Appendix B
Acronym List
ABR
auditory brainstem response AHD acoustic harassment device
AIM
Acoustic Integration Model ANDES Ambient Noise Directionality Estimation System
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
ATOC
Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate
CASS
Comprehensive Acoustic System Simulation
CB
critical bandwidth CNSR critical noise-to-signal ratio
CR
critical ratio
CRF
corticotrophin releasing factor
DANM
Dynamic Ambient Noise Module
DAPS
Dynamic Ambient Noise Prediction System
ESME
Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment
FAO
Food and Agricultural Organization FFT fast Fourier transform
GRAB
Gaussian Ray Bundles
HITS
Historical Temporal Shipping
IOS
International Organization for Standardization
LFA
Low-Frequency Active (sonar)
MMPA
Marine Mammal Protection Act
NAS
National Academy of Sciences
NAVOCEANO
Naval Oceanographic Office
NMFS
National Marine Fisheries Service
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOPP
National Ocean Partnership Program
NRC
National Research Council
NRDC
Natural Resources Defense Council
NSF
National Science Foundation
OAML Navy’s
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library
ONR
Office of Naval Research
OSB
Ocean Studies Board
PE
parabolic equation
PTS
permanent threshold shift
RMS
root mean squared
RRF
range reduction factor
SOFAR
sound fixing and ranging
SOLMAR
Sound, Oceanography, and Living Marine Resources Database
SOSUS
Sound Surveillance System SPAWAR Space and Naval Warfare
TTS
temporary threshold shift
USFWS
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USGS
U.S. Geological Survey