Endnotes
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
6. |
At the time this report went to press, an illustrative chart could be found on the IBM web site (www.storage.ibm.com/hdd/technolo/grochows/g02.htm). |
CHAPTER 3
10. |
Newman (2000) provides an overview of the challenges that are facing the universities and forcing change, including advances in information technology. |
11. |
For example, the IMS Global Learning Consortium is developing and promoting open specifications for facilitating online distributed-learning activities such as locating and using educational content, tracking learner progress, reporting learner performance, and exchanging student records between administrative systems (www.imsproject.org). The Advanced Distributed Learning initiative is a university-industry-government effort launched by the Department of Defense in 1997 to develop e-learning standardization (www.adlnet.org). |
12. |
The discussion at the January 22-23, 2001 Workshop on the Impacts of Information Technology on the Future of the Research University (www.researchchannel.com) includes perspectives from several experts. |
13. |
Another cohort of learners pushing for change is employed adults. |
14. |
In this area, information technology can help institutions and faculty move in a direction that they are already exploring. (King, 1993; Grasha, 1994) |
15. |
At some institutions, the distinction between adult learners and on-campus students is becoming increasingly blurred as more full-time students blend face-to-face and on-line coursework in order to balance work, family, and academic obligations. |
16. |
See Pethokoukis (2002) who cites proprietary reports from International Data Corp. and Bear Stearns. |
17. |
See www.blackboard.com and www.webCT.com. |
18. |
Unext is an education company that provides online business education and other e-learning products in collaboration with several universities (including Stanford and Columbia). Courses include targeted training programs and professional development, as well as business education. Unext |
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operates an accredited online university, Cardean University, that offers business-related courses and an MBA degree. |
19. |
An example of such a portal is Stanford’s Highwire Press (highwire.stanford.edu). |
20. |
Michael McRobbie (2001), Indiana University’s Chief Information Officer, notes that he operates with a $100 million annual budget and is implementing a $200 million five-year strategic plan for IT. |
21. |
The University of Phoenix (www.phoenix.edu) is a private, for-profit entity that provides high-quality education to working adult students. Through innovative avenues such as distance-education technologies, the University is accessible to working adults regardless of their geographical location. It has 107 campuses in the United States and Canada. |
22. |
Jones International University (www.jonesinternational.edu) is a completely online university that offers undergraduate and graduate degrees as well as certificate programs. Started in 1995, it was accredited in 1999 by the Higher Learning Commission, a member of the North Central Association. |
CHAPTER 4