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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
The study was supported by Grant No 99-10301 between the National Academy of Sciences and Carnegie Corporation of New York. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
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Suggested citation: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2000) Improving Intergroup Relations Among Youth: Summary of a Research Workshop. Forum on Adolescence, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
National Research Council
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FORUM ON ADOLESCENCE
DAVID HAMBURG (Chair),
Carnegie Corporation of New York (President Emeritus)
HUDA AKIL,
Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
CHERYL ALEXANDER,
Center for Adolescent Health, Johns Hopkins University
CLAIRE BRINDIS,
Institute for Health Policy Studies, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
GREG DUNCAN,
Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
JACQUELYNNE ECCLES,
School of Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
ABIGAIL ENGLISH,
Adolescent Health Care Project, National Center for Youth Law, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
EUGENE GARCIA,
School of Education, University of California, Berkeley
HELENE KAPLAN,
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher, and Flom, New York
IRIS F. LITT,
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University
JOHN MERROW,
The Merrow Report, New York
ANNE C. PETERSEN,
W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, Michigan
KAREN PITTMAN,
International Youth Foundation, Baltimore
ANNE PUSEY,
Jane Goodall Institute's Center, University of Minnesota
MICHAEL RUTTER,
Institute of Psychiatry, University of London
STEPHEN A. SMALL,
Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison
BEVERLY DANIEL TATUM,
Office of the Dean, Mt. Holyoke College
CAMILLE ZUBRINSKY CHARLES,
Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania
BARUCH FISCHHOFF (liaisonfrom Institute of Medicine Council), Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University
ELEANOR E. MACCOBY (liaison from Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education), Department of Psychology (emeritus), Stanford University
BOARD ON CHILDREN, YOUTH, AND FAMILIES
JACK P. SHONKOFF (Chair),
Heller Graduate School, Brandeis University
DAVID V.B. BRITT,
Children's Television Workshop, New York
LARRY BUMPASS,
Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison
SHEILA BURKE,
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
DAVID CARD,
Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley
KEVIN GRUMBACH,
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Primary Care Research Center, University of California, San Francisco
MAXINE HAYES,
Department of Community and Family Health, Washington State Department of Health
MARGARET HEAGARTY,
Department of Pediatrics, Harlem Hospital Center, Columbia University
ALETHA C. HUSTON,
Department of Human Ecology, University of Texas, Austin
RENEE JENKINS,
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University
SHEILA KAMERMAN,
School of Social Work, Columbia University
SANDERS KORENMAN,
School of Public Affairs, Baruch College
CINDY LEDERMAN,
Circuit Court, Juvenile Justice Center, Dade County, Florida
SARA McLANAHAN,
Office of Population Research, Princeton University
VONNIE McLOYD,
Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan
PAUL NEWACHECK,
Institute of Health Policy Studies and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
DEBORAH STIPEK,
Graduate School of Education, University of California, Los Angeles
PAUL WISE,
Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center
EVAN CHARNEY (liaison from Institute of Medicine Council), Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School
RUTH T. GROSS (liaison from Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention), Professor of Pediatrics Emerita, Stanford University
ELEANOR E. MACCOBY (liaison from Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education), Department of Psychology (emeritus), Stanford University
Michele D. Kipke, Director
Drusilla Barnes, Administrative Associate
Elena Nightingale, Scholar-in-Residence
PARTICIPANTS WORKSHOP ON RESEARCH TO IMPROVE INTERGROUP RELATIONS AMONG YOUTH
DAVID HAMBURG (Chair),
Carnegie Corporation of New York (President Emeritus)
DENNIS J. BARR,
Facing History and Ourselves, Cambridge, Massachusetts
REBECCA BLANK,
Council of Economic Advisers, Washington, D.C.
KELLY BRILLIANT,
Program for Young Negotiators, Cambridge, Massachusetts
PHYLLIS C. BROWN,
Lesley College
DAVID CAMPT,
President's Initiative on Race, Washington, D.C.
CINDY CARLSON,
University of Texas, Austin
KENYON CHAN,
Loyola Marymount University
CAMILLE ZUBRINSKY CHARLES,
University of Pennsylvania
BARBARA COLLINS,
Education Training and Research Associates, Santa Cruz, California
CONSTANCE FLANAGAN,
Pennsylvania State University
MICHELE FOSTER,
Claremont Graduate University
EUGENE GARCIA,
University of California, Berkeley
SHERRYL BROWNE GRAVES,
Hunter College, City University of New York
PATRICIA MARKS GREENFIELD,
University of California, Los Angeles
DIANE HUGHES,
New York University
PHYLLIS A. KATZ,
Institute for Research on Social Issues, Boulder, Colorado
TERESA D. LaFROMBOISE,
Stanford University
MICHAEL LEVINE,
Carnegie Corporation of New York
GERALDINE P. MANNION,
Carnegie Corporation of New York
ALFRED L. McALISTER,
University of Texas, Austin
HOWARD L. PINDERHUGHES,
University of California, San Francisco
LINDA POWELL,
Columbia University
AVERY RUSSELL,
Carnegie Corporation of New York
EDWARD SEIDMAN,
New York University
ROBERT L. SELMAN,
Harvard University
RONALD G. SLABY,
Education Development Center, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts
FERNANDO I. SORIANO,
San Diego State University
MARGARET BEALE SPENCER,
University of Pennsylvania
ALEX STEPICK,
Florida International University
VIVIEN STEWART,
Carnegie Corporation of New York
RUBY TAKANISHI,
Foundation for Child Development, New York
BEVERLY DANIEL TATUM,
Mount Holyoke College
LOIS WEIS,
State University of New York, Buffalo
HANH CAO YU,
Social Policy Research Associates, Menlo Park, California
Michele D. Kipke, Director,
Forum on Adolescence
Zodie E. Makonnen, Associate Director,
Forum on Adolescence
Faith Mitchell, Director,
Division on Social and Economic Studies
Amy Gawad, Senior Project Assistant,
Forum on Adolescence
Preface
On November 9-10, 1998, the Forum on Adolescence of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, a cross-cutting initiative of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, convened a workshop entitled Research to Improve Intergroup Relations Among Youth. Held at the request of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, this workshop considered selected findings of 16 research projects that have focused on intergroup relations among children and adolescents; all 16 received funding from Carnegie Corporation of New York for their work on this issue. The funding of these projects was part of a larger research initiative supported by Carnegie Corporation of New York that sought to update and expand the knowledge, sources, and dynamics of racial and ethnic prejudice among youth, identifying approaches to foster intergroup understanding.
The goal of the workshop was to provide an opportunity to learn about the work and preliminary findings of the 16 projects, as well as to review the knowledge base regarding the effectiveness of interventions designed to promote peaceful, respectful relations among youth of different ethnic groups.
Although the workshop on which this summary is based could provide only a glimpse of the large body of research covered by the many disciplines studying intergroup relations, it reflects the overarching mission of the Fo-
rum on Adolescence. The forum was established under the auspices of the Board of Children, Youth, and Families in 1997 to review and establish the science base regarding adolescent health and development and efforts to foster this development; identify new directions and support for research in this area, approaching research as a resource to be developed cumulatively over time; highlight new research, programs, and policies that have demonstrated promise in improving the health and well-being of adolescents; convene and foster collaboration among individuals who represent diverse viewpoints and backgrounds, with a view to enhancing the quality of leadership in this area; and disseminate research on adolescence and its policy implications to a wide array of audiences, ranging from the scientific community to the lay public.
We offer our appreciation to all of the presenters and participants for their time and contributions. Special thanks go to the Carnegie Corporation of New York staff, in particular Anthony W. Jackson, Michael Levine, Roz Rosenberg, Susan Smith, and Vivien Stewart, for their assistance and support. Thanks are also due to Zodie Makonnen and Amy Gawad of the National Research Council staff, who helped to organize the workshop, and Sandee Brawarsky, who distilled the major themes that emerged from the workshop in this summary report.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.
We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: James A. Banks, Center for Multicultural Education, University of Washington, Seattle; Sarah Brown, National Campaign to Prevent Teenage Pregnancy, Washington, D.C.; Maxine Hayes, Community and Family Health, Washington State Department of Health; Janet W. Schofield, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh; and Deborah Stipek, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Los Angeles. Although the individuals listed above have pro-
vided constructive comments and suggestions, it must be emphasized that responsibility for this final report rests entirely with the authoring body and the institution.
We hope this report will stimulate and encourage those interested in fostering and promoting positive intergroup relations among youth.
David Hamburg, Chair
Michele D. Kipke, Director
Forum on Adolescence