APPENDIX B
SECURITY INITIATIVES AND PROGRAMS WITH CYBERSECURITY RELEVANCE
The following programs and initiatives are connected with improving freight security and use or affect a range of technologies, systems, and technology protocols.
Note: Customs = Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (formerly U.S. Customs Service); DHS = U.S. Department of Homeland Security; DOT = U.S. Department of Transportation; FAA =Federal Aviation Administration; FHWA = Federal Highway Administration; GIS = geographic information system; NHS = National Highway System; TSA = Transportation Security Administration; WMD = weapons of mass destruction.
Project: |
Electronic Supply Chain Manifest (ESCM) Operational Test |
Description: |
Intermodal research project that uses biometric fingerprint readers, smart cards, and encrypted Internet transactions to enhance the security and efficiency of freight supply chain activities. The project, which initially focused on air cargo transactions, is being incorporated into other freight modal tests |
Stakeholders: |
Trucking, manufacturing, air cargo industries, DOT, TSA/DHS |
Technology implications: |
Full integration of personnel, cargo, and tracking data using a range of cutting-edge technology systems |
Project: |
Transportation Worker Identification Card |
Description: |
Proposed government initiative to develop and test a technology-based secure identification system for transportation workers |
Stakeholders: |
TSA/DHS |
Technology implications: |
May use two or more biometrics on a smart-card platform |
Project: |
Surface Transportation Information Sharing and Analysis Center (Rail/Waterways ST-ISAC) |
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Commercial Vehicle Operations ISAC |
Description: |
Public–private system for sharing/transferring security-sensitive information between safety and security agencies and modal interests |
Stakeholders: |
Railroads, trucking companies, domestic waterway carriers, U.S. intelligence agencies, public safety agencies, law enforcement agencies |
Technology implications: |
Multijurisdictional data-transfer systems. Data formatting and encryption issues |
Project: |
TSA Airport Biometric Research Solicitation |
Description: |
TSA and FAA are developing and releasing a solicitation to develop and install aviation personnel identification systems throughout the United States (20+ airports). The focus is on access and perimeter control using existing and emerging technologies |
Stakeholders: |
Aviation personnel (possibly including air cargo personnel), TSA/FAA, law enforcement agencies |
Technology implications: |
Large-scale systems integration using personnel data and government information. Biometric data and readers integrated with personnel management applications |
Project: |
Cargo Handling Cooperative Program |
Description: |
Public–private consortium to pursue industry-driven enhancements to cargo handling that support a sustainable and seamless transportation system |
Stakeholders: |
Ocean carriers, railroads, port authorities, terminal operators/stevedores, trucking companies, government organizations |
Technology implications: |
Currently performing assessments of electronic seal technologies in support of the Operation Safe Commerce initiative |
Project: |
Freight Performance Measures (Satellite-Based Vehicle Tracking) |
Description: |
Research project that uses satellite tracking systems to develop real-time freight performance measures for the NHS (e.g., travel speeds, travel times) |
Stakeholders: |
FHWA, state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning agencies, NHS users |
Technology implications: |
New applications for vehicle tracking and analysis |
Project: |
American Transportation Research Institute Data Privacy Study (Data Sharing Protocols and Strategies) |
Description: |
ATRI will begin a study to analyze data privacy issues, data-sharing opportunities, and tools for protecting data |
Stakeholders: |
DOT, freight industries/business communities, Department of Justice |
Technology implications: |
The study will likely identify industry data that exist in electronic form and offer data protection strategies |
Project: |
Port Security Grants Program |
Description: |
Congressionally mandated and funded port security program that provides funding for proposals that test technologies and programs for improving port security. The program is focused on the largest U.S. ocean ports and strategic ports |
Stakeholders: |
Ocean carriers, trucking companies, port authorities, railroads, shippers, Customs, DOT, TSA |
Technology implications: |
Enhanced security infrastructures. Major systems integration between port systems, carrier systems, and public agencies. Likely to use new and emerging technologies and integration software applications. May require the development and collection of new data sets |
Project: |
Trucking Industry Anti-Terrorism Operations Center |
Description: |
The expanded Highway Watch Program has four elements: (a) a nationwide antiterrorism training program to maintain a 3 million–person cadre as “America’s Trucking Army”; (b) a Call Center to take, route, and record security and safety reports from the industry; (c) an Operations Center to perform analysis, planning, and communications functions for the industry on a comprehensive, integrated platform; and (d) an Information Sharing and Analysis Center to serve as the intelligence bridge between industry and government. Scope is directly linked to the level of federal financial support for this effort |
Stakeholders: |
The program is open to the entire trucking industry and is coordinated by the Trucking Security and Anti-Terrorism Working Group, which consists of 19 national trade and professional organizations |
Technology implications: |
The Call Center will utilize a national-capability contractor to conduct this activity. The Operations Center will use a technology platform to integrate industry data, GIS simulation, and open source data |
Project: |
National Hazmat Tracking and Security Test |
Description: |
DOT-sponsored research program to install and test a suite of existing and emerging technologies that may improve the security and efficiency of hazmat shipments in the United States |
Stakeholders: |
Hazmat carriers, DOT safety and highway agencies, law enforcement, safety regulatory agencies |
Technology implications: |
Uses existing and emerging wireless technologies including satellite tracking and communications, new biometric authentication systems, and electronic cargo data systems |
Project: |
Operation Safe Commerce |
Description: |
Coordinated research and testing of supply chain security systems using existing and emerging technologies, systems, and processes through the ports of Seattle/Tacoma, Los Angeles/Long Beach, and New York/New Jersey |
Stakeholders: |
Coordinated by Customs, DOT, and TSA; all research and testing via partnerships among the ports and the supply chains that use those points of entry |
Technology implications: |
Existing and new technologies and systems in tracking, management, information interchange, physical security, and risk assessment |
Project: |
Washington E-Seal Program |
Description: |
Track commercial inbound containers to determine whether container integrity has been compromised and facilitate border-clearance activities |
Stakeholders: |
Customs, Washington State Department of Transportation, Washington State Trucking Association, ports of Seattle and Tacoma |
Technology implications: |
Test technology to enhance security while improving efficiency of inspection and clearances |
Project: |
Safe and Secure Trade Lanes |
Description: |
Industry-funded initiative to demonstrate and deploy automated tracking and security technology for containers entering U.S. ports |
Stakeholders: |
Hutchison Whampoa, Ltd., PSA Corporation, P&O Ports, Port of Seattle, Port of Tacoma, Port of Los Angeles/Long Beach, Qualcomm, Savi Technology, SAIC, PB Ports & Marine, many others |
Technology implications: |
Testing technology and concepts developed for the U.S. Department of Defense in monitoring and tracking containers |
Project: |
West Coast Tracking Initiative |
Description: |
Industry-funded expansion of the ESCM project that will install and test biometric smart cards for container access and tracking purposes. Will likely tie into Port of Los Angeles/Long Beach for expanded functionality |
Stakeholders: |
Trucking industry, shippers/manufacturers, port authorities, container stakeholders |
Technology implications: |
Driver authentication through biometrics; facility access control and event notification via smart card (and prox card) systems |
Project: |
Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) |
Description: |
Customs initiative to certify companies who agree to conduct a comprehensive self-assessment |
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of supply chain security on the basis of guidelines developed by Customs and the trade community |
Stakeholders: |
Shippers, port authorities, importers/exporters |
Technology implications: |
Will vary depending on specific C-TPAT agreement |
Project: |
Container Security Initiative |
Description: |
Customs initiative to prescreen cargo at designated foreign “megaports” before export to the United States |
Stakeholders: |
Foreign ports, shippers, importers, and ocean carriers |
Technology implications: |
Use of the information provided on the Automated Manifest System to target “high-risk” shipments for further screening via X-ray, gamma ray, WMD detection technologies |
Project: |
Chicago Intermodal Data Transfer Initiative |
Description: |
FHWA-sponsored research to identify data-sharing opportunities among maritime shipping, rail, and trucking—with an emphasis on container movements to and from ports. The study will propose a technology system for expediting the flow of data between the modes |
Stakeholders: |
Freight industries, shippers/manufacturers, DOT |
Project: |
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey’s FIRST System |
Description: |
Internet-based port community system that consolidates cargo data and integrates vessel, highway, and rail data |
Stakeholders: |
Port community participants (terminals, truckers, freight forwarders, brokers, ocean carriers, etc.) |
Technology implications: |
Potential use as a nationwide platform for consolidated cargo data |
Project: |
Cargo*Mate Project |
Description: |
Multitechnology, multiphased system for tracking container chassis across the United States. Recently expanded to connect system to tractor/container tracking |
Stakeholders: |
PAR Logistics Management Systems, maritime shipping industry, trucking industry, Customs, DOT |
Technology implications: |
Real-time satellite/cellular tracking of chassis to provide end-to-end cargo visibility |
Project: |
Free and Secure Trade (FAST) Initiative |
Description: |
A joint program between the United States and Canada, the FAST initiative is now operational at Detroit, Michigan/Windsor, Ontario; Port Huron, Michigan/Sarnia, Ontario; and Buffalo, New York/Fort Erie, Ontario. In early 2003, the FAST lane program will be extended farther west along the border to Blaine, Washington/Douglas, British Columbia, and to the east, at Champlain, New York/Lacolle, Quebec |
Stakeholders: |
Customs, trucking companies, DOT |
Technology implications: |
Electronic data sharing/transfer between public-and private-sector entities using several technologies |