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Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals (2003)

Chapter: Appendix B: Acronym List

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Acronym List." National Research Council. 2003. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10564.
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Appendix B
Acronym List

ABR

auditory brainstem response AHD acoustic harassment device

AIM

Acoustic Integration Model ANDES Ambient Noise Directionality Estimation System

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

ATOC

Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate

CASS

Comprehensive Acoustic System Simulation

CB

critical bandwidth CNSR critical noise-to-signal ratio

CR

critical ratio

CRF

corticotrophin releasing factor

DANM

Dynamic Ambient Noise Module

DAPS

Dynamic Ambient Noise Prediction System

ESME

Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment

FAO

Food and Agricultural Organization FFT fast Fourier transform

GRAB

Gaussian Ray Bundles

HITS

Historical Temporal Shipping

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Acronym List." National Research Council. 2003. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10564.
×

IOS

International Organization for Standardization

LFA

Low-Frequency Active (sonar)

MMPA

Marine Mammal Protection Act

NAS

National Academy of Sciences

NAVOCEANO

Naval Oceanographic Office

NMFS

National Marine Fisheries Service

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOPP

National Ocean Partnership Program

NRC

National Research Council

NRDC

Natural Resources Defense Council

NSF

National Science Foundation

OAML Navy’s

Oceanographic and Atmospheric Master Library

ONR

Office of Naval Research

OSB

Ocean Studies Board

PE

parabolic equation

PTS

permanent threshold shift

RMS

root mean squared

RRF

range reduction factor

SOFAR

sound fixing and ranging

SOLMAR

Sound, Oceanography, and Living Marine Resources Database

SOSUS

Sound Surveillance System SPAWAR Space and Naval Warfare

TTS

temporary threshold shift

USFWS

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

USGS

U.S. Geological Survey

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Acronym List." National Research Council. 2003. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10564.
×
Page 159
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Acronym List." National Research Council. 2003. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10564.
×
Page 160
Next: Appendix C: Examples of Underwater Acoustic Noise Models »
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For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight.

Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.

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