Flooding is the natural hazard with the greatest economic and social impact in the United States, and these impacts are becoming more severe over time. Catastrophic flooding from recent hurricanes, including Superstorm Sandy in New York (2012) and Hurricane Harvey in Houston (2017), caused billions of dollars in property damage, adversely affected millions of people, and damaged the economic well-being of major metropolitan areas. Flooding takes a heavy toll even in years without a named storm or event. Major freshwater flood events from 2004 to 2014 cost an average of $9 billion in direct damage and 71 lives annually. These figures do not include the cumulative costs of frequent, small floods, which can be similar to those of infrequent extreme floods.
Framing the Challenge of Urban Flooding in the United States contributes to existing knowledge by examining real-world examples in specific metropolitan areas. This report identifies commonalities and variances among the case study metropolitan areas in terms of causes, adverse impacts, unexpected problems in recovery, or effective mitigation strategies, as well as key themes of urban flooding. It also relates, as appropriate, causes and actions of urban flooding to existing federal resources or policies.
Table of Contents |
skim chapter | |
|---|---|---|
| Front Matter | i-x | |
| Summary | 1-8 | |
| 1 Introduction | 9-14 | |
| 2 Insights from Four Metropolitan Areas | 15-28 | |
| 3 Magnitude of Urban Flooding | 29-50 | |
| 4 A Way Forward on Urban Flooding | 51-62 | |
| References | 63-68 | |
| Appendix A: Trends Affecting Urban Flooding | 69-74 | |
| Appendix B: Baltimore Case Study | 75-78 | |
| Appendix C: Houston Case Study | 79-82 | |
| Appendix D: Chicago Case Study | 83-86 | |
| Appendix E: Phoenix Case Study | 87-88 | |
| Appendix F: Acronyms and Abbreviations | 89-90 | |
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