Appendix B
Acronyms and Abbreviations
α
polarizability; or lowest frequency dispersion
AFB
Air Force Base
AFRL
Air Force Research Laboratories (at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas)
AGNIR
Advisory Group on Non-ionizing Radiation
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
B
magnetic flux density
B-dot
sensor that measures the derivative of a magnetic field
BBB
blood-brain barrier
BP
blood bressure
BRFSS
Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
BSL
Broadcast Signal Laboratories
β
second frequency dispersion
CA
Canada
Ca++
calcium ion
CCCR
Cape Cod Commission Reporter
CCEC
Cape Cod Environmental Coalition
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access (cellular telephone technology originally known as IS-95)
CI
confidence interval
CNS
central nervous system
COPPS
Coalition for the Operation of PAVE PAWS Safely
CRC
CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
CW
continuous wave
D
reflector diameter
D-dot
sensor that measures the derivative of an electric field
Da
dalton
dB
decibel
DC
direct current
DDT
dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane
DED
Directed Energy Directorate (of the Air Force Research Laboratories at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas)
DEM
Digital Elevation Model
DMBA
7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
dsb
double-strand breaks
°
degrees
Δf
bandwidth (delta frequency)
E
electric field
EEG
electroencephalogram
EHS
Environmental Health and Safety
EIG
Engineering Installation Group (Keesler Air Force Base, Biloxi, Mississippi)
EIS
Environmental Impact Statement
ELF
extremely low frequency
EMF
electro-magnetic field
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
f
frequency; focal length
frs
principal frequency of the rise time
F
force; frequency
FDMA
Frequency Division Multiple Access (cellular telephone technology)
FM
frequency modulation
ft
feet
γ
third frequency dispersion
GAO
General Accounting Office
Gy
gray
cGy
centigray (10−2 gray)
GPS
Global Positioning System
GSM
Groupe Spécial Mobile (cellular telephone technology)
h
Planck’s constant
HCN
Health Council of the Netherlands
HED
Human Effects Division (of the Air Force Research Laboratories at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas)
HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
HR
heart rate
hsp70
heat-shock protein 70
Hz
hertz
kHz
kilohertz (103 hertz)
MHz
megahertz (106 hertz)
GHz
gigahertz (109 hertz)
THz
terahertz (1012 hertz)
ICNIRP
International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
ILHI
Incomplete Lipschitz-Hankel Integrals
IR
infrared
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IITRI
Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute
J
drift current density; or joule (kJ = kilojoule = 103 joule)
k
Boltzmann’s constant
kg
kilogram (10−3 gram)
λ
wavelength
m
meter
cm
centimeter (10−2 meter)
km
kilometer (10−3 meter)
MA
Massachusetts
Mag
magnitude
MDPH
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
MISER
Massachusetts Institute for Social and Economic Research
MMR
Massachusetts Military Reservation
MPE
Maximum Permissible Exposure
MS
Mississippi
µ
mobility [in J = NµαV(E• ∇)E]
N
particle density [in J = NµαV(E• ∇)E]
NA
National Academies
NAS
National Academy of Sciences
Nc
not calculated
NCRP
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
NIEHS
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NRC
National Research Council
NRPB
National Radiological Protection Board
NSWC
Naval Surface Weapons Center
NYU
New York University
PAVE PAWS
“PAVE” is an Air Force program name and “PAWS” stands for Phased Array Warning System
PCE
perchloroethylene
PI
Physics International
PPPHSG
PAVE PAWS Public Health Steering Group
%
percent
Φ
azimuth angle
q
charge
Q
ratio of stored energy to dissipated energy
QPSK
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (a digital frequency modulation technique for sending data over coaxial cable or radio)
R
resistance [in <V2> = 4kTΔfR]; or distance [in 1/R2]
RF
radiofrequency
RFEMF
radiofrequency electromagnetic field
RG-8
type of coaxial cable
RNA
ribonucleic acid
S
siemen (conductivity is defined in S/m)
SAR
Specific Absorption Rate
sec
second
msec
millisecond (10−3 second)
nsec
nanosecond (109 second)
psec
picosecond (10−12 second)
SES
socio-economic status
SIR
standard incidence rates or standardized incidence ratio
SMR
standard mortality rates or standardized mortality ratio
SRI
Stanford Research Institute (type of dish antenna)
ssb
single-strand breaks
SSI
Swedish Radiation Protection Institute
σ
conductivity (is defined in S/m)
T
tesla; or absolute temperature [in <V2> = 4kTΔfR]
mT
millitesla (10−3 tesla)
TEM
Transverse Electro-Magnetic (type of antenna)
TPA
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbal-13-acetate
TR
Transmit-Receive modules
TV
television
θ
polar angle
τr
pulse rise time
UHF
ultra-high frequency
UK
United Kingdom
US
United States
UV
ulraviolet
UVA
type of ultraviolet light
UVB
type of ultraviolet light
v
velocity
V
volt; or volume of the ion or molecule in [in J = NµαV(E• ∇)E]
kV
kilovolt (103 volt)
VHF
very-high frequency
W
watts; or energy [in W = hf]
kW
kilowatts (103 watts)
W/cm2
watts per centimeter squared (power density)
µW/cm2
microwatts (10−6 watts) per centimeter squared (power density)