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Abbreviations and Acronyms AMTA American Membrane Technology Association AWWA American Water Works Association AwwaRF American Water Works Association Research Foundation BC before the Christian era CO2 Carbon dioxide ED electrodialysis EDR electrodialysis reversal EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency gal gallon gfd gallons per square foot per day kPa kilopascals kWh kilowatt hours L liter mg milligrams mgd million gallons per day m3 cubic meters MED multi-effect distillation MBR membrane bioreactor MF microfiltration Mgd million gallons per day MPa megapascals MSF multi-stage flash distillation NaCl sodium chloride NF nanofiltration NRC National Research Council NWRI National Water Research Institute n-ZLD near-zero liquid discharge OWRT Office of Water Research and Technology OSW Office of Saline Water ppi pounds per square inch ppm parts per million RO reverse osmosis SNL Sandia National Laboratories 63
64 Review of the Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmap TGPC Texas Groundwater Protection Committee TOC total organic carbon TDS total dissolved solids UF ultrafiltration U.S. United States USBR United States Bureau of Reclamation WHO World Health Organization VC vapor compression ZLD zero liquid discharge
Appendixes