It is not uncommon to shift the focus of thesis research, but there must be some focus. Without it, Henry faces several grave dangers, such as repeating what someone else has already done, losing his way amid the immensity of his subject, or trying to do the work of an entire career in a brief time.

Most advisers can help to prevent these mistakes, but only if lines of communication are open. This communication is a responsibility shared by Henry and his adviser.

At this point, Henry can only make the best of a poor situation. To begin with, he should seek out opinions from the other members of his research committee. He has already done considerable research; with their guidance, he should be able to put together a decent (if not first-class) dissertation. He might have hoped for better, but obtaining a PhD at least provides a tangible return on his investment of effort.