Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities (2002)

Blewett, W.K., D.W. Reeves, V.J. Arca, D.P. Fatkin, and B.D. Cannon. 1996. Expedient Sheltering in Place: An Evaluation for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program, Chemical Research, Development, and Engineering Center, ERDEC-TR-336. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: U.S. Army Armament Munitions Chemical Command.

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2000. Technical Investigation Report: Release of GB at the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (TOCDF) on May 8-9, 2000, June. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Environmental Health.

CSEPP (Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program). 2000. Department of the Army, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program, CESPP Policy Paper Number 18, CSEPP National Benchmarks, August. Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

DoD (Department of Defense). 1980. Methodology for Chemical Hazard Protection, Technical Paper No. 10, Change 3. Alexandria, VA: Department of Defense Explosives Safety Board.

EG&G (Edgerton, Germerhausen and Grier). 2000. Confirmed GB Agent Readings in the Common Stack, Occurrence Report 00-05-08-A1, June 22. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). 2001. RCRA Investigation, Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS), May 9. San Francisco, CA: Environmental Protection Agency Region 9 Office.

FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency). 1993. National CSEPP Benchmarks. Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

FEMA. 1996. Planning Guidance for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program, May 17. Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

FEMA. 1997. Memorandum of Understanding Between the Department of the Army and the Federal Emergency Management Agency: Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP), October 8. Washington, DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

GAO (General Accounting Office). 2001. Chemical Weapons: FEMA and Army Must Be Proactive in Preparing States for Emergencies, August. Washington, DC: General Accounting Office.

Gertman, D.I., and H.S. Blackman. 1994. Human Reliability and Safety Analysis Data Handbook. New York, NY: Wiley.

Hollnagel, E. 1998. Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method: CREAM. New York, NY: Elsevier.

IEM (Innovative Emergency Management). 2001a. D2-Puff Version 4.0 Reference Manual. Baton Rouge, LA: Innovative Emergency Management, Inc.

IEM. 2001b. D2-Puff Version 4.0 Technical Manual. Baton Rouge, LA: Innovative Emergency Management, Inc.

IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1999. Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

IOM. 2000. To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Kasperson, R. 1992. The social amplification of risk: Progress in developing an integrated framework. Pp. 153–178 in Social Theories of Risk. S. Krimsky and D. Golding, eds. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Kasperson, R.E., O. Renn, P. Slovic, H.S. Brown, J. Emel, R. Gobel, J.X. Kasperson, and S. Ratnick. 1988. The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk Analysis 8(2): 177–187.

NRC (National Research Council). 1994. Review of Monitoring Activities Within the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 1996. Review of Systemization of the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 1997. Risk Assessment and Management at Deseret Chemical Depot and the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 1999a. Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility: Update on National Research Council Recommendations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 1999b. Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 2000a. Integrated Design of Alternative Technologies for Bulk-Only Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 2000b. Letter Report. A Review of the Army’s Public Affairs Efforts in Support of the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 2000c. Waste Incineration and Public Health. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 2001a. Occupational Health and Workplace Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 2001b. Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

NRC. 2002. Closure and Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Reason, J. 1997. Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Brookfield, VT: Ashgate.

Scholz, J.T., and F.H. Wei. 1986. Regulatory enforcement in a federalist system. American Political Science Review 80: 1249–1270.

Seinfeld, J.H., and S.N. Pandis. 1998. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change. New York, NY: Wiley.

U.S. Army. 1990. Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Nerve Agents GA, GB, GD and VX, Pamphlet 40-8, December. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Medical Services.

U.S. Army. 1991. Occupational Health Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Occupational Exposure to Mustard Agents H, HD and HT, Pamphlet 40-173, August. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Medical Services.

U.S. Army. 1993-1995. TOCDF Functional Analysis Workbook. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 1995. Army Regulation 50-6—Chemical Surety. Washington, DC: Headquarters, Department of the Army.

U.S. Army. 1996a. Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility Quantitative Risk Assessment, SAIC-96/2600. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 1996b. PMCD Regulation 385-3, Accident and Chemical Event Notification, Investigation, Reporting, and Records, August. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 1996c. Chemical Agent Disposal Facility Risk Management Program Requirements. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 1997a. Monitoring Concept Plan. Revision 3, May 1997. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: U.S. Army Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 1997b. A Guide to Risk Management Policy and Activities, 176-009, January. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 1999a. Regulation 385-3—Accident and Chemical Event Notification, Investigation, Reporting and Record Keeping, April. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 1999b. Results of the Independent Verification and Validation Study for the D2-Puff Model, TECOM Project No. 8-CO-480-CSE-001, DPG Document No. WDTC-DR-99-050. Dugway Proving Ground, UT: Metrology and Obscurants Division, West Deseret Test Center.

U.S. Army. 2000a. Annual Status Report on the Disposal of Chemical Weapons and Materiel for Fiscal Year 2000, September 30. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 2000b. Informal 15-6 Investigation of the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (TOCDF) Common Stack Release 8-9 May 2000, June. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 2000c. Operations Schedule Task Force 2000 Final Report. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 2001a. Status of Agent Destruction at JACADS and TOCDF, 5 September. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 2001b. U.S. Army Chemical Demilitarization Program Releases Updated Official Schedule and Cost Estimates, Press Release, October 4 . Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 2001c. Information provided to the Committee on the Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities by Andrew P. Roach, Office of the Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization, May 22.

U.S. Army. 2001d. Information provided to the Committee on the Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities by Gregory St. Pierre, Office of the Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization, May 30.

U.S. Army. 2001e. Stockpile leak data, provided by M.J. Civis and W.T. Studdert, U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, to the Committee on the Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities, August.

U.S. Army. 2001f. Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System: Report of the 3 December 2000 Chemical Agent Reading in the Heated Discharge Conveyor (HDC) Bin, March 30. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization.

U.S. Army. 2001g. Information provided to the Committee on the Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities during a fact-finding trip, Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility, Tooele, UT, July 26.

U.S. Army. 2002a. Information provided to the Committee on the Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities by Conrad Whyne, Deputy Project Manager for Chemical Stockpile Disposal, September 12.

U.S. Army. 2002b. Information provided to the Committee on the Evaluation of Chemical Events at Army Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities by the Program Manager for Chemical Demilitarization, March 5. USCNS (United States Commission on National Security). 2001. Roadmap for National Security: Imperative for Change, January 31. Available online at <http://www.homelandsecurity.org/sugg_reading/Phase_III_Report.pdf> [July 11, 2002].

USNRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission). 2000. Technical Basis and Implementation Guidelines for a Technique for Human Event Analysis (ATHEANA), NUREG-1624, REV. 1. Rockville, MD: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Utah DEQ (Department of Environmental Quality). 1996. Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility Screening Risk Assessment, EPA I.D. No. UT5210090002. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah DEQ.

Utah DEQ. 2000a. Investigation Report on the Agent Release from the Common Incinerator Stack on May 8 and 9, 2000 at the Tooele Chemical Agent Demilitarization Facility, June 16. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah DEQ Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste.

Utah DEQ. 2000b. Memorandum of Understanding Between Deseret Chemical Depot and Tooele County for Information Exchange, September 12; updated November 7, 2001. Salt Lake City, UT: Utah DEQ Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste.

Weick, K.E., and K.M. Sutcliffe. 2001. Managing the Unexpected: Assuring High Performance in an Age of Complexity. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Wood, B.D. 1992. Modeling federal implementation as a system: The clean air case. American Journal of Political Science 36: 40–67.

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (P.L. 105-277)

Chemical Safety Information, Site Security and Fuels Regulatory Relief Act (P.L. 106-40)

Clean Air Act (CAA; 42 U.S.C. §7401 et seq.)

Clean Water Act (CWA; 33 U.S.C. §1251 et seq.)

Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRTKA; 42 U.S.C. §11001 et seq.)

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA; 29 U.S.C. 1920.120 et seq.)

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA; 42 U.S.C. §6901 et seq.)

Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA; 15 U.S.C. §2601 et seq.)

This page in the original is blank.