National Academies Press: OpenBook

A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future (2001)

Chapter: Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests

« Previous: Appendix C: Agenda
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
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Appendix D
EXAMPLES OF AREAS OF CLIMATE INFORMATION REQUESTS TO THE WESTERN REGIONAL CLIMATE CENTER

AGRICULTURE/LIFE SCIENCES (GROUP 1)

Plant disease

Cereals/corn/berries/grasses/

ornamentals/nuts/mints/melons/

fruits/vegetables/hay/alfalfa/

tubers/mushrooms/spices/

Plant Growth

Planting times

Germination

Dormancy requirements

Frost probabilities

Lodging

Harvest conditions

Product quality

Seed spoilage

Transport conditions

Storage conditions

Product marketing

Chemical tests

Pesticides

Growth retardants

Growth enhancers

Seed certification

Relocations

New crop introduction

Climate changes/fluctuations

Erosion

Water

Wind

Viticulture

Seed companies

Soil climatologies

Soil chemistry

Degree days—growing/chilling

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×

Water issues

Consumptive water use

Water stress

Drought

Frequency

Assessment

Designation

Groundwater recharge rate

Groundwater use rate

Groundwater contamination

Irrigation needs

Soil water balance

Evapotranspiration

Evaporation climatologies

Runoff and non-point pollution

Insects

Moths/worms/beetles/flies/ants/ mites/maggots/grasshoppers/ crickets/caterpillars

Chilling hours/dormancy

Egg-laying conditions

Growth/hatch timing

Dispersion

Migration

Host plant environment

Pollination conditions

Metabolism rates (=temperature)

Pesticide effectiveness

Introduction of new pests

Helpful (deliberate)

Harmful (accidental)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×

AGRICULTURE/LIFE SCIENCES (GROUP 2)

Wildlife

Severe winters/summers

Habitat conditions

Migration

Transplantation

Breeding success

Birthing/calving success

Endangered species conditions

Refuge management

Fish

Lethal/injurious water temperatures

In streams and rivers

Behind impoundments

Ice effects

Weather-induced sediment loading

Passage time—anadromous species

Flow volume and timing

Ocean conditions

Hatchery conditions

Disease outbreaks

Condition of redds/eggs

Grazing and forage conditions

Caged and penned animals

Permanent (domesticated species)

Temporary

(transplants/relocations)

Bird counts

Fungus distributions

Landscaping

Christmas trees

Riparian (stream) conditions

Experiment stations-research

General data bases

Conditions during experiments

Forestry

Reforestation

Viability of nursery stock

Clearcut/canopied microclimates

Ecosystem management

Parkland grazing conditions

Regeneration rates

Tree-ring growth and density

Fire

Ignition and growth potential

Triggering events

Firefighting conditions

Labor force

Equipment deployment

Mop-up, restoration, reseeding

Erosion susceptibility

Frequency assessment

Insect kills

Descriptive indices (e.g., Haines)

Lightning climatologies

Slash fire planning

Timber sale requirements

Blowdowns

Long-term climate variability

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×

ENGINEERING (GROUP 1)

Energy

Audits

Heat loss calculations

Utility costs

Users

Cities/counties/companies/ private citizens

Providers

Utilities

Hydropower supply

Rate setting

Energy demand

Fuel planning

Strategic planning

Alternative energy (climate-sensitive sources)

Wind—means & extremes

Passive solar

Small head hydro

Heat pumps

Passive cooling

Rel Hum, alt. fuel motor

Construction

Scheduling

Equipment inventories

Personnel hiring

Outdoor painting

Environmental conditions

Product testing

Specific conditions needed

Specific conditions not needed

Fog instruments

Corrosion tests

Uniform Building Codes

Hazardous phenomena

Tornadoes

Lightning

Hail

Ice storms

Tropical storms

Depth of frozen soil

Balloon and helicopter logging

Hazard likelihood

Performance standards

Power line routing

Stress on long atmospheric tethers

Airports

Runway orientation

Runway length

Number of runways needed

Instrumentation questions

Diesel low-temperature additives

Chip manufacturers

Vinyl glue separation

Electric field studies

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×

ENGINEERING (GROUP 2)

Design criteria

Roofs

Culverts, bridges, etc.

Storm sewers

Sanitary sewers

Aquatic center pools

City and industrial ponds

Cooling ponds

Settling ponds

Sewage treatment

Hazardous waste containment

Mine tailings

Evaporation calculations

Lighting

Freeze/thaw cycle climatologies

Frost effects

Drifting snow (depth/orientation)

Dam design

Boiler capacity

Refrigeration needs

Generators

Greenhouse heating/cooling

Structure orientation

Structure strength

Pollution dispersion

Freeze probabilities

Excessive values of

Heat

Cold

Wind

Rain

Snowfall

Snow depth

Humidity

Wave Erosion—causeways

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×

LEGAL

Accidents

Cars

Motorcycles/bicycles

Airplanes

Railroads

Hang gliders

Falls on ice

Storm damage

Claims adjustors

Real cause of damage??

“Act of God” or expected??

Crop damage

Wind

Hail

Heavy rain

Ocean waves

Open seas/beaches

Event insurance claims

Outdoor gatherings/events

Environmental Impact Statements

Endangered Species Act needs Biological Opinions

Grazing allotment decisions

Ecosystem Management background

Hazard Rankings

Environmental Assessments

Wetlands determination

Construction overruns

Landslides

Shipment delays/difficulties

Pesticide drift

Crime conditions

Murder/assault/violent crimes

Decomposition rates

Burglaries

Traffic tickets

Evidence reconstruction

Water

Landfill runoff

Landfill or waste seepage

Frozen/broken pipes

Subdivision runoff

Landlord—tenant disputes

Leaky roofs

Storage of household goods

Industrial painting disruptions

Dike/containment breaches

Seed spoilage

Highway sanding/plowing conditions

Pollutant transport

Firefighting/rescue conditions

Cement hardening conditions

Health/workman’s comp.

Claims

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER

Manufacturing/business development

Design criteria

Construction conditions

Marketing and sales impacts

Inventory deployment

Siting of shipping facilities

Relocations from afar

Businesses

Manufacturing plants

Retirement decisions

Weather-sensitive products

Marketing decisions

Agribusiness—development of:

New crops

New products

New markets

Outdoor gatherings

Festivals

Concerts

Air shows

Auto/air/water/foot races

Motion picture filming conditions

Hiring of labor

Seasonal industries

Construction

Agriculture/migrant laborers

Forestry

Recreation

News media

Magazines

Newspapers

Radio

TV

Trade publications

Historical event conditions

Tourism

Vacation planning

Recreation climatology

Hiking/camping/backpacking/ rafting/bicycling/skiing/wind-surfing/fishing/hunting/ mountain climbing/boating

Health

Relocation influences

Skin problems

Asthma/respiratory

Allergies

Trace chemical sensitivity

Solar exposure

Melanomas

UV effects on vision

Cloudiness climatologies

Altitudinal variation of radiation

Chambers of Commerce

Report Inclusions

National Weather Service

Background Information

Local forecasting studies/tools

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×

Classroom/Educational

Other states/countries

Local climatologies

Climate trends

Yearly/decadal fluctuations

Regional climates

El Niño/Southern Oscillation

Global climate change

Home energy and gardening needs

Brochures

Interpretative public displays

General advice and interpretation

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×
Page 77
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×
Page 78
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×
Page 79
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×
Page 80
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×
Page 81
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×
Page 82
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×
Page 83
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Areas of Climate Information Requests." National Research Council. 2001. A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10198.
×
Page 84
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A Climate Services Vision: First Steps Toward the Future describes the types of products that should be provided through a climate service; outlines the roles of the public, private, and academic sectors in a climate service; describe fundamental principles that should be followed in the provision of climate services; and describes potential audiences and providers of climate services.

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