National Academies Press: OpenBook

The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs (2004)

Chapter: Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses

« Previous: Appendix D: Presentations and Committee Meetings
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

Appendix E
Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses

INTRODUCTION

Following are the hydrogen production spreadsheets that are the basis for Chapter 5 in this report. As noted there, these charts are for different combinations of feedstock, status of technology (current versus possible future), and whether or not sequestration of carbon dioxide is required at facilities processing hydrocarbon feedstock. A modified version of Table 5-2, with additional pathways, is included here as Table E-1 for convenience in following the charts. This table lists the code for each pathway as used for identification in the charts.

The first spreadsheets are for the central station pathways, starting with a summary of the results in Table E-2. For each pathway, the hydrogen cost to the end user is listed as the sum of the production, distribution, and dispensing costs. The capital investment requirements and carbon dioxide emissions are also listed. Table E-3 is a summary of the design basis inputs for central plants. The central plants considered here can produce 1,200,000 kilograms of hydrogen per day (90 percent of the year), which will fuel more than 2 million fuel cell vehicles via four main transmission lines of 150 kilometers and 438 dispensing stations. The details for each pathway are then shown in Tables E-4 through E-12: first for natural gas, then coal, and nuclear. Finally, the associated transmission and dispensing analyses are shown in Tables E-13 through E-16.

To illustrate the detailed production spreadsheets, take CS NG-C (Table E-4) as an example. The size of the plant (1,102,041 kg/day of hydrogen) and annual load factor (98 percent) are entered at the top. In the top right corner, the spreadsheet calculates the vehicles that this plant could fuel for the assumed fleet (2,135,250 vehicles equivalent to 65 miles-per-gallon hybrids). Then characteristics of the natural gas and electricity inputs are entered (the latter to calculate overall carbon dioxide emissions). Capital costs are calculated on a unit basis and then multiplied by the capacity assumed, for a total of $453 million. Finally, the hydrogen costs are calculated for the assumed fuel, other variable, and capital costs. The final figure is $1.03/kg at the plant, not including any charge for carbon emissions. Delivering the hydrogen to the filling station would add $0.42 (Table E-13), and the costs of the filling station itself would add another $0.54 (Table E-15) for a total of $1.99. The assumed charge for carbon emissions at the production plant and indirectly from electric power generation would add $0.13, for a grand total of $2.11 (“total H2 costs” for “CS NG-C” in Table E-2).

Midsize plants are next, starting with the summary and design basis inputs in Tables E-17 and E-18. Natural gas and electrolysis plants are included here, unlike in Chapter 5. The analyses are shown in Tables E-19 to E-28. Also included is the distribution cost via tanker truck and dispensing costs, in Tables E-29 to E-32.

Distributed plants start with a summary and design basis inputs (Tables E-33 and E-34), then natural gas (Tables E-35 and E-36) and grid-based electrolysis (Tables E-37 to E-39) Included under the latter is a combination of natural-gas-assisted steam electrolysis case, for future technology only. Wind and photovoltaics are shown for both stand-alone units (Tables E-40 to E-43) and in combination with the power grid (Tables E-44 to E-47). Tables E-48 and E-49 show the detailed buildup of the cost of electricity from photovoltaics, which is an input to the electrolysis calculations.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-1

Hydrogen Supply Chain Pathways Examined

 

Primary Energy Source

Scale

Natural Gas

Coal

Nuclear

Biomass

Grid-Based Electricity (from any source)

Wind

Photovoltaics

Central station

CN: CS NG-C

CN: CS Coal-C

 

 

 

 

 

 

FN: CS NG-F

FN: CS Coal-F

F: CS Nu-F

 

 

 

 

 

CY: CS NG-C-Seq

CY: CS Coal-C-Seq

 

 

 

 

 

 

FY: CS NG-F-Seq

FY: CS Coal-F-Seq

 

 

 

 

 

Midsize

 

 

 

CN: MS Bio-C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FN: MS Bio-F

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CY: MS Bio-C-Seq

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FY: MS Bio-F-Seq

 

 

 

Distributed

C: Dist NG-C

 

 

 

C: Dist Elec-C

C: Dist WT-Gr Elec-C

C: Dist PV-Gr Elec-C

 

F: Dist NG-F

 

 

 

F: Dist Elec-F

F: Dist WT-Gr Elec-F

F: Dist PV-Gr-Elec-F

NOTES: C= current technology; Y= sequestration (hydrocarbon feedstock in central station and midsize plants only); F= future technology; N= no sequestration. The abbreviations for the hydrogen supply chain pathways (e.g., CS NG-C) are from the detailed spreadsheets that follow.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-2

Central Plant Summary of Results

Pathway

CS NG-C

CS NG-F

CS NG-C-Seq

CS NG-F- Seq

CS Coal-C

CS Coal-F

CS Coal-C-Seq

CS Coal-F-Seq

CS Nu-F

Table E-

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Capital investment, milion $

 

H2 production

453.39

326.85

623.75

425.54

1,151.92

868.18

1,177.33

889.97

2,468.19

Distribution

724.75

532.98

724.75

532.98

724.75

532.98

724.75

532.98

532.98

Dispensing

714.51

507.42

714.51

507.42

714.51

507.42

714.51

507.42

507.42

Total Capital Investment

1,892.66

1,367.25

2,063.01

1,465.95

2,591.18

1,908.58

2,616.59

1,930.38

3,508.59

Production costs, $/kg H2

 

Variable costs

 

Feed

0.75

0.71

0.79

0.73

0.21

0.19

0.21

0.19

0.20

Electricity

0.03

0.03

0.08

0.06

0.11

0.04

0.17

0.08

 

Decommission fund

 

0.06

Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.06

Total variable costs

0.79

0.74

0.89

0.80

0.35

0.25

0.41

0.30

0.32

Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital

0.06

0.04

0.08

0.05

0.15

0.11

0.15

0.11

0.31

Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital

0.18

0.13

0.25

0.17

0.46

0.35

0.47

0.36

1.00

Total Production Costs

1.03

0.92

1.22

1.02

0.96

0.71

1.03

0.77

1.63

Distribution costs, $/kg H2

 

Variable costs

 

Labor

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Fuel

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Electricity

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.01

Total variable costs

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.02

0.02

Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital

0.09

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.09

0.07

0.07

Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital

0.29

0.21

0.29

0.21

0.29

0.21

0.29

0.21

0.21

Total Distribution Costs

0.42

0.31

0.42

0.31

0.42

0.31

0.42

0.31

0.31

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

Pathway

CS NG-C

CS NG-F

CS NG-C-Seq

CS NG-F- Seq

CS Coal-C

CS Coal-F

CS Coal-C-Seq

CS Coal-F-Seq

CS Nu-F

Table E-

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

Dispensing costs, $/kg H2

 

Variable costs

 

Electricity

0.14

0.11

0.14

0.11

0.14

0.11

0.14

0.11

0.11

Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital

0.09

0.06

0.09

0.06

0.09

0.06

0.09

0.06

0.06

Total variable costs

0.23

0.17

0.23

0.17

0.23

0.17

0.23

0.17

0.17

Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital

0.05

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.04

Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital

0.25

0.18

0.25

0.18

0.25

0.18

0.25

0.18

0.18

Total Dispensing Costs

0.54

0.39

0.54

0.39

0.54

0.39

0.54

0.39

0.39

H2 costs, $/kg

 

Production

1.03

0.92

1.22

1.02

0.96

0.71

1.03

0.77

1.63

Distribution

0.42

0.31

0.42

0.31

0.42

0.31

0.42

0.31

0.31

Dispensing

0.54

0.39

0.54

0.39

0.54

0.39

0.54

0.39

0.39

CO2 disposal

0

0

0.09

0.08

0

0

0.16

0.15

 

Carbon tax

0.13

0.12

0.02

0.02

0.26

0.23

0.04

0.03

 

Total H2 Costs

2.11

1.73

2.28

1.82

2.17

1.63

2.19

1.64

2.33

Carbon dioxide vented to atmosphere

 

kg carbon/kg H2

2.51

2.39

0.42

0.35

5.12

4.56

0.82

0.60

 

Direct use

2.45

2.34

0.26

0.24

4.90

4.50

0.49

0.45

 

Indirect use

0.06

0.05

0.16

0.12

0.21

0.07

0.33

0.15

 

kg CO2/kg H2

9.22

8.75

1.53

1.30

18.76

16.73

3.00

2.21

 

Direct use

8.99

8.56

0.95

0.88

17.98

16.49

1.80

1.65

 

Indirect use

0.23

0.18

0.58

0.42

0.77

0.25

1.20

0.56

 

Carbon charge ($/kg)

0.13

0.12

0.02

0.02

0.26

0.23

0.04

0.03

 

Carbon dioxide sequestered

 

Carbon dioxide (kg CO2/kg H2)

 

 

8.56

7.91

 

 

16.19

14.84

 

Carbon

 

 

2.34

2.16

 

 

4.41

4.05

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-3

Central Hydrogen Plant Summary of Inputs

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-4

CS NG-C

CS Size Hydrogen Steam Reforming of Natural Gas with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-5

CS NG-F

CS Size Hydrogen via Steam Reforming of Natural Gas with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-6

CS NG-C Seq

CS Size Hydrogen via Steam Reforming of Natural Gas plus CO2 Capture with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-7

CS NG-F Seq

CS Size Hydrogen via Steam Reforming of Natural Gas Plus CO2 Capture with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-8

CS Coal-C

CS Size Hydrogen via Coal Gasification with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-9

CS Coal-F

CS Size Hydrogen via Coal Gasification with Future Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-10

CS Coal-C Seq

CS Size Hydrogen via Coal Gasification with CO2 Capture with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-11

CS Coal F Seq

CS Size Hydrogen via Coal Gasification Plus CO2 Capture with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-12

CS Nu-F

CS Size Hydrogen via Nuclear Thermal Splitting of Water with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-13

CS Pipe-C

Gaseous Hydrogen Distributed via Pipeline With Current Technology and Regulations

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-14

CS Pipe-F

Gaseous Hydrogen Distributed via Pipeline with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-15

CS Disp-C

Gaseous Pipeline Hydrogen-Based Fueling Stations with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-16

CS Disp-F

Gaseous Pipeline Hydrogen-Based Fueling Stations with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-17

Midsize Plants Summary of Results

Pathway

MS NG-C

MS NG-FMS

NG-C-SeMS

NG-F-Se

MS Bio-C

MS Bio-F

MS Bio-C-Se

MS Bio-F-Se

MS Ele-C

MS Ele-F

Table E-

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

Capital investment, MM

 

H2 production

21.52

17.12

29.26

23.06

121.04

59.04

123.91

60.53

84.78

9.71

Distribution

34.73

18.54

34.73

18.54

34.73

18.54

34.73

18.54

34.73

18.54

Dispensing

20.70

9.01

20.70

9.01

20.70

9.01

20.70

9.01

20.70

9.01

Total Capital Investment

76.95

44.67

84.69

50.61

176.46

86.59

179.33

88.08

140.20

37.26

Production costs, $/kg H2

 

Variable costs

 

Feed

0.79

0.74

0.82

0.79

0.98

0.42

0.98

0.42

(0.08)

(0.08)

Electricity

0.04

0.03

0.10

0.08

0.29

0.14

0.41

0.21

2.43

2.11

Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.15

0.07

0.16

0.08

0.11

0.01

Total variable costs

0.86

0.79

0.96

0.90

1.42

0.64

1.54

0.71

2.46

2.04

Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital

0.13

0.10

0.17

0.13

0.77

0.37

0.79

0.38

0.54

0.06

Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital

0.40

0.32

0.54

0.43

2.44

1.19

2.50

1.22

1.71

0.20

Total Production Costs

1.38

1.21

1.67

1.46

4.63

2.21

4.82

2.32

4.70

2.30

Distribution costs, $/kg H2

 

Variable costs

 

Labor

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

0.09

Fuel

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

Electricity

0.50

0.36

0.50

0.36

0.50

0.36

0.50

0.36

0.50

0.36

Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital

0.06

0.03

0.06

0.03

0.06

0.03

0.06

0.03

0.06

0.03

Total variable costs

0.65

0.49

0.65

0.49

0.65

0.49

0.65

0.49

0.65

0.49

Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital

0.28

0.15

0.28

0.15

0.28

0.15

0.28

0.15

0.28

0.15

Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital

0.88

0.47

0.88

0.47

0.88

0.47

0.88

0.47

0.88

0.47

Total Distribution Costs

1.80

1.10

1.80

1.10

1.80

1.10

1.80

1.10

1.80

1.10

Dispensing costs, $/kg H2

 

Variable costs

 

Road tax

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Station markup

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Electricity

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

0.06

Non-fuel O&M, 1%/yr of capital

0.13

0.06

0.13

0.06

0.13

0.06

0.13

0.06

0.13

0.06

Total variable costs

0.18

0.11

0.18

0.11

0.18

0.11

0.18

0.11

0.18

0.11

Fixed costs, 5%/yr of capital

0.08

0.03

0.08

0.03

0.08

0.03

0.08

0.03

0.08

0.03

Capital charges, 18%/yr of capital

0.36

0.16

0.36

0.16

0.36

0.16

0.36

0.16

0.36

0.16

Total Dispensing Costs

0.62

0.30

0.62

0.30

0.62

0.30

0.62

0.30

0.62

0.30

H2 Costs, $/kg

 

Production

1.38

1.21

1.67

1.46

4.63

2.21

4.82

2.32

4.70

2.30

Distribution

1.80

1.10

1.80

1.10

1.80

1.10

1.80

1.10

1.80

1.10

Dispensing

0.62

0.30

0.62

0.30

0.62

0.30

0.62

0.30

0.62

0.30

CO2 disposal

0

0

0.09

0.09

0

0

0.26

0.17

0

0

Carbon Tax

0.13

0.12

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.01

(0.31)

(0.21)

0.24

0.20

Total H2 Costs

3.94

2.74

4.20

2.97

7.07

3.63

7.19

3.68

7.36

3.91

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-18

Midsize Hydrogen Plant Summary of Inputs and Outputs

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-19

MS NG-C

Midsize Hydrogen via Current Steam Methane Reforming Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-20

MS NG-F

Midsize Hydrogen via Steam Methane Reforming with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-21

MS NG-C Seq

Midsize Hydrogen via Steam Methane Reforming Plus CO2 Capture with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-22

MS NG-F Seq

Midsize Hydrogen via Steam Methane Reforming Plus CO2 Capture with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-23

MS Bio-C

Midsize Hydrogen via Current Biomass Gasification Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-24

MS Bio-F

Midsize Hydrogen via Biomass Gasification with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-25

MS Bio-C Seq

Midsize Hydrogen via Current Biomass Gasification Technology with CO2 Capture

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-26

MS Bio-F Seq

Mid-Size Hydrogen via Biomass Gasification Technology Plus CO2 Capture with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-27

MS Ele-C

Midsize Hydrogen via Electrolysis of Water with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

Table E-28

MS Ele-F

Midsize Hydrogen via Electrolysis of Water with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-29

MS Truck-C

Liquid Hydrogen Distribution via Tanker Trucks Based on Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-30

MS Truck-F

Liquid Hydrogen Distribution via Tanker Trucks Based on Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE- E-31

MS Disp-C

Liquid-Hydrogen-Based Fueling Stations with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-32

MS Disp-F

Liquid-Hydrogen-Based Fueling Stations with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

Table E-33 begins on page 176.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-33

Distributed Plant Summary of Results

Pathway

Dist NG-C

Dist NG-F

Dist Elec-C

Dist Elec-F

Dis NGASE

Table E-

35

36

37

38

39

Capital investment, MM

1.85

0.96

2.54

0.57

1.30

Production costs s/kg H2

 

Variable costs

 

Road tax or (subsidy)

Gas Station mark-up

Feed

1.37

1.17

 

 

1.34

Electricity

0.15

0.12

384

3.31

0.40

Non-fuel O&M, %/yr of capital

0.12

0.06

0.16

0.04

0.08

Total variable costs

1.64

1.35

4.00

3.35

1.83

Fixed costs, %/yr of capital

0.23

0.12

0.32

0.07

0.16

Capital charges

1.64

0.85

2.26

0.51

1.15

Total Production Costs

3.51

2.33

6.58

3.93

3.15

Carbon Tax

0.17

0.14

0.24

0.21

0.18

TOTAL H2 Costs

3.68

2.47

6.82

4.13

3.32

Carbon Dioxide Vented to Atmosphere

 

KG Carbon/KG H2

3.31

2.82

4.79

4.13

355

Direct Use

3.11

2.67

 

 

3.05

Indirect Use

0.19

0.15

4.79

4.13

0.50

KG CO2/KG H2

12.13

10.34

15.13

15.13

13.03

Direct Use

11.42

9.79

 

 

11.19

Indirect Use

0.71

0.55

15.13

15.13

1.85

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

Dis WI EIe-C

Dis WT El-F

Di PV El-C

Di PV El-F

Di WI Gr C

Di WT Gr F

Di PV-Gr-C

Di PV-Gr-F

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

6.86

0.89

9.94

1.43

2.75

0.59

2.74

0.59

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.29

1.90

17.48

4.64

3.67

2.75

6.57

3.58

0.44

0.06

0.63

0.09

0.17

0.04

0.17

0.04

3.73

1.95

18.11

4.73

385

2.78

6.74

3.61

0.87

0.11

1.26

0.18

0.35

0.07

0.35

0.07

6.09

0.79

8.82

1.27

2.44

0.52

2.43

0.52

10.69

2.86

28.19

6.18

6.64

3.38

9.52

4.21

 

 

 

 

0.17

0.12

0.19

0.17

10.69

2.86

28.19

6.18

6.81

3.50

9.71

4.37

 

 

 

 

3.35

2.48

3.83

3.30

 

 

 

 

3.35

2.48

3.83

3.30

 

 

 

 

12.28

9.08

14.04

12.11

 

 

 

 

12.28

9.08

14.04

12.11

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-34

Distributed Plant, Onsite Hydrogen Summary of Inputs

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-35

Dist NG-C

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Steam Reforming of Natural Gas with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-36

Dist NG-F

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Steam Reforming of Natural Gas with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-37

Dist Ele-C

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Electrolysis of Water with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-38

Dist Ele-F

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Electrolysis of Water with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-39

Dist NGASE-F

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Natural Gas-Assisted Steam Electrolysis of Water with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-40

Dist WT Ele-C

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Wind-Turbine-Based Electrolysis with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-41

Dist WT Ele-F

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Wind-Turbine-Based Electrolysis with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-42

Dist PV Ele-C

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via PV Solar-Based Electrolysis with Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-43

Dist PV Ele-F

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via PV Solar-Based Electrolysis with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

Table E-44

Dist WT Gr Ele-C

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Wind Turbine/Grid Hybrid-Based Electrolysis with Current Costs

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-45

Dist WT-Gr Ele-F

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Wind Turbine/Grid Hybrid-Based Electrolysis with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

Table E-46

Dist PV-Gr Ele-C

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via Photovoltaics/Grid Hybrid-Based Electrolysis with Current Costs

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-47

Dist PV-Gr Ele-F

Distributed Size Onsite Hydrogen via PV/Grid Hybrid-Based Electrolysis with Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-48

Dist PV-C

Photovoltatic Solar Power Generation Economics for Current Technology

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×

TABLE E-49

Dist PV-F

Photovoltaic Solar Power Generation Economics of Future Optimism

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 141
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 142
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 143
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 144
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 145
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 146
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 147
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 148
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 149
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 150
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 151
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 152
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 153
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 154
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 155
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 156
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 157
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 158
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 159
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 160
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 161
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 162
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 163
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 164
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 165
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 166
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 167
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 168
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 169
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 170
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 171
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 172
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 173
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 174
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 175
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 176
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 177
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 178
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 179
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 180
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 181
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 182
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 183
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 184
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 185
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 186
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 187
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 188
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 189
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 190
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 191
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 192
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Spreadsheet Data from Hydrogen Supply Chain Cost Analyses." National Research Council and National Academy of Engineering. 2004. The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10922.
×
Page 193
Next: Appendix F: U.S. Energy Systems »
The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $68.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President’s 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation’s long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R&D program. Included in the assessment were the current state of technology; future cost estimates; CO2 emissions; distribution, storage, and end use considerations; and the DOE RD&D program. The report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation’s future energy economy and describes a number of important challenges that must be overcome if it is to make a major energy contribution. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!