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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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GOVERNMENT–INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS

PARTNERING AGAINST TERRORISM

SUMMARY OF A WORKSHOP

CHARLES W. WESSNER

Committee on Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies

Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy

Policy and Global Affairs

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

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Limited copies are available from the Policy and Global Affairs Division, National Research Council, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20001; 202-334-1529.

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Copyright 2005 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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Steering Committee for Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies*

Gordon Moore, Chair Chairman Emeritus, retired

Intel Corporation

M. Kathy Behrens Managing Director of Medical Technology

RS Investment Management and STEP Board

Michael Borrus Managing Director

The Petkevich Group, LLC

Iain M. Cockburn Professor of Finance and Economics

Boston University

Kenneth Flamm Dean Rusk Chair in International Affairs

LBJ School of Public Affairs University of Texas at Austin

James F. Gibbons Professor of Engineering

Stanford University

W. Clark McFadden Partner

Dewey Ballantine

Burton J. McMurtry General Partner

Technology Venture Investors

William J. Spencer, Vice-Chair Chairman Emeritus, retired

International SEMATECH and STEP Board

Mark B. Myers Visiting Professor of Management

The Wharton School University of Pennsylvania and STEP Board

Richard Nelson George Blumenthal Professor of International and Public Affairs

Columbia University

Edward E. Penhoet Chief Program Officer Science and Higher Education

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and STEP Board

Charles Trimble Chairman

U.S. GPS Industry Council

John P. Walker Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Axys Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Patrick Windham President,

Windham Consulting and

Lecturer,

Stanford University

*  

As of October 2002.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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Project Staff*

Charles W. Wessner Study Director

Alan Anderson Consultant

Tabitha M. Benney Program Associate

McAlister T. Clabaugh Program Associate

David E. Dierksheide Program Associate

Christopher S. Hayter Program Associate

Adam Korobow Program Officer

Sujai J. Shivakumar Program Officer

*  

As of October 2002.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
×

For the National Research Council (NRC), this project was overseen by the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP), a standing board of the NRC established by the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine in 1991. The mandate of the STEP Board is to integrate understanding of scientific, technological, and economic elements in the formulation of national policies to promote the economic well-being of the United States. A distinctive characteristic of STEP’s approach is its frequent interactions with public and private-sector decision makers. STEP bridges the disciplines of business management, engineering, economics, and the social sciences to bring diverse expertise to bear on pressing public policy questions. The members of the STEP Board* and the NRC staff are listed below.


Dale Jorgenson, Chair

Frederic Eaton Abbe Professor of Economics

Harvard University

M. Kathy Behrens

Managing Director of Medical Technology

RS Investment Management

Bronwyn Hall

Professor of Economics

University of California at Berkeley

James Heckman

Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics

University of Chicago

Ralph Landau

Consulting Professor of Economics

Stanford University

Richard Levin

President

Yale University

William J. Spencer, Vice-Chair

Chairman Emeritus, retired

International SEMATECH

David T. Morgenthaler

Founding Partner

Morgenthaler

Mark B. Myers

Visiting Professor of Management

The Wharton School

University of Pennsylvania

Roger Noll

Morris M. Doyle Centennial Professor of Economics

Stanford University

Edward E. Penhoet

Chief Program Officer

Science and Higher Education

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

William Raduchel

Chief Technology Officer

AOL Time Warner

Alan Wm. Wolff

Managing Partner

Dewey Ballantine

*  

As of October 2002.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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STEP Staff*

Stephen A. Merrill

Executive Director

Russell Moy

Senior Program Officer

Craig M. Schultz

Research Associate

Camille M. Collett

Program Associate

Christopher S. Hayter

Program Associate

David E. Dierksheide

Program Associate

Charles W. Wessner

Program Director

Sujai J. Shivakumar

Program Officer

Adam Korobow

Program Officer

McAlister T. Clabaugh

Program Associate

Tabitha M. Benney

Program Associate

*  

As of October 2002.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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National Research Council Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy

Sponsors

The National Research Council gratefully acknowledges the support of the following sponsors:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Office of the Director, Defense Research & Engineering

National Science Foundation

U.S. Department of Energy

Optoelectronics Industry Development Association

Office of Naval Research

National Institutes of Health

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Sandia National Laboratories

Electric Power Research Institute

International Business Machines

Kulicke and Soffa Industries

Merck and Company

Milliken Industries

Motorola

Nortel

Procter and Gamble

Silicon Valley Group, Incorporated

Advanced Micro Devices

Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the project sponsors.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
×

Reports in the Series

Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies

New Vistas in Transatlantic Science and Technology Cooperation

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999

Industry-Laboratory Partnerships: A Review of the Sandia Science and Technology Park Initiative

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999

The Advanced Technology Program: Challenges and Opportunities

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999

The Small Business Innovation Research Program: Challenges and Opportunities

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1999

The Small Business Innovation Research Program: An Assessment of the Department of Defense Fast Track Initiative

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2000

A Review of the New Initiatives at the NASA Ames Research Center

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001

The Advanced Technology Program: Assessing Outcomes

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001

Capitalizing on New Needs and New Opportunities: Government-Industry Partnerships in Biotechnology and Information Technologies

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002

Partnerships for Solid-State Lighting

Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002

Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies: Summary Report

Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2002

Securing the Future: Regional and National Programs to Support the Semiconductor Industry

Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2003

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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Contents

PREFACE

 

xv

I.   INTRODUCTION

 

1

II.   PROCEEDINGS

 

21

 

 

Welcome
Bruce Alberts, National Academy of Sciences

 

23

 

 

Introduction
William Spencer, International SEMATECH

 

25

Panel I:

 

Partnering to Meet the New Security Challenge
Moderator: Sean O’Keefe, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

 

28

   

 Partnering for Cyber Security and Infrastructure Protection
Congressman Sherwood L. Boehlert (R-NY)

 

29

   

 Capitalizing on the Nation’s Research Portfolio
Gordon Moore, Intel Corporation

 

34

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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Panel II:

 

Best Practice Examples of Public-Private Partnerships
Moderator: Arden Bement, National Institute of Standards and Technology

 

38

   

 SEMATECH: Assessing the Contribution
Kenneth Flamm, University of Texas at Austin

 

41

   

 Partnering for Progress: The Advanced Technology Program
Maryann Feldman, Johns Hopkins University

 

48

   

 University Research and the Market: The Carnegie Mellon Experience
Christina Gabriel, Carnegie Mellon University

 

51

   

 Discussant: Michael Borrus, The Petkevich Group, LLC

 

60

Panel III:

 

Partnerships Against Bioterrorism
Moderator: Larry Kerr, Department of Homeland Security

 

66

   

 Partnering for Vaccines: The NIAID Perspective
Carol Heilman, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

 

67

   

 Partnering for Counter Measures: The Private Research Perspective
Gail Cassell, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company

 

75

   

 Discussant: Kathy Behrens, RS Investment Management

 

80

Panel IV:

 

Partnering for National Security
Moderator: William B. Bonvillian, Office of Senator Lieberman

 

87

   

 Overcoming Information Overload
Anne K. Altman, IBM Corporation

 

91

   

 New Technologies for New Threats
Ronald M. Sega, Department of Defense

 

95

   

 Security Challenges in an Open Economy
Steve Flynn, Council on Foreign Relations

 

101

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Preface

The National Academies has sought to bring the nation’s great strength in science and technology to bear on protecting the United States against terrorism. In a major 2002 report, Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism, the National Academies characterized the range of threats to the nation’s security and identified research agendas to strengthen areas of vulnerability. It also outlined policies needed to strengthen the government’s ability to draw on the nation’s capacities in science and technology for combating terrorism. Specifically, it noted that effective public-private partnerships must occur for the government and private sector to work together to enhance homeland security.1

In recent years public-private partnerships have played an increased role in developing new technologies both in the United States and abroad. To further our understanding of the motivations, operations, and policy challenges associated with public-private partnerships, the National Research Council’s Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) launched in 1998 a major review of U.S. and foreign programs. This program-based analysis was led by Gordon Moore, Chairman Emeritus of Intel, and Bill Spencer, Chairman Emeritus of International SEMATECH. It was carried out by a distinguished multidisciplinary Steering Committee that included members from academia, high-technology industries, venture capital firms, and the realm of public policy. The Committee’s analysis—which included a significant (though necessarily limited) portion of the variety of cooperative activity that takes place between the government and

1  

See National Research Council, Making the Nation Safer: The Role of Science and Technology in Countering Terrorism, Lewis M. Branscomb and Richard D. Klausner, eds., Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2002.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2005. Partnering Against Terrorism: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11300.
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the private sector—focused on “best practices” among major U.S. partnerships as a way of drawing out positive guidance for future public policy.2

At its concluding conference on October 2, 2002, the National Research Council Committee on Government-Industry Partnerships drew together the findings of its four-year study on partnerships to explore how public-private partnerships can help make the nation safer against terrorism. The conference was well received. Subsequently, the Governing Board Executive Committee authorized the release of a summary report of the workshop. Accordingly, this report summarizes the proceedings of that conference, along with an introductory chapter that highlights key issues raised at the conference. These issues are central to the country’s ongoing efforts to develop new technologies and new approaches to meet the terrorist threat.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

On behalf of the National Academies, we express our appreciation and recognition for the insights, experiences, and perspectives of the conference participants. A number of individuals deserve recognition for their contributions to the preparation of this report. Foremost among these were Dr. Sujai Shivakumar and Alan Anderson, who played an instrumental role in the preparation of this report. Others to whom recognition is due include Christopher Hayter, David Dierksheide, Tabitha Benney, and McAlister Clabaugh. Without their collective efforts, amidst many other competing priorities, it would not have been possible to prepare this report.

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL REVIEW

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: F. M. Ross Armbrecht, Jr., President of the Industrial Research Institute, Howard Frank, Dean of the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University

2  

The findings and recommendations of the Committee’s study on public-private partnerships are presented in National Research Council, Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies: Summary Report, C. Wessner, ed., Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press, 2003.

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of Maryland, Lewis S. Edelheit, Retired Senior Research & Technology Advisor, General Electric Company, and Christina Gabriel, Vice Provost and Chief Technology Officer, Carnegie Mellon University. Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by John White of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, who was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the author and the institution.

Charles W. Wessner

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This book summarizes a major conference organized to bring the lessons of the Academy’s unprecedented analysis of Government-Industry Partnerships to bear on the war on terror. By encouraging policy attention to examples of effective partnerships (in particular, the need for clear goals and regular assessments), this book contributes to a better understanding of the potential of partnerships to bring new security-enhancing technologies and equipment to the market in a cost-effective and timely manner. Partnerships often involve innovation awards which act as a catalyst for small firms or for cooperation among large and small firms and universities to work together on innovative new technologies which are able to address the special challenge of global terrorism. The public–private cooperation reviewed in the conference has the potential to make government funding for security more effective, by leveraging the ingenuity of the private sector to meet the critical national mission of protecting our citizens from terrorism.

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