Biosensor Assay

NMRI/Churilla

 

Recombinant antibodies for BW Agents

NMRI/Churilla

 

DNA Detection via Current-Rectifying Oligonucleotides

Northwestern U./Mirkin

 

Force Amplified Biological Sensor (FABS)

NRL/Colton

 

A Multiplexed Immunosensor based on Lateral Force Microscopy

NRL/Gaber

 

Automated Multiagent Sensor

NRL/Ligler

 

Neuron Chip

NRL/Ligler

 

Micro unmanned chemical and biological sensor vehicles

NRL/R.Foch

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 238

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source or Laboratory/PI

Laboratory

   
 

CB mass spectrometer Block 2 (CBMS II)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

 

Recombinant antibodies specific to Bacillus anthracis spores

ONR/LLNL (Leighton)

 

Advanced Ion-trap mass spectrometry

ORNL/McLuckey

 

Bioaerosol Detector System based on Aerogel

Pacific-Sierra Research Corp

 

UV Fluoresence Detection of BW Agents on Surfaces

Sandia NL/Thomas

 

Parallel Micro Separations-based Detection (PMSD)

SNL/Vitko, Thomas

 

Taqman PCR-based BW assays

USAMRIID

 

Automated Nucleic Acid Extractor

USAMRIID/Xohox, Inc

 

Deployable diagnostic kit for biowarfare agents

USAMRMC

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 239

Decontamination Products

30-Sep-98

Availability

Product

Source/Location

Commercial

   
 

M11, M13 Man-portable decontamination application systems

All-Bann Enterprises/Tradeways Ltd (MD)

 

M12 Powered vehicle-mounted multipurpose decontaminating apparatus

All-Bann Enterprises/Tradeways Ltd (MD)

 

DS2P Decon solution

All-Bann Enterprises/Tradeways Ltd (MD)

 

M17 Lightweight decontamination system (Sanator)

Engineered Air Systems (MO)

 

Emergency Response Equipment Package

HAZ/MAT DQE Inc (IN)

 

Hospital-based Decontamination Equipment Package

HAZ/MAT DQE Inc (IN)

 

Transportable Decontamination Systems

Modec Inc. (Denver)

 

Decontamination Kit No. 2

Tradeways Ltd

 

M291 Decontamination kit for individual equipment

Tradeways Ltd

 

M258 Skin decontamination kit

Tradeways Ltd

 

STB super tropical bleach

Unknown

Field tests

   
 

XM21/XM22 Modular decontamination system

CBDCOM

 

Wound decon systems

USAMRIID

 

Mediclean Spray/Suction Units

Karcher (Germany)

Research

   
 

Non-toxic, non-corrosive enzyme-based foam decon system

Arthur D. Little/Altus Biologics

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 240

(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product

Source/Location

Research

   
 

Sorbent decontamination system

CBDCOM

 

Sensitive equipment decontamination

CBDCOM

 

Biomimetic materials

DARPA/Molecular Geodesics, Inc. (D. Ingber)

 

Molecular decoys

DARPA/U. of Michigan (Baker)

 

Enzymatic Decontamination

ERDEC/DeFrank

 

Solid state absorber/oxidizers for CW decon

LANL/Earl

 

Ozone based methods for CW decon of equipment

LANL/Earl

 

Fenton chemistry (peroxides) for CW and BW decon

LANL/Earl

 

Low temperature plasma jet

LANL/Earl

 

Oxidizing solutions for CW decon of equipment and property

LLNL

 

Gel carrier for vertical surfaces

LLNL/Raber

 

Surfactant-based Decontamination Solution

ONR/NSWC Dahlgren (Brown)

 

Quaternary Ammonium Complex Decontaminant

ONR/NSWC Dahlgren (Cronce)

 

Chemical/UV decontamination method

Optimetrics, Inc

 

Hydrolyzing foams

Sandia National Lab/Zelikoff

 

Corona discharge air purification technology

SRI International

 

Fixed site decontamination system

U.S. Marines

 

Lightweight portable decontamination system

U.S. Marines

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Chemical Agent Treatments

07-Oct-98

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

Cyanide

     
 

Amyl nitrite+sodium nitrite+sodium thiosulphate

Pasadena

Commercial

 

alpha adrenergic antagonists

Other

Commercial

 

Superactivated charcoal

Other

Commercial

 

4-dimethylaminophenol (4-DMAP)

Germany

Foreign

 

Kelocyanor (dicobalt EDTA)

Germany

Foreign

 

Hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a)

France

Foreign

 

Stroma-free hemoglobin

USAMRICD

IND

 

p-aminooctanoylphenone (PAOP)

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

p-aminoheptanophenone (PAHP)

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

p-aminopropiophenone (PAPP)

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

8-aminoquinoline derivatives

Other (Steinhaus et al.)

Preclinical

 

Alpha-ketoglutaric acid

Indian Defense R&D Establishment

Preclinical

Nerve agents

     
 

Pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM)

Meridian Med Tech; Quad Pharm; Wyeth

Commercial

 

Diazepam

Abbott, Lederle, Parke-Davis, others

Commercial

 

Pyridostigmine bromide

ICN Pharmaceuticals

Commercial

 

Atropine

Meridian Med Tech: Kalli DuPhar; 3M-Reiker

Commercial

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(Table continued from previous page)

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

Nerve agents

     
 

Obidoxime

Czech Republic military

Foreign

 

Reactive topical skin protectants

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

Methanesulphate salt of pralidoxime

UK

Preclinical

 

Nicotine hydroxamic acid methiodine

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

Monoisonitroacetone (MINA)

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

Butyrylcholinesterases (horse, human, mutants)

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

Acetylcholinesterase

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

Catalytic monoclonal antibodies

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

Memantine

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

NMDA receptor blockers

USAMRICD

Preclinical

 

Pro-2-PAM

Unknown

Preclinical

 

H series of oximes

Czech Republic military and others

Preclinical

 

Carboxylesterase

USAMRICD

Preclinical

Phosgene

     
 

Oxygen+ventilation+bronchodilators

Other

Commercial

 

Aminophylline

Other

Commercial

 

Hexamethylene tetramine (HMT)

Other

Commercial

 

Corticosteroids

Other

Preclinical

 

Cysteine (and N-acetylcysteine)

USAMRICD

Preclinical

Vesicants

     
 

Soap and water

Other

Commercial

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(Table continued from previous page)

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

Vesicants

     
 

Hypochlorite solution (‹1%)

Chlorox

Commercial

 

British Anti-Lewisite (dimercaprol)

Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems

Commercial

 

M258A1 Decon kit

Tradeways, Ltd. (MD)

Commercial

 

Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors

Canadian Defence Research Establishment

Preclinical

 

Dexamethasone/heparin/promethazine combos

Other

Preclinical

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Biological Agent Treatments

07-Oct-98

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

Anthrax

     
 

Ciprofloxacin

Bayer

Commercial

 

Anthrax Vaccine

Michigan Biological Products

Commercial

 

Doxycycline

Parke-Davis; Pfizer; Lederle

Commercial

 

Biostructure Mapping by STEM, Cryo-EM, EELS, and SPM: Anthrax Toxin

Brookhaven NL/Furlong

Preclinical

 

Structure-based Drug Design for Microorganism-associated Proteins

DARPA/UAB (DeLucas)

Preclinical

 

Anthrax Toxin Structure and Function

NIDR/Leppla

Preclinical

 

Control of Protective Antigen Synthesis by B. anthracis.

UTex Health Ctr Houston/Koehler

Preclinical

Bacteria

     
 

Novel Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents

DARPA/Isis Pharmaceuticals (D. Ecker)

Preclinical

 

Novel Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents-Gene Expression

DARPA/SmithKline Beecham (M. Rosenberg)

Preclinical

 

Novel Targets of Pathogen Vulnerability

DARPA/Stanford U. (L. Shapiro)

Preclinical

 

Sequential Auto Vaccination by Stem Cells

OSIRIS Therapeutics (D. Marshak)

Preclinical

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(Table continued from previous page)

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

Brucella

     
 

Rifampin (Rifadin)

Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals

Commercial

 

Recombinant Brucella Vaccine Development

(USSR)/Noskov; USAMRIID/Friedlander

Preclinical

 

Immunogenicity of Recombinant Brucella Abortus Proteins

LSU Med Ctr/Roop

Preclinical

C. Botulinum

     
 

Immune globulin from human donors

(Frankovich and Arnon)

IND

 

Vaccine (toxoids A-E)

CDC

IND

 

Trivalent botulinum antitoxin (A,B,E)

CDC

IND

 

Horse antibotulism serum (globulin)

USAMRIID

IND

 

Botulinum Vaccine

USAMRIID

IND

 

Mechanism of Botulinum Toxin Action

Thomas Jefferson Univ./Simpson

Preclinical

 

Aminopyridines (3,4-diaminopyridine)1

USAMRIID

Preclinical

 

Monoclonal antibodies

USAMRIID

Preclinical

 

Recombinant vaccines

USAMRIID

Preclinical

 

Chimer of botulinum toxin receptor-binding protein

USAMRIID

Preclinical

Dengue

     
 

Functional Analysis of Dengue Virus Antigens NS3 and NS5

UKansas Med Center/Padmanabhan

Preclinical

 

Mechanisms of Immunopathology in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

UMass Med Ctr/Ennis

Preclinical

Ebola

     
 

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Studies of Emerging Viruses

Scripps Res Inst/Buchmeier

Preclinical

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(Table continued from previous page)

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

EEE

     
 

EEE Vaccine

Unknown

IND

 

Acute Alphavirus Encephalitis

Johns Hopkins SPH/Griffin

Preclinical

Lassa

     
 

Immunologic and Epidemiologic Studies of Emerging Viruses

Scripps Res Inst/Buchmeier

Preclinical

 

Molecular Basis of Arenavirus Virulence

U Wisconsin/Salvato

Preclinical

Multiple

     
 

Naked DNA/gene gun vaccines

USAMRIID

Preclinical

 

Multiagent replicon vaccines

USAMRIID

Preclinical

Plague

     
 

Plague Vaccine

Greer

Commercial

 

Streptomycin

Lilly; Pfizer

Commercial

 

Doxycycline

Parke-Davis; Pfizer; Lederle

Commercial

 

Plasmid PCD-Encoded Virulence Determinants in Plague

U Kentucky/Straley

Preclinical

 

Mechanism of Bacterial Metastasis in Plague

UMass Med Sch/Goguen

Preclinical

Q-Fever

     
 

Tetracyclines

Numerous drug companies

Commercial

 

Q-Vax

Australian product

Foreign

 

Q-Fever Vaccine

IND 610

IND

 

Pathogenic Roles of Coxiella burnetti Surface Proteins

Texas A&M/Samuel

Preclinical

 

Surface Change and Virulence in Coxiella burnetti

Wash. State Univ./Mallavia

Preclinical

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(Table continued from previous page)

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

Ricin

     
 

alpha deglycosylated A chain as antigen

USAMRIID

IND

 

Antiricin rabbit antibodies

USAMRIID

Preclinical

 

Formalin treated toxoid

USAMRIID

Preclinical

 

Toxoid in galactide-glycolyde

USAMRIID

Preclinical

SEB

     
 

Staphylococcal Toxins

Kansas State/Iandolo

Preclinical

 

Immunosuppressive Action of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins

Temple Univ Sch of Med/Rogers

Preclinical

Smallpox

     
 

Cidofovir (Vistide)

Giliad Pharm

Commercial

 

Smallpox Vaccine (Dryvax)

Wyeth

Commercial

 

Smallpox Vaccine (DoD)

USAMRIID

IND

 

Vaccinia DNA Replication: Genetics and Molecular Biology

Cornell Univ Med Coll/Traktman

Preclinical

 

Viral Inhibition of Host Defenses

Duke Univ Med School/Pickup

Preclinical

T-2 Mycotoxin

     
 

M238A1 skin decon kit

USAMRICD

 
 

Multi Shield TSP barrier cream

Interpro, Inc (Mass)

Commercial

 

Superactive activated charcoal

Other

Commercial

 

Corticosteroids (systemic)

Other

Commercial

 

XE-555 resin (M291 decon kit)

Tradeways Ltd (MD)

Commercial

 

Mycotoxin with carrier protein

USAMRIID

Preclinical

 

BN52021

USAMRIID

Preclinical

 

Prophylactic enzyme induction

USAMRIID

Preclinical

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

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(Table continued from previous page)

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

T-2 Mycotoxin

     
 

Despeciated monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody

USAMRIID

Preclinical

Toxins

     
 

Red Blood Cell Pathogen Defense-Destruction

DARPA/Boston U (M. Bitensky)

Preclinical

 

Polyvalent Inhibitors of Microorganisms, Viruses, and Toxins

DARPA/Harvard U (G. Whitesides)

Preclinical

 

Structural Biology of Bacterial Toxins

DARPA/Los Alamos National Lab (G. Gupta)

Preclinical

 

Intracellular Sensors of Virulence

DARPA/U. of Michigan (R. Kopelman, et al.)

Preclinical

 

Instant Immunization

DARPA/U.TX-South Western Med. Ctr. (S. Johnston)

Preclinical

 

Red Blood Cell Pathogen Defense-Decoy

DARPA/UVA (R. Taylor)

Preclinical

Tularemia

     
 

Streptomycin

Lilly; Pfizer

Commercial

 

Tularemia Vaccine

Unknown

IND

VEE

     
 

C-84 VEE Vaccine

USAMRIID

IND

 

TC-83 VEE Vaccine

USAMRIID

IND

 

Structure-based Drug Design for Microorganism-associated Proteins

DARPA/UAB (DeLucas)

Preclinical

 

Molecular Evolution of Guanarito Virus

Southwest Fnd for Med Res/Rico-Hess

Preclinical

 

In-vitro Construction of Attenuated VEE Virus Mutants

UNC Chapel Hill/Johnston

Preclinical

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(Table continued on next page)

Agent

Treatment

Source

Availability

Virus

     
 

Ribavirin (Virazole)

ICN Pharmaceuticals

Commercial

 

Developmental Proteins to Prevent Human Injury from Pathogens

DARPA/en Vision (E. Barnea)

Preclinical

 

Super Immune Cells

DARPA/Harvard Med School (D. Scadden)

Preclinical

 

Novel Bacteriophage Therapies for Vibrio Cholerae Infection

DARPA/Harvard U. (J. Meklanos)

Preclinical

 

Invasive (Intra-cellular) Antibodies

DARPA/Scripps Research Inst. (P. Ghazal)

Preclinical

 

Heat Shock Protein-Peptide Complexes as Anti-Viral Agents

DARPA/U. of Connecticut (P. Srivastava)

Preclinical

 

Structure-based Design of Acute Countermeasures to Viruses

DARPA/U. of TX at Galveston (R. Shope)

Preclinical

 

Prevention of Virus Assembly in Host Cells

DARPA/U. of Wisconsin (S. Kornguth)

Preclinical

 

Cytotoxic T Cell Responses to Virus Infection

Scripps Research Inst./Whitton

Preclinical

 

Glycyrrhizic acid derivatives

USSR/Pokrovsky; USAMRIID/Huggins

Preclinical

 

Monkeypox Virus Genome Sequencing

USSR/Shchelkunov; USAMRIID/Jarling

Preclinical

WEE

     
 

WEE Vaccine

Unknown

IND

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
×

Page 250

Prevention and Treatment of Psychological Effects

07-Oct-98

Source/Location

Product

Focus

Availability

American Psychiatric Assoc

Disaster Psychiatry Web Site

Multiple

Open Literature (www)

 

Committee on Psychological Responses to Disaster

Multiple

Open Literature (www)

American Psychological Assoc

Disaster Response Network

Multiple

Open Literature (www)

American Red Cross

Disaster Mental Health Services

Multiple

(Training, short-term intervention)

Department of Veterans Affairs

On-line Publications, database

Victims

Open Literature (www)

 

National Center for PTSD

Victims

Open Literature (www)

Disaster Mental Health Institute

Training, consultation, interventions

Multiple

Fee-for-Service

International Critical Incident Stress Foundation (Mitchell)

Critical Incident Stress Debriefing training, network of providers

Workers

Fee-for-Service

International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies

Web Site, journal on stress and coping

Victims

Open Literature (www)

National Research Council

Studies on Risk Communication, 1989, 1996

Community

Open Literature (www)

Rutgers Center for Environmental Communication (Chess)

Studies, advice to governments and industry on dealing with public concern

Community

Fee-for-Service

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Admin (Flynn)

FEMA Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program (CCP)

Victims

Federal Response Plan

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(Table continued from previous page)

Source/Location

Product

Focus

Availability

U of Delaware Disaster Research Center (Nigg)

Disaster Recovery as a Social Process and similar studies

Multiple

Open Literature (www)

Uniformed Services Univ of Health Sciences (Norwood)

Center for Stress Studies—Studies, advice on stress and coping in military

Multiple

Open Literature (www)

Uniformed Services Univ of Health Sciences (Ursano)

Psychiatry Dept.—Studies, advice on stress and coping in military situations

Multiple

Open Literature (www)

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (Belenky)

Studies, advice on stress and coping in military situations

Multiple

Open Literature (www)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Computer Models

30-Sep-98

Availability

Product/Model

Agent Type

Source

Beta testing

     
 

BWD Incident Repository

Bio

DARPA/Oracle (S. Kennedy)

 

BWDAD (Biological Warfare Defense Anchor Desk)

Bio

DARPA/SAIC (R. Goodwin)

 

BITLAS (Biological integration team large area simulation model)

Bio

OptiMetrics, Inc.

 

Accelerated Consequences Management

C/B

DARPA (J. Silva)

 

GRIP (Global Response Incident Planner)

C/B

DARPA/BBN (M. Callaghan)

 

Field Inventory Survey Tool

C/B

DARPA/BBN (M. Callaghan)

 

Casualty Triage Tag

C/B

DARPA/Ellora Software (J. Bachant)

 

MMT and E (Military Medical Training and Evaluation)

C/B

DARPA/Michigan S.U. (J. Downs); U of TX (S. Hufnagel); SAIC

 

EMCR (Electronic Medical Care Record Repository)

C/B

DARPA/Oracle (S. Kennedy)

 

Essential Medical Data Set

C/B

DARPA/Oracle (S. Kennedy)

 

CODA (Chemical/biological Operational Decision Aid)

C/B

DARPA/Pacific - Sierra Research

 

COC (Command Operations Center of the Future)

C/B

DARPA/ScrenPro (J. Mantock)

 

AAHAWS (Automated atmospheric hazard assessment/warning system)

C/B

Mevatec Corp/ENSR Consulting

(Table continued on next page)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(Table continued from previous page)

Availability

Product/Model

Agent Type

Souce

Operational

     
 

HASCAL/SCIPUFF (Hazard Assessment System for Consequence Analysis)

C/B

Defense Special Weapons Agency

 

CATS/WMD (Consequences Assessment Tool Set)

C/B

Defense Special Weapons Agency

 

NBC Warn (Nuclear, biological, and chemical warning and reporting network software)

C/B

OptiMetrics, Inc.

 

ALOHA

Chem

EPA

Planned

     
 

Pgm for Response Options and Technology Enhancements for Terrorism in Subways

C/B

Argonne National Lab (Policastro)

 

Urban Transport of CW/BW Aerosols

C/B

Lawrence Livermore (Ermak, Imbro); McArthur Found. (Stanford/Wilkening)

 

CBW Environment/Challege and Mobile Force Operability Modeling and Simulation

C/B

NSWC Dahlgren

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Gap And Overlap Analysis

A wide variety of sources were used in assembling the above inventory. The initial meeting of the committee in July of 1997 provided an overview of important organizations and R&D programs within the federal government. Follow-up with the briefers provided a more detailed list of projects and points of contact for technical information. The Office of Emergency Preparedness shared information on promising technology from its files, and of course the committee members themselves contributed both personal contacts and specific information from their own files and experience. The World Wide Web provided much information about both relevant commercial products and R&D activity, and the following databases were accessed and searched: National Technical Information Service, Defense Technical Information Center, Federal Research in Progress, Federal Conference Papers, Medline, MedStar, HSRProj.

Although we are still actively seeking additional information on many of the technologies already located, information on the products in the above inventory was distilled from a ProCite database of more than 430 records and entered into a series of databases, a description of which constitutes this gap and overlap analysis. In the process, we eliminated most products or R&D that did not explicitly address military chemical or biological agents or appear to be sufficiently generic in nature to encompass those agents without a major change. Exceptions were made only in categories in which there were very few or no products or R&D explicitly directed at chemical and biological weapons. We also excluded technology represented in our database by only a single experiment, journal article, or SBIR contract (i.e., we focus on products and R&D programs).

The overall organization of the inventory roughly parallels that of the interim report: Separate sections address detection (in the environment, and in patient fluids), detection of a covert attack in a population (Epidemiology), protection, decontamination, treatment, psychological effects, and computer software. The inventory has no sections on pre-incident intelligence or safe and effective patient extraction, because we uncovered no relevant products or research (we recognize that there is a great deal of intelligence activity devoted to prevention of terrorism, but our task is to address consequence management—our inclusion of a pre-incident intelligence section in the interim report was solely to make the point that whatever the readiness of the civilian medical community, any pre-incident warning will amplify effectiveness manyfold). An additional difference from the interim report organization is a section on computer models. The inventory includes a source for the products or the laboratory and PI performing the research, and a judgment about the product's state of development (availability).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Detection

With 173 entries in the detector database, it became more manageable to divide the database into those detection devices intended for biological agents and those intended for chemical agents (there are 7 devices intended for both biological and chemical agents and these were included in each separate database).

Biodetectors

Most of the funding for biodetection devices comes from the Department of Defense (56%), with 18% from commercial ventures. DoE, FDA, NASA, and TSWG account for the remaining 26%. With only 6 (out of 73) devices commercially available, 92% are in either the field testing stage (40%) or still in the laboratory (52%).

Where they are used. There are only 17 devices in the database that are explicitly intended for diagnostic purposes, that is, detecting biological agent in fluid or tissue samples from a patient. Most (85%) current devices are designed to detect biohazards in the environment (liquid, air, surface, or other). Seven devices in the inventory are designed to detect agent in either patients or the environment, and numerous others aimed at environmental monitoring or detection could be adapted to patient diagnostics, but not without considerable additional research.

What is needed. The most prevalent medium needed is liquid (44%), although 18 devices are designed to detect agent in the air. Twelve devices utilize either liquid or air samples. Twenty-eight items (40%) provide numeric estimates of agent concentration. A third (33%) of the biodetection devices do not provide a quantitative estimate of the pathogen detected, and another 27% of the devices provide no information whatsoever about quantification.

Speed and portability. According to the inventory, device portability is evenly distributed among hand-held, carriable by man, truck-loaded, or fixed. However, much of the newest research focuses on miniaturization of detectors. Fifty-nine percent of the devices in the inventory will provide results in a matter of minutes. Eight devices (11%) can or will detect agent in a matter of seconds.

How they work. There are basically two types of technology needed in a biodetection device: (1) detection technology and (2) reporting technology. Detection technology refers to the mechanism by which the device differentiates the target from other organisms or molecules. Reporting technology

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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refers to the transduction mechanism that makes the detection event apparent to a human observer. Thirty percent of the devices in the inventory depend upon nucleic acid hybridization for detection, while 23% use antibody / antigen binding. The remaining devices use chemical reactions, the composition of agent (size, charge, mass), ligand / receptor binding, or more than one of these technologies. Forty-one percent of the reporting technology is optical, with other devices using technologies based on charge, color, mass, electrochemical reaction, or some combination.

Chemical Detectors

There are 100 entries in the chemical detector inventory. Twenty-eight percent of the entries are funded by the Department of Defense and 56% by commercial companies. Other funders include DoE, EPA, NASA, and TSWG. Chemical detection devices are much more developed than their biological counterparts; 60% of the items in the inventory are commercially available, with only 13% still in the field testing stage and 16% in the laboratory. It is also worth noting that there are three commercial devices that are designed specifically for a civilian market.

Where they are used. The overwhelming majority (96%) of the chemical agent detectors are intended to detect agent in the environment, with only 4% designed to detect agent in patients.

What is needed. Forty-two percent of the devices provide a numerical estimate of agent concentration, but 47% only indicate the presence or absence of agent. There are four items in the inventory that will indicate a ''High" or "Low" concentration of agent.

Speed and portability. Ninety-two percent of the chemical detection devices in the inventory are able to provide information about agents within minutes or seconds (43% and 49%, respectively). Fifty-one percent are hand-held devices, 10% can be moved by one man, 12% can be moved by truck to the site of a suspected attack, and 23% are fixed in one location (e.g., a ship or a laboratory).

How they work. The detector technology used by 24% of these devices depends upon a chemical reaction. Other technologies used in the detection process are: agent composition (mass, charge, or size) absorption, ligand/receptor binding, mass (mass spectrometry, piezoelectric, surface acoustic wave, or multiple technologies). For the reporting phase of the sources, technologies include: charge (1%), color (12%), electrochemical

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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(8%), atomic emission spectrum (1%), photo-acoustic (2%), surface acoustic wave (7%), or some combination or hybrid (8%) of these technologies.

Recognition of Signs and Symptoms in Patients (Diagnosis)

There are six products in this database. Three (the NBC indicator symptom matrix, Associates diagnostic software, and the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Index [GIDEON]) are fully operational. The three Micromedex products (Poisindex, Drugdex, and Emergindex) are databases in use in poison centers and hospitals. Poisindex and Drugdex provide information on poisonous chemicals and drugs, while Emergindex is used for emergencies of unknown etiology. Only Emergindex is currently structured to provide diagnostic and treatment information based on signs and symptoms, but Micromedex is attempting to reengineer the other two databases to make this possible. At present, they require chemical or drug names as input.

The NBC indicator symptom matrix assumes that one of the traditional military chemical weapons is involved, and simply facilitates differential diagnosis among them. The other databases are larger in scope, but include some or all of the chemical or biological weapon agents.

Epidemiological Tools

The products in this database are potentially relevant in identifying outbreaks of disease in populations (as opposed to individual patients). There are 15 entries, 12 of which are operational at this time, the Emerging Infectious Disease Initiative of the CDC, which is a long-term project just getting under way, and the Global Public Health Intelligence of Health Canada, and the DoD's Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (DoD-GEIS) are two recently announced initiatives to be started in the near future.

Personal Protective Equipment

There are 63 entries in the personal protective equipment database. Of these, the vast majority (86%) of these products are designed to protect against both chemical and biological agents (8 are for chemicals only and one is for biological agents only). Many of the products are commercially available (44%), but 3 items are unique to the military. Also represented is equipment from 18 other countries. The U.S. Department of Defense (17 entries) and the multi-agency Technical Support Working Group (6 entries) sponsor laboratory research or field testing in this area. The type of equipment is evenly divided between protective clothing and breathing apparatus (both at 41%), with 11 entries that offer both types of protection.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Decontamination

Seventy-eight percent of the 33 products in this database involve strictly chemical decontamination. The remaining products are designed to decontaminate either biological agents alone (13%), or both biological and chemical agents together (9%). Only 10 (31%) are commercially available. Three of these 10 items are focused on decontamination of people, 4 on equipment or materiel decon, and 3 might be used for decon of either people or inanimate objects. Twenty-two entries (69%) are currently in research and development, which is largely funded by government agencies. The Department of Defense funds 50%, the Department of Energy 32%, and the multiagency Technical Services Working Group 9% of the decontamination products listed as in research or field testing. Only 4 of the 22 R&D items in the inventory are focused on biological agent decontamination; 2 items pertain to both chemical and biological agents; and 13 focus on chemical agents. Thirty-six percent of the products being researched are potentially applicable to human decontamination; the remainder focus solely on decon of inanimate objects.

Treatment

Of the 128 treatment products in the inventory, 88 (69%) are intended for biological agents, leaving 40 (32%) for the treatment of chemical agents. Funding for treatment research is provided largely by DoD (43%) and commercial institutions (34%). NIH accounts for 18% of the funding, leaving only 5% of the funding from the Public Health Service.

Biological Agents

The biological agents for which at least one treatment is being tested or is already available are: anthrax, brucella, C. botulinum, dengue, Ebola, EEE, Lassa, plague, Q-fever, ricin, SEB, smallpox, T-2 mycotoxin, tularemia, VEE, and WEE. Other entries involve broader treatments of more than one bacteria, virus, or toxin. Treatments for viruses, C. botulinum, and T-2 mycotoxin account for 35% of the treatment entries in the inventory (13%, 12%, and 10%, respectively)

Despite the abundant research on treatments of biological agents, most (65%) are in the preclinical stage of development. There are 13 (15%) INDs and 16 (19%) commercially available treatment products. There are 5 INDs for C. botulinum treatments, 1 for EEE, 1 for Q-fever, 1 for ricin, and 1 for smallpox. With the exception of tularemia, which has only one commercially available product and none in development, all of the agents listed above have at least one preclinical product under investigation. As

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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might be expected, given the research status of most of the entries, there is no evidence or only partial evidence of efficacy in 53% of the treatment products. There is evidence of efficacy in animals in 21% of the entries, but only 3 (4%) entries with proven efficacy in humans.

Chemical Agents

The chemical agents considered for this inventory are: cyanide, nerve agents, phosgene, and vesicants. Out of the 40 treatment products in the inventory, 43% are for nerve agents, 30% for cyanide, 15% for vesicants, and 12% for phosgene. There is currently only one IND and it is for a cyanide treatment. As in biological treatments, most (53%) treatment products for chemical agents are in the preclinical stage of development; however, 35% of the chemical agent treatments are commercially available in the United States. There is animal evidence of efficacy in 68% of the entries, and 8 (20%) proven treatments in humans. The remaining products have no evidence or only partial evidence of efficacy.

Psychological Effects

This is a unique section of the inventory because the committee was unable to identify any "products" specifically connected with chemical or biological terrorism. The inventory thus focuses on information and resources regarding the psychological effects and treatment of trauma and disasters in general. There are 16 entries ranging from Web sites, to current studies, to publications. One entry focuses solely on rescue and health care workers; 4 solely on trauma victims themselves; and 2 focus on community-wide effects. The remaining seven include more than one of the above in their scope—usually victims and workers. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of information and resources about specific populations of victims such as the elderly, children, the disabled, and other special groups outside of the average adult male and female.

Computer Models

The 20 items in this database fall in two main categories: (1) information about agent transport, and (2) information about incident management. There are 10 models in each category. Most (13) are in beta testing, 4 are available for use at this time or are being used for purposes other than assisting authorities plan for responding to chemical or biological terrorism, and three are in the planning stage. The Department of Defense is funding 15 products, DoE 3, EPA 1, and 1 is funded by a commercial organization.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Inventory of Chemical and Biological Defense Technology, with Gap and Overlap Analysis." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6364.
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The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers.

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