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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B. Glossary." National Research Council. 2002. The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10391.
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Appendix B
Glossary


Accuracy:

The closeness of an individual measurement or of the average of a number of measurements to the true value. Deviation from the true value is a measure of bias in the individual measurement or averaged value.

ACWF:

America’s Clean Water Foundation

AER:

Allowable emission rate

AFO:

Animal feeding operation

Animal feeding operation:

As defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (40 CFR 122.23): a “lot or facility” where animals “have been, are, or will be stabled or confined and fed or maintained for a total of 45 days or more in any 12 month period and crops, vegetation, forage growth, or post-harvest residues are not sustained in the normal growing season over any portion of the lot or facility.”

Animal unit:

A unit of measure that is used to compare different animal species:

1. EPA (66 FR 2960- 3138): 1 cattle excluding mature dairy and veal cattle; 0.7 mature dairy cattle; 2.5 swine weighing over 55 pounds; 10 swine weighing 55 pounds or less; 55 turkeys; 100 chickens; and 1 veal calf.

2. USDA: 1,000 pounds of live animal weight

Anthropogenic:

Caused by humans

ARS:

Agricultural Research Service (USDA)

AU:

Animal unit


BW:

Body weight


C:

Carbon

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B. Glossary." National Research Council. 2002. The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10391.
×

C3, C4, etc:

Molecules with 3, 4, etc. carbon atoms

CCN:

Cloud condensation nuclei

CH4:

Methane

CNMP:

Comprehensive nutrient management plans

CO2equivalent:

The mass of CO2 with the same climate change potential as the mass of the greenhouse gas in question


d:

Day(s)

Denitrification:

Reduction of nitrates or nitrites to nitrogen-containing gases (mostly N2)


EPA:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency


FID:

Flame-ionization detector


GC:

Gas chromatography


ha:

hectare; an area 100 meters square, or about 2.5 acres

H2S:

Hydrogen sulfide


IPCC:

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change


kg:

kilogram, or 1,000 grams (about 2.2 pounds)

km:

kilometer, or 1,000 meters


Lidar:

A device similar to radar except that it emits pulsed laser light rather than microwaves

LU:

Live unit, 500 kg of body weight


Manure:

A mixture of animal feces and urine, that may also include litter or bedding materials

MS:

Mass spectrometer

MT:

Million tones

µm:

micrometer (10-6m); micron


N:

Nitrogen

N2:

Dinitrogen molecule

NAAQS:

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

NH3:

Ammonia

Nitrification:

Oxidation of an ammonia compound to nitric acid, nitrous acid, or any nitrate or nitrite, especially by the action of nitrobacteria

nm:

nanometer; 10-9m

NO:

Nitric oxide

NOx:

Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide rapidly interconverted in the atmosphere

NOy:

The sum of all oxidized nitrogen species in the atmosphere

N2O:

Nitrous oxide

NRC:

National Research Council

NRCS:

National Resource Conservation Service

Nutrient excretion factor:

an estimate of an element, for example nitrogen, excreted by an animal usually reported as kg per day (or year) per animal (animal unit or kg of bodyweight).


OFAER:

On Farm Assessment and Environmental Review (of the ACWF)

OH:

Hydroxy radical

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B. Glossary." National Research Council. 2002. The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10391.
×

Orographic:

Relating to the physical geography of mountains and mountain ranges


PAN:

Peroxyacetyl nitrate

PBL:

Planetary boundary layer

PM:

Particulate matter

PM2.5:

Particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less

PM10:

Particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µm or less

ppb:

Parts per billion by volume

ppm:

Parts per million by volume

Precision:

Agreement among individual measurements of the same property, under prescribed similar conditions


S:

Sulfur

SIP:

State implementation plans for NAAQS

Sulfuric acid:

H2SO4

Synoptic:

Of or relating to data obtained nearly simultaneously over a large area of the atmosphere


Tg:

Teragram, 1 x 1012 g

TSP:

Total suspended particulates


Uncertainty:

The degree of confidence that can be assigned to a numerical measurement in terms of both its accuracy and its precision

USDA:

U.S. Department of Agriculture


VOC:

Volatile organic compound

Volatile solids:

Weight lost upon ignition at 550 °C (using Method 2540 E of the American Public Health Association). Volatile solids provide an approximation of moisture and organic matter present.


yr:

year(s)

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B. Glossary." National Research Council. 2002. The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10391.
×
Page 90
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B. Glossary." National Research Council. 2002. The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10391.
×
Page 91
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B. Glossary." National Research Council. 2002. The Scientific Basis for Estimating Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10391.
×
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This is an interim report of the ad hoc Committee on Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations of the National Research Council's Committee on Animal Nutrition. A final report is expected to be issued by the end of 2002. The interim report is intended to provide the committee's findings to date on assessment of the scientific issues involved in estimating air emissions from individual animal feeding operations (swine, beef, dairy, and poultry) as related to current animal production systems and practices in the United States. The committee's final report will include an additional assessment within eight broad categories: industry size and structure, emission measurement methodology, mitigation technology and best management plans, short- and long-term research priorities, alternative approaches for estimating emissions, human health and environmental impacts, economic analyses, and other potential air emissions of concern.

This interim report focuses on identifying the scientific criteria needed to ensure that estimates of air emission rates are accurate, the basis for these criteria in the scientific literature, and uncertainties associated with them. It also includes an assessment of the emission-estimating approaches in a recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations. Finally, it identifies economic criteria needed to assess emission mitigation techniques and best management practices.

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