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Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2005)

Chapter: Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

D
U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

TABLE D-1 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Total Water (mL): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

784

1,112

443

607

707

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

809

1,324

525

768

861

Both sexes, 1–3 y

3,172

1,420

509

701

822

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,247

1,779

1,069

1,235

1,332

Standard error

 

26

160

128

109

M, 9–13 y

1,188

2,535

1,211

1,495

1,669

Standard error

 

54

121

110

101

M, 14–18 y

891

3,400

1,765

2,118

2,333

Standard error

 

88

303

269

242

M, 19–30 y

1,872

3,908

1,849

2,260

2,517

Standard error

 

65

140

130

121

M, 31–50 y

2,495

3,848

1,632

2,094

2,380

Standard error

 

57

63

58

55

M, 51–70 y

1,872

3,551

1,606

2,024

2,281

Standard error

 

64

74

55

54

M, 71+ y

1,186

2,994

1,422

1,768

1,979

Standard error

 

45

64

53

46

F, 9–13 y

1,181

2,240

1,003

1,268

1,429

Standard error

 

49

70

61

58

F, 14–18 y

937

2,498

957

1,270

1,466

Standard error

 

66

80

74

74

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

856

1,047

1,313

1,564

1,786

2,384

1,051

1,260

1,544

1,833

2,027

2,588

1,032

1,320

1,703

2,141

2,492

3,238

1,513

1,742

2,005

2,274

2,453

2,826

76

35

49

130

200

389

2,001

2,439

2,964

3,523

3,901

4,715

82

61

77

143

200

342

2,743

3,282

3,928

4,617

5,086

6,102

180

100

150

337

488

858

3,019

3,709

4,577

5,548

6,232

7,763

101

73

88

181

267

493

2,920

3,632

4,527

5,574

6,340

8,122

50

54

78

128

178

325

2,765

3,387

4,148

5,018

5,643

7,065

56

58

91

129

187

424

2,377

2,895

3,502

4,136

4,559

5,453

35

34

64

116

158

260

1,734

2,132

2,623

3,181

3,582

4,497

52

47

65

96

139

312

1,841

2,331

2,958

3,722

4,301

5,688

70

52

80

172

287

673

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

F, 19–30 y

1,885

2,838

1,034

1,399

1,628

Standard error

 

41

64

55

48

F, 31–50 y

2,906

3,101

1,202

1,589

1,829

Standard error

 

43

56

52

46

F, 51–70 y

2,002

3,024

1,281

1,649

1,877

Standard error

 

49

96

56

49

F, 71+ y

1,317

2,617

1,227

1,540

1,729

Standard error

 

35

70

59

52

Pregnant

341

3,118

1,363

1,692

1,904

Standard error

 

139

183

146

151

Lactating

98

3,791

1,600

2,173

2,500

Standard error

 

171

233

214

207

P/L

434

3,277

1,527

1,924

2,163

Standard error

 

122

183

167

157

All individuals

27,744

3,006

968

1,343

1,589

Standard error

 

24

16

21

19

All individuals (+P/L)

28,178

3,011

971

1,347

1,594

Standard error

 

24

15

22

19

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTE: Total water intake reflects the sum of plain drinking (tap) water and the water content of all foods and beverages consumed. Data are limited to individuals who provided a valid response to the question “How much plain drinking water do you usually drink in a 24-hour period? Include only plain tap or spring water,” and who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual intake. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

2,077

2,687

3,435

4,244

4,795

5,979

39

40

60

99

133

219

2,280

2,898

3,690

4,582

5,276

7,038

34

46

48

82

127

325

2,316

2,898

3,594

4,333

4,832

5,899

56

50

93

94

139

391

2,082

2,536

3,064

3,609

3,969

4,715

41

34

52

90

122

196

2,341

2,966

3,736

4,530

5,053

6,167

161

200

201

272

309

835

3,076

3,753

4,463

5,127

5,537

6,333

199

194

193

222

261

371

2,610

3,182

3,839

4,511

4,953

5,869

139

130

155

225

288

446

2,087

2,791

3,662

4,659

5,423

7,247

21

34

37

51

79

143

2,093

2,797

3,667

4,662

5,423

7,235

21

37

38

51

80

143

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-2 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Drinking Water (mL): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

784

115

0

0

0

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

809

172

0

0

0

Both sexes, 1–3 y

3,172

383

0

0

0

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,247

615

120

203

261

Standard error

 

21

6

9

10

M, 9–13 y

1,188

1,096

67

191

292

Standard error

 

53

15

23

28

M, 14–18 y

891

1,393

64

215

346

Standard error

 

57

16

27

31

M, 19–30 y

1,872

1,389

43

165

282

Standard error

 

49

7

14

18

M, 31–50 y

2,495

1,292

34

146

255

Standard error

 

42

4

10

14

M, 51–70 y

1,872

1,255

43

171

289

Standard error

 

49

6

14

19

M, 71+ y

1,186

1,208

76

234

361

Standard error

 

45

11

18

22

F, 9–13 y

1,181

1,015

49

153

244

Standard error

 

48

12

20

23

F, 14–18 y

937

1,130

24

65

234

Standard error

 

50

6

28

76

F, 19–30 y

1,885

1,156

26

121

221

Standard error

 

34

4

12

17

F, 31–50 y

2,906

1,229

26

121

222

Standard error

 

24

2

8

11

F, 51–70 y

2,002

1,276

42

188

318

Standard error

 

35

8

17

21

F, 71+ y

1,317

1,122

62

218

343

Standard error

 

27

11

18

21

Pregnant

341

1,414

140

323

464

Standard error

 

98

149

173

174

Lactating

98

1,557

250

502

672

Standard error

 

136

254

237

213

P/L

434

1,442

119

305

449

Standard error

 

75

29

40

52

All individuals

27,744

1,139

26

122

218

Standard error

 

17

1

5

7

All individuals (+P/L)

28,178

1,144

27

124

221

Standard error

 

16

1

5

7

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a valid response to the question “How much plain drinking water do you usually drink in a 24-hour period? Include only plain tap or spring water,” and who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual intake. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

0

59

148

237

473

887

0

118

237

473

473

946

118

237

473

946

1,183

1,892

382

558

786

1,041

1,218

1,607

13

18

27

41

53

86

530

918

1,471

2,132

2,607

3,670

37

49

68

98

125

196

659

1,173

1,889

2,728

3,325

4,652

37

45

69

131

190

344

580

1,106

1,894

2,867

3,581

5,208

24

37

65

116

160

276

537

1,031

1,767

2,671

3,333

4,835

22

32

54

102

147

267

578

1,055

1,715

2,480

3,020

4,217

27

39

62

105

143

238

647

1,075

1,626

2,230

2,640

3,509

31

43

59

86

109

167

465

838

1,372

2,014

2,481

3,548

29

40

63

103

139

236

467

924

1,557

2,391

2,757

4,262

58

50

101

156

134

285

484

941

1,596

2,373

2,931

4,179

24

32

45

74

103

181

492

974

1,692

2,571

3,212

4,666

17

23

32

57

85

163

621

1,099

1,742

2,467

2,968

4,041

29

37

46

64

82

131

617

1,017

1,511

2,036

2,386

3,120

25

28

33

46

58

93

774

1,246

1,873

2,582

3,078

4,160

157

116

143

306

450

802

1,011

1,468

2,005

2,558

2,920

3,666

164

139

214

364

484

764

773

1,267

1,922

2,661

3,175

4,298

72

70

113

159

213

416

466

905

1,560

2,366

2,956

4,294

11

16

22

34

47

83

470

911

1,567

2,373

2,961

4,296

11

15

22

34

47

82

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-3 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Drinking and Beverage Water (mL): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

784

873

59

303

475

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

809

932

163

335

516

Both sexes, 1–3 y

3,172

1,007

237

399

479

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,247

1,264

663

803

879

Standard error

 

28

90

83

68

M, 9–13 y

1,188

1,923

736

975

1,126

Standard error

 

54

65

68

70

M, 14–18 y

891

2,716

1,222

1,551

1,748

Standard error

 

78

252

219

192

M, 19–30 y

1,872

3,176

1,268

1,628

1,859

Standard error

 

67

94

92

89

M, 31–50 y

2,495

3,089

1,054

1,466

1,729

Standard error

 

59

85

76

77

M, 51–70 y

1,872

2,761

1,000

1,350

1,572

Standard error

 

60

54

51

49

M, 71+ y

1,186

2,212

834

1,123

1,304

Standard error

 

44

47

41

38

F, 9–13 y

1,181

1,709

635

833

961

Standard error

 

46

60

55

51

F, 14–18 y

937

2,015

532

832

1,023

Standard error

 

61

67

61

59

F, 19–30 y

1,885

2,321

678

1,025

1,235

Standard error

 

39

65

62

62

F, 31–50 y

2,906

2,523

791

1,107

1,315

Standard error

 

40

37

30

31

F, 51–70 y

2,002

2,392

782

1,121

1,335

Standard error

 

45

47

45

45

F, 71+ y

1,317

1,959

723

981

1,142

Standard error

 

33

43

41

40

Pregnant

341

2,445

898

1,189

1,378

Standard error

 

123

145

155

158

Lactating

98

3,058

2,058

2,342

2,496

Standard error

 

171

1,150

852

684

P/L

434

2,597

981

1,315

1,526

Standard error

 

110

126

119

115

All individuals

27,744

2,376

590

906

1,108

Standard error

 

24

15

15

16

All individuals (+P/L)

28,178

2,380

592

909

1,111

Standard error

 

24

15

15

15

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating. NOTE: Plain drinking and beverage water intake reflects the sum of plain drinking (tap) water and the water content of all beverages consumed (including water from foods reported in a beverage combination). Data are limited to individuals who provided a valid response to the question “How much plain drinking water do you usually drink in a 24-hour period? Include only plain tap or spring water,” and who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual intake. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

649

848

1,054

1,308

1,495

2,019

684

886

1,125

1,419

1,592

2,083

673

906

1,262

1,638

1,918

2,545

1,028

1,226

1,448

1,705

1,860

2,251

56

38

33

86

109

232

1,421

1,822

2,315

2,850

3,217

4,016

69

58

64

99

143

286

2,113

2,587

3,171

3,840

4,325

5,434

141

95

129

302

460

877

2,321

2,970

3,802

4,750

5,427

6,976

80

68

86

158

228

422

2,231

2,883

3,705

4,694

5,426

7,114

79

65

79

132

189

349

2,002

2,576

3,307

4,174

4,812

6,286

50

56

77

121

164

291

1,651

2,113

2,665

3,248

3,640

4,467

33

36

60

105

142

233

1,220

1,587

2,063

2,608

3,000

3,904

43

43

65

109

147

247

1,371

1,828

2,454

3,236

3,827

5,218

49

49

78

178

274

538

1,601

2,152

2,876

3,625

4,163

5,369

66

39

92

120

140

338

1,728

2,303

3,062

3,987

4,688

6,384

32

37

58

78

138

432

1,741

2,254

2,883

3,617

4,145

5,320

45

50

59

97

119

196

1,453

1,868

2,365

2,892

3,245

3,994

37

34

42

73

101

172

1,757

2,287

2,957

3,709

4,243

5,457

148

141

157

270

403

805

2,758

3,054

3,353

3,625

3,789

4,100

404

184

370

659

843

1,200

1,933

2,477

3,130

3,821

4,289

5,288

111

115

142

200

255

405

1,528

2,146

2,954

3,908

4,623

6,442

17

21

33

43

66

128

1,532

2,151

2,959

3,912

4,625

6,436

18

22

31

42

62

125

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-4 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Food Water (mL): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

784

240

0

0

0

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

809

392

6

83

128

Both sexes, 1–3 y

3,172

414

55

121

159

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,247

521

230

301

342

Standard error

 

10

7

8

9

M, 9–13 y

1,188

609

264

339

385

Standard error

 

20

49

44

38

M, 14–18 y

891

689

346

426

474

Standard error

 

25

119

102

89

M, 19–30 y

1,872

732

279

384

447

Standard error

 

16

11

21

29

M, 31–50 y

2,495

761

264

372

439

Standard error

 

13

22

21

19

M, 51–70 y

1,872

788

257

372

444

Standard error

 

17

26

26

25

M, 71+ y

1,186

777

247

352

419

Standard error

 

21

24

25

27

F, 9–13 y

1,181

531

278

339

375

Standard error

 

10

66

57

49

F, 14–18 y

937

488

183

250

290

Standard error

 

21

37

34

31

F, 19–30 y

1,885

515

230

296

335

Standard error

 

9

43

37

33

F, 31–50 y

2,906

574

175

261

314

Standard error

 

10

11

10

10

F, 51–70 y

2,002

631

228

316

370

Standard error

 

11

15

14

13

F, 71+ y

1,317

656

266

361

417

Standard error

 

11

32

28

24

Pregnant

341

666

236

329

386

Standard error

 

31

21

21

22

Lactating

98

723

251

350

412

Standard error

 

60

27

35

41

P/L

434

672

382

453

495

Standard error

 

29

166

140

122

All individuals

27,744

629

203

294

349

Standard error

 

4

10

9

8

All individuals (+P/L)

28,178

630

205

295

350

Standard error

 

4

10

9

8

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTE: Food water intake reflects the water content of all foods consumed (excluding water from foods reported in a beverage combination). Data are limited to individuals who provided a valid response to the question “How much plain drinking water do you usually drink in a 24-hour period? Include only plain tap or spring water,” and who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method to provide estimates of usual intake. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy or lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy or lactating status were excluded from the analysis.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

31

189

354

553

723

1,119

236

347

493

651

861

1,296

260

379

522

694

841

1,183

416

507

609

717

790

944

9

9

11

14

17

29

469

579

715

870

982

1,241

28

17

33

73

108

201

562

673

798

923

1,004

1,170

61

29

53

113

156

253

563

707

873

1,049

1,167

1,417

30

17

26

37

37

50

566

731

924

1,121

1,251

1,519

16

13

16

26

33

52

578

748

952

1,181

1,342

1,693

22

17

19

34

46

80

552

733

953

1,189

1,349

1,695

26

20

32

44

65

158

440

521

610

699

755

870

33

13

25

53

72

113

366

464

582

714

807

1,014

25

21

27

48

68

120

409

501

606

712

780

920

23

11

19

40

55

89

415

545

701

869

985

1,233

8

9

13

21

29

52

473

607

763

923

1,029

1,248

11

11

17

24

29

44

519

643

779

909

992

1,155

16

11

19

33

43

65

495

638

807

981

1,096

1,335

25

31

39

49

57

77

532

691

879

1,076

1,207

1,484

52

64

76

89

102

141

570

662

763

863

927

1,056

84

36

63

142

198

322

454

597

768

950

1,074

1,351

645101428

455

598

769

950

1,074

1,349

6

5

5

10

14

28

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-5 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Potassium (mg): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

793

995

339

506

591

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

827

1,543

521

736

878

Both sexes, 1–3 y

3,309

1,970

590

869

1,071

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,448

2,189

1,576

1,741

1,832

Standard error

 

22

508

381

308

M, 9–13 y

1,219

2,622

1,335

1,653

1,836

Standard error

 

53

192

155

136

M, 14–18 y

909

3,125

2,319

2,533

2,653

Standard error

 

110

1,140

868

707

M, 19–30 y

1,902

3,374

2,270

2,554

2,715

Standard error

 

56

405

320

267

M, 31–50 y

2,533

3,432

1,505

1,954

2,215

Standard error

 

43

114

106

88

M, 51–70 y

1,942

3,314

1,252

1,733

2,022

Standard error

 

55

68

60

56

M, 71+ y

1,255

2,918

1,258

1,661

1,897

Standard error

 

45

107

85

80

F, 9–13 y

1,216

2,243

1,182

1,454

1,608

Standard error

 

60

50

83

88

F, 14–18 y

949

2,120

796

1,086

1,264

Standard error

 

67

106

112

109

F, 19–30 y

1,901

2,233

1,310

1,547

1,681

Standard error

 

31

206

163

136

F, 31–50 y

2,939

2,489

1,170

1,483

1,669

Standard error

 

39

94

81

73

F, 51–70 y

2,065

2,506

1,120

1,451

1,646

Standard error

 

30

67

54

47

F, 71+ y

1,368

2,407

954

1,294

1,498

Standard error

 

42

65

58

53

F, Pregnant

346

2,905

1,245

1,617

1,843

Standard error

 

143

382

340

305

F, Lactating

99

3,636

1,304

1,984

2,355

Standard error

 

255

952

755

682

P/L

440

3,056

1,502

1,881

2,104

Standard error

 

131

511

416

352

All individuals

28,575

2,705

1,107

1,461

1,677

Standard error

 

19

33

29

29

All individuals (+P/L)

29,015

2,712

1,106

1,461

1,678

Standard error

 

19

33

30

30

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

715

913

1,156

1,487

1,729

2,432

1,122

1,448

1,859

2,326

2,653

3,301

1,426

1,869

2,427

2,951

3,344

4,474

1,992

2,178

2,375

2,561

2,676

2,901

177

28

160

328

434

647

2,161

2,555

3,007

3,489

3,820

4,535

100

55

104

180

250

441

2,862

3,108

3,370

3,619

3,775

4,081

416

115

399

803

1,070

1,610

3,000

3,343

3,714

4,073

4,300

4,751

168

60

148

309

417

646

2,697

3,321

4,037

4,779

5,291

6,430

72

48

54

104

161

262

2,547

3,190

3,938

4,757

5,323

6,543

51

54

79

86

115

304

2,321

2,836

3,423

4,042

4,459

5,337

69

44

54

98

153

329

1,879

2,206

2,565

2,925

3,160

3,647

74

58

80

97

101

180

1,602

2,041

2,553

3,080

3,426

4,142

90

70

98

135

160

261

1,921

2,208

2,518

2,815

3,002

3,372

86

33

72

150

204

319

2,009

2,429

2,898

3,380

3,704

4,395

57

41

54

86

116

201

2,000

2,435

2,932

3,452

3,803

4,549

37

31

41

74

100

186

1,873

2,343

2,873

3,399

3,738

4,420

45

41

54

84

108

164

2,268

2,814

3,442

4,083

4,504

5,377

230

151

224

433

598

979

2,970

3,645

4,310

4,901

5,252

5,911

524

269

384

599

665

760

2,507

3,001

3,545

4,077

4,416

5,095

227

123

255

472

623

942

2,073

2,598

3,212

3,871

4,328

5,311

27

21

22

32

44

82

2,077

2,604

3,221

3,883

4,341

5,329

26

21

21

31

43

78

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-6 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Potassium (mg) by Non-Hispanic Whites: United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

444

988

317

537

599

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

459

1,595

627

780

933

Both sexes, 1–3 y

1,012

1,959

697

908

1,084

Both sexes, 4–8 y

929

2,173

1,397

1,597

1,711

Standard error

 

33

27

28

29

M, 9–13 y

309

2,672

1,246

1,556

1,746

Standard error

 

84

74

65

62

M, 14–18 y

224

3,189

1,263

1,665

1,916

Standard error

 

169

87

100

111

M, 19–30 y

456

3,515

1,545

1,989

2,258

Standard error

 

81

61

57

56

M, 31–50 y

852

3,545

1,697

2,117

2,370

Standard error

 

54

54

46

44

M, 51–70 y

899

3,416

1,635

2,046

2,292

Standard error

 

70

64

54

57

M, 71+ y

870

3,026

1,468

1,853

2,077

Standard error

 

56

71

68

101

F, 9–13 y

315

2,195

946

1,245

1,422

Standard error

 

66

52

49

50

F, 14–18 y

273

2,122

874

1,151

1,320

Standard error

 

79

57

59

61

F, 19–30 y

541

2,238

968

1,274

1,454

Standard error

 

35

33

30

30

F, 31–50 y

1,008

2,605

1,191

1,518

1,714

Standard error

 

42

42

37

36

F, 51–70 y

949

2,575

1,282

1,596

1,779

Standard error

 

35

39

50

61

F, 71+ y

973

2,430

1,204

1,506

1,681

Standard error

 

46

41

39

40

Pregnant

83

2,875

1,276

1,690

1,927

Standard error

 

162

143

146

148

Lactating

19

3,878

1,652

2,267

2,602

Standard error

 

401

788

599

508

P/L

101

2,995

1,302

1,743

1,995

Standard error

 

145

145

141

138

All individuals

10,513

2,788

1,159

1,525

1,744

Standard error

 

24

17

17

18

All individuals (+P/L)

10,614

2,792

1,160

1,527

1,746

Standard error

 

24

17

18

19

a M = male, F = female, P/L = female pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTES: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

712

901

1,146

1,477

1,736

2,547

1,176

1,479

1,910

2,413

2,842

3,301

1,444

1,859

2,406

2,905

3,316

4,063

1,912

2,152

2,411

2,660

2,816

3,127

30

33

38

45

50

63

2,106

2,577

3,134

3,719

4,112

4,943

63

75

102

144

181

278

2,401

3,047

3,822

4,645

5,201

6,389

135

168

207

257

301

422

2,760

3,405

4,151

4,914

5,414

6,449

60

73

100

138

169

246

2,841

3,444

4,139

4,850

5,317

6,288

45

51

65

90

113

178

2,748

3,327

3,987

4,656

5,093

5,994

58

66

90

113

159

361

2,474

2,948

3,488

4,069

4,469

5,326

112

53

102

114

111

314

1,745

2,146

2,591

3,031

3,312

3,876

55

65

83

117

148

226

1,638

2,050

2,527

3,016

3,338

4,006

68

78

94

117

139

195

1,784

2,190

2,640

3,082

3,364

3,927

31

33

43

65

85

135

2,077

2,536

3,058

3,583

3,924

4,623

35

39

50

69

86

129

2,107

2,510

2,970

3,451

3,776

4,470

52

39

76

63

82

324

1,998

2,387

2,816

3,237

3,504

4,039

42

46

52

63

72

95

2,346

2,842

3,368

3,865

4,172

4,770

153

162

183

222

257

345

3,194

3,863

4,544

5,167

5,543

6,255

369

317

459

726

925

1,350

2,439

2,964

3,515

4,033

4,352

4,972

136

143

164

196

222

284

2,148

2,677

3,304

3,971

4,430

5,451

20

23

28

37

46

75

2,151

2,681

3,308

3,974

4,431

5,447

20

22

29

37

46

75

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-7 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Potassium (mg) by Non-Hispanic Blacks: United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

156

974

339

488

545

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

128

1,378

375

701

832

Both sexes, 1–3 y

980

1,862

371

713

921

Both sexes, 4–8 y

1,105

2,170

1,345

1,556

1,676

Standard error

 

28

24

22

22

M, 9–13 y

425

2,386

1,018

1,325

1,511

Standard error

 

59

47

48

49

M, 14–18 y

326

2,991

1,029

1,428

1,681

Standard error

 

103

70

74

76

M, 19–30 y

586

3,107

1,171

1,582

1,851

Standard error

 

137

98

144

146

M, 31–50 y

808

2,887

1,164

1,539

1,769

Standard error

 

59

59

53

72

M, 51–70 y

489

2,369

917

1,232

1,426

Standard error

 

78

57

53

52

M, 71+ y

191

2,183

838

1,118

1,293

Standard error

 

91

61

55

53

F, 9–13 y

431

2,114

892

1,186

1,360

Standard error

 

62

48

45

47

F, 14–18 y

333

2,062

843

1,123

1,292

Standard error

 

68

43

47

51

F, 19–30 y

652

2,063

801

1,075

1,244

Standard error

 

59

39

42

44

F, 31–50 y

1,003

2,063

866

1,131

1,294

Standard error

 

35

31

30

29

F, 51–70 y

530

2,063

863

1,136

1,301

Standard error

 

33

34

31

30

F, 71+ y

217

2,014

872

1,135

1,293

Standard error

 

76

43

49

54

Pregnant

111

2,816

1,236

1,579

1,789

Standard error

 

174

141

135

135

Lactating

11

3,437

1,525

1,525

1,562

P/L

120

2,874

1,262

1,612

1,827

Standard error

 

166

130

126

128

All individuals

8,360

2,334

888

1,206

1,375

Standard error

 

21

18

18

19

All individuals (+P/L)

8,480

2,343

891

1,211

1,382

Standard error

 

21

18

19

19

a M = male, F = female, P/L = female pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTES: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months, children 1–3 years of age, and lactating females are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

694

929

1,173

1,568

1,698

2,030

983

1,312

1,668

2,117

2,406

2,619

1,307

1,793

2,331

2,865

3,314

4,317

1,890

2,146

2,424

2,693

2,863

3,200

24

28

33

41

47

60

1,861

2,310

2,828

3,358

3,706

4,425

54

60

69

84

100

143

2,176

2,841

3,642

4,493

5,068

6,293

80

93

130

202

265

428

2,383

3,036

3,686

4,386

4,936

6,269

199

341

134

291

291

614

2,206

2,778

3,450

4,148

4,611

5,578

68

66

121

102

132

500

1,795

2,278

2,844

3,430

3,819

4,629

56

69

95

132

162

233

1,632

2,083

2,625

3,201

3,588

4,416

57

75

117

188

247

398

1,678

2,069

2,501

2,923

3,192

3,728

53

64

74

86

95

122

1,607

2,004

2,454

2,905

3,197

3,790

60

70

81

97

112

155

1,566

1,986

2,476

2,980

3,313

4,008

50

58

70

89

106

155

1,599

1,994

2,451

2,920

3,228

3,870

30

33

44

65

85

134

1,610

2,003

2,451

2,902

3,195

3,797

30

32

42

62

80

127

1,587

1,958

2,381

2,806

3,082

3,644

64

77

92

112

129

174

2,188

2,712

3,331

3,979

4,413

5,327

144

168

205

254

293

395

1,869

2,985

5,268

5,268

5,454

5,454

2,234

2,768

3,398

4,057

4,496

5,422

138

161

196

240

275

364

1,734

2,230

2,808

3,433

3,810

4,779

19

22

33

68

61

69

1,744

2,238

2,823

3,429

3,816

4,808

18

19

29

42

44

70

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-8 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Sodium (mg): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

793

282

78

117

137

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

827

846

150

198

239

Both sexes, 1–3 y

3,309

2,114

443

763

980

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,448

2,864

1,680

1,980

2,150

Standard error

 

47

41

43

44

M, 9–13 y

1,219

3,809

2,123

2,533

2,771

Standard error

 

141

575

464

395

M, 14–18 y

909

4,598

2,332

2,873

3,193

Standard error

 

135

612

513

444

M, 19–30 y

1,902

4,746

3,464

3,802

3,991

Standard error

 

88

1,350

1,060

884

M, 31–50 y

2,533

4,418

1,928

2,498

2,830

Standard error

 

68

143

118

104

M, 51–70 y

1,942

3,781

1,851

2,323

2,595

Standard error

 

73

177

157

150

M, 71+ y

1,255

3,198

1,284

1,738

2,007

Standard error

 

63

143

106

92

F, 9–13 y

1,216

3,178

1,732

2,092

2,295

Standard error

 

79

65

63

64

F, 14–18 y

949

3,083

1,075

1,494

1,757

Standard error

 

114

145

137

130

F, 19–30 y

1,901

3,159

1,908

2,225

2,404

Standard error

 

66

388

319

275

F, 31–50 y

2,939

3,032

1,416

1,797

2,017

Standard error

 

50

126

103

91

F, 51–70 y

2,065

2,613

1,117

1,471

1,680

Standard error

 

33

87

75

66

F, 71+ y

1,368

2,395

827

1,177

1,392

Standard error

 

54

82

87

81

Pregnant

346

3,522

2,084

2,448

2,656

Standard error

 

129

1,070

848

706

Lactating

99

3,697

2,522

2,834

3,009

Standard error

 

300

1,590

1,200

971

P/L

440

3,581

2,095

2,478

2,695

Standard error

 

103

626

507

431

All individuals

28,575

3,415

1,174

1,672

1,956

Standard error

 

31

47

44

38

All individuals (+P/L)

29,015

3,418

1,177

1,675

1,959

Standard error

 

31

46

43

37

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTE: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

178

234

303

418

595

1,398

341

645

1,202

1,746

2,095

2,899

1,410

1,953

2,617

3,403

4,141

5,374

2,452

2,818

3,225

3,636

3,906

4,471

45

48

52

59

65

80

3,198

3,724

4,325

4,950

5,373

6,277

268

146

243

508

718

1,220

3,777

4,504

5,317

6,127

6,648

7,707

306

153

246

504

689

1,100

4,323

4,717

5,137

5,539

5,791

6,289

548

132

433

969

1,330

2,080

3,452

4,271

5,220

6,187

6,841

8,283

95

72

108

167

225

373

3,079

3,672

4,359

5,100

5,612

6,721

120

72

104

203

277

455

2,496

3,103

3,793

4,508

4,983

5,979

70

59

103

161

221

424

2,654

3,097

3,610

4,160

4,542

5,396

71

81

93

117

137

189

2,266

2,941

3,746

4,592

5,156

6,345

117

116

156

237

304

469

2,721

3,107

3,538

3,978

4,271

4,888

188

84

123

294

425

723

2,425

2,946

3,540

4,146

4,558

5,478

73

56

57

96

140

263

2,062

2,535

3,077

3,644

4,024

4,828

50

35

41

77

110

193

1,794

2,294

2,863

3,504

3,978

5,064

64

53

72

114

176

366

3,028

3,478

3,968

4,443

4,744

5,343

435

143

393

804

1,080

1,640

3,315

3,674

4,054

4,414

4,637

5,076

581

301

667

1,190

1,540

2,230

3,081

3,543

4,039

4,516

4,816

5,407

283

120

219

459

624

969

2,494

3,219

4,123

5,121

5,815

7,413

33

30

41

66

94

161

2,499

3,223

4,126

5,120

5,813

7,405

32

30

40

65

91

153

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-9 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Sodium (mg) by Non-Hispanic Whites: United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

444

268

74

117

137

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

459

831

157

211

249

Both sexes, 1–3 y

1,012

2,097

495

791

1,030

Both sexes, 4–8 y

929

2,818

1,567

1,862

2,036

Standard error

 

56

44

45

47

M, 9–13 y

309

3,900

1,844

2,284

2,554

Standard error

 

184

110

113

117

M, 14–18 y

224

4,648

1,977

2,598

2,971

Standard error

 

194

142

146

152

M, 19–30 y

456

4,905

2,176

2,779

3,146

Standard error

 

120

100

95

96

M, 31–50 y

852

4,422

2,087

2,621

2,942

Standard error

 

79

68

61

61

M, 51–70 y

899

3,812

1,889

2,356

2,628

Standard error

 

74

64

82

110

M, 71+ y

870

3,382

1,564

2,004

2,261

Standard error

 

79

65

59

64

F, 9–13 y

315

3,148

1,547

1,897

2,110

Standard error

 

111

87

82

82

F, 14–18 y

273

3,018

1,220

1,622

1,867

Standard error

 

138

74

90

101

F, 19–30 y

541

3,090

1,389

1,782

2,015

Standard error

 

62

40

48

54

F, 31–50 y

1,008

3,005

1,385

1,765

1,991

Standard error

 

55

48

46

46

F, 51–70 y

949

2,676

1,248

1,601

1,806

Standard error

 

41

36

61

73

F, 71+ y

973

2,484

1,178

1,493

1,678

Standard error

 

60

51

50

51

Pregnant

83

3,544

1,667

2,132

2,403

Standard error

 

181

186

176

171

Lactating

19

3,741

2,113

2,460

2,671

Standard error

 

411

310

309

316

P/L

101

3,583

1,747

2,198

2,460

Standard error

 

141

184

165

157

All individuals

10,513

3,434

1,217

1,707

1,995

Standard error

 

36

20

23

24

All individuals (+P/L)

10,614

3,436

1,221

1,711

2,000

Standard error

 

36

20

23

24

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTES: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small so, their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

175

222

301

397

546

1,237

346

593

1,212

1,744

2,115

2,590

1,412

1,954

2,554

3,293

4,061

5,303

2,357

2,759

3,215

3,677

3,977

4,596

50

56

64

76

87

116

3,071

3,753

4,566

5,430

6,017

7,288

131

162

223

319

401

617

3,660

4,527

5,504

6,479

7,108

8,386

169

196

229

265

291

355

3,840

4,740

5,790

6,877

7,598

9,107

103

121

144

177

205

285

3,539

4,299

5,171

6,059

6,641

7,842

68

81

97

116

131

172

3,115

3,707

4,390

5,125

5,630

6,718

117

70

94

110

129

356

2,724

3,294

3,943

4,614

5,060

5,996

67

73

100

126

152

276

2,514

3,041

3,665

4,322

4,763

5,702

81

89

122

199

283

540

2,328

2,920

3,601

4,297

4,752

5,688

120

141

162

185

204

258

2,441

2,980

3,616

4,302

4,775

5,808

53

57

81

107

162

411

2,408

2,931

3,522

4,115

4,497

5,277

48

53

64

80

94

128

2,171

2,611

3,107

3,625

3,974

4,713

67

39

73

88

84

165

2,014

2,425

2,882

3,357

3,679

4,379

54

57

70

93

113

191

2,892

3,486

4,133

4,758

5,153

5,937

166

174

210

282

344

496

3,074

3,612

4,267

4,978

5,465

6,527

341

391

475

603

715

1,020

2,935

3,518

4,161

4,793

5,194

5,997

147

145

157

189

222

310

2,532

3,250

4,135

5,106

5,785

7,297

28

34

45

58

70

103

2,537

3,254

4,136

5,104

5,781

7,286

28

35

45

59

70

104

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-10 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Sodium (mg) by Non-Hispanic Blacks: United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

156

303

74

111

134

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

128

810

128

196

198

Both sexes, 1–3 y

980

2,370

490

865

1,069

Both sexes, 4–8 y

1,105

3,100

1,647

1,989

2,192

Standard error

 

51

44

40

40

M, 9–13 y

425

3,519

1,575

2,009

2,273

Standard error

 

125

100

177

233

M, 14–18 y

326

4,604

1,832

2,420

2,785

Standard error

 

174

123

134

141

M, 19–30 y

586

4,831

1,907

2,537

2,927

Standard error

 

179

86

98

108

M, 31–50 y

808

4,307

1,752

2,339

2,689

Standard error

 

116

66

71

76

M, 51–70 y

489

3,136

1,173

1,594

1,855

Standard error

 

140

78

196

264

M, 71+ y

191

2,517

954

1,302

1,515

Standard error

 

89

54

59

64

F, 9–13 y

431

3,277

1,451

1,879

2,134

Standard error

 

110

83

77

77

F, 14–18 y

333

3,220

1,295

1,728

1,991

Standard error

 

143

162

141

131

F, 19–30 y

652

3,359

1,346

1,766

2,029

Standard error

 

112

49

68

78

F, 31–50 y

1,003

2,971

1,285

1,689

1,926

Standard error

 

50

47

43

42

F, 51–70 y

530

2,447

1,021

1,351

1,550

Standard error

 

63

46

49

51

F, 71+ y

217

2,040

831

1,094

1,255

Standard error

 

91

65

68

71

Pregnant

111

3,845

1,631

2,164

2,479

Standard error

 

265

237

226

226

Lactating

11

3,960

1,087

1,087

1,264

P/L

120

3,836

1,609

2,139

2,453

Standard error

 

235

212

202

201

All individuals

8,360

3,376

1,043

1,561

1,858

Standard error

 

36

23

31

30

All individuals (+P/L)

8,480

3,384

1,047

1,566

1,864

Standard error

 

36

23

32

30

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTES: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months, children 1–3 years of age, and lactating females are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

166

244

312

417

530

2,486

295

512

1,166

1,816

2,025

2,997

1,569

2,195

2,901

3,899

4,615

5,807

2,564

3,032

3,562

4,096

4,444

5,157

42

49

61

79

95

135

2,768

3,406

4,147

4,911

5,415

6,464

242

126

181

238

234

494

3,486

4,412

5,513

6,671

7,447

9,089

154

173

211

283

349

526

3,670

4,644

5,788

6,976

7,766

9,421

131

165

220

303

372

550

3,332

4,145

5,100

6,127

6,832

8,358

89

110

144

188

223

309

2,351

3,004

3,779

4,588

5,125

6,246

277

137

185

226

207

608

1,917

2,432

3,025

3,627

4,020

4,827

76

91

110

133

152

203

2,604

3,194

3,861

4,528

4,958

5,829

86

107

137

172

198

260

2,485

3,117

3,844

4,583

5,065

6,056

122

130

157

201

240

344

2,536

3210

4,019

4,877

5,457

6,698

86

97

140

206

265

448

2,352

2878

3,485

4,131

4,572

5,515

42

47

62

86

107

162

1,918

2382

2,905

3,427

3,764

4,448

55

62

74

92

108

149

1,563

1964

2,434

2,922

3,246

3,924

77

88

107

141

172

255

3,054

3765

4,548

5,316

5,803

6,778

235

257

290

337

377

485

1,615

2724

4,993

8,362

8,362

8,362

3,031

3748

4,545

5,331

5,833

6,840

207

226

257

303

343

449

2,412

3,170

4,134

5,127

5,828

7,563

26

32

60

71

86

133

2,419

3179

4,144

5,138

5,838

7,564

26

32

59

72

86

133

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

TABLE D-11 Mean and Selected Percentiles for Usual Daily Intake of Sodium:Potassium (molar ratio): United States, NHANES III, 1988–1994

Sex/Age Categorya

n

Mean

Percentile

1st

5th

10th

Both sexes, 2–6 mo

793

0.49

0.20

0.27

0.31

Both sexes, 7–12 mo

827

0.93

0.22

0.31

0.36

Both sexes, 1–3 y

3,309

1.99

0.49

0.77

0.94

Both sexes, 4–8 y

3,448

2.39

1.54

1.74

1.86

 

Standard error

 

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.03

M, 9–13 y

1,219

2.63

1.44

1.71

1.88

Standard error

 

0.06

0.04

0.04

0.04

M, 14–18 y

909

2.81

1.37

1.75

1.96

Standard error

 

0.05

0.06

0.05

0.05

M, 19–30 y

1,902

2.56

1.37

1.66

1.82

Standard error

 

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.03

M, 31–50 y

2,533

2.35

1.24

1.50

1.65

Standard error

 

0.03

0.04

0.03

0.03

M, 51–70 y

1,942

2.14

1.09

1.34

1.48

Standard error

 

0.03

0.03

0.03

0.02

M, 71+ y

1,255

2.07

1.04

1.29

1.43

Standard error

 

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.03

F, 9–13 y

1,216

2.74

1.48

1.77

1.94

Standard error

 

0.09

0.06

0.04

0.07

F, 14–18 y

949

2.70

1.43

1.71

1.88

Standard error

 

0.07

0.05

0.05

0.05

F, 19–30 y

1,901

2.61

1.36

1.65

1.82

Standard error

 

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.03

F, 31–50 y

2,939

2.27

1.18

1.43

1.57

Standard error

 

0.04

0.03

0.03

0.03

F, 51–70 y

2,065

1.96

1.02

1.24

1.37

Standard error

 

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.02

F, 71+ y

1,368

1.89

0.99

1.20

1.32

Standard error

 

0.04

0.02

0.02

0.03

Pregnant

346

2.32

1.16

1.42

1.57

Standard error

 

0.14

0.07

0.11

0.12

Lactating

99

2.03

1.06

1.23

1.36

Standard error

 

0.25

0.09

0.11

0.13

P/L

440

2.27

1.14

1.39

1.55

Standard error

 

0.13

0.06

0.08

0.10

All individuals

28,575

2.32

1.20

1.46

1.61

Standard error

 

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

All individuals (+P/L)

29,015

2.32

1.08

1.36

1.53

Standard error

 

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

a M = male, F = female, P/L = pregnant and/or lactating.

NOTES: Data are limited to individuals who provided a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall on Day 1. The intake distributions for infants 2–6 and 7–12 months and children 1–3 years of age are unadjusted. Means and percentiles for these groups were computed using SAS PROC UNIVARIATE. For all other groups, data were adjusted using the Iowa State University method. Means, standard errors, and percentiles were obtained using C-Side. Standard errors were estimated via jackknife replication. Each standard error has 49 degrees of freedom. Infants and children fed human milk and females who had “blank but applicable” pregnancy and lactating status data or who responded “I don’t know” to questions on pregnancy and lactating status were excluded from all analyses. Females who were both pregnant and lactating were included in both the Pregnant and Lactating categories. The sample sizes for the Pregnant and Lactating categories were very small, so their estimates of usual intake distributions are not reliable.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×

25th

50th

75th

90th

95th

99th

0.37

0.43

0.50

0.64

0.75

1.96

0.45

0.76

1.23

1.75

2.11

3.26

1.29

1.81

2.42

3.14

3.71

5.74

2.08

2.35

2.65

2.97

3.18

3.62

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.08

2.18

2.57

3.01

3.47

3.78

4.41

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.09

0.11

0.15

2.33

2.74

3.21

3.72

4.09

4.91

0.05

0.05

0.07

0.10

0.12

0.17

2.13

2.50

2.93

3.35

3.63

4.18

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.07

1.93

2.28

2.70

3.12

3.41

4.06

0.04

0.03

0.04

0.04

0.05

0.09

1.74

2.07

2.45

2.86

3.15

3.82

0.02

0.02

0.04

0.07

0.10

0.21

1.69

2.00

2.37

2.78

3.07

3.71

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.08

0.11

0.19

2.26

2.66

3.11

3.62

4.00

4.94

0.11

0.08

0.18

0.20

0.19

0.25

2.20

2.62

3.10

3.61

3.95

4.66

0.05

0.06

0.08

0.11

0.14

0.24

2.14

2.54

3.00

3.49

3.83

4.55

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.08

0.11

1.84

2.20

2.61

3.05

3.34

3.99

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.08

0.09

0.12

1.61

1.91

2.25

2.60

2.84

3.36

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.03

0.04

0.06

1.55

1.84

2.18

2.52

2.75

3.21

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.11

1.87

2.25

2.69

3.16

3.47

4.12

0.13

0.13

0.16

0.22

0.27

0.44

1.61

1.94

2.33

2.78

3.11

3.95

0.16

0.21

0.30

0.48

0.66

1.21

1.83

2.19

2.61

3.08

3.41

4.13

0.10

0.11

0.15

0.21

0.27

0.50

1.89

2.25

2.67

3.12

3.42

4.09

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.05

1.84

2.23

2.71

3.22

3.57

4.36

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.05

DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994.

SOURCE: ENVIRON International Corporation and Iowa State University Department of Statistics (2003).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 494
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 495
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 496
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 497
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 498
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 499
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 500
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 501
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 502
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 503
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 504
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 505
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 506
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 507
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 508
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 509
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 510
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 511
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 512
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 513
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 514
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 515
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 516
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: U.S. Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994." Institute of Medicine. 2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10925.
×
Page 517
Next: Appendix E: U.S. Dietary Intake Data for Water and Weaning Foods from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 1994–1996, 1998 »
Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate Get This Book
×

Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. This new report, the sixth in a series of reports presenting dietary reference values for the intakes of nutrients by Americans and Canadians, establishes nutrient recommendations on water, potassium, and salt for health maintenance and the reduction of chronic disease risk. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate discusses in detail the role of water, potassium, salt, chloride, and sulfate in human physiology and health. The major findings in this book include the establishment of Adequate Intakes for total water (drinking water, beverages, and food), potassium, sodium, and chloride and the establishment of Tolerable Upper Intake levels for sodium and chloride. The book makes research recommendations for information needed to advance the understanding of human requirements for water and electrolytes, as well as adverse effects associated with the intake of excessive amounts of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and sulfate. This book will be an invaluable reference for nutritionists, nutrition researchers, and food manufacturers.

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