Appendix D
Bioterrorism Agents
Bacterial and Viral Threat Agents Associated with Animals
Category A Diseases and Agents |
Zoonotic |
Foot-and-mouth disease (Picorna aphthovirus) |
No |
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) |
Yes |
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin) |
No |
Plague (Yersinia pestis) |
Yes |
Smallpox (Variola major) |
No |
Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) |
Yes |
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Machupo viruses) |
No |
Category B Diseases and Agents |
Zoonotic |
Brucellosis (Brucella spp.) |
Yes |
Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens |
No |
Food safety threats (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella) |
Yes |
Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) |
Yes |
Melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei) |
Yes |
Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci) |
Yes |
Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) |
Yes |
Ricin toxin |
No |
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B |
No |
Typhus fever (Rikettsia prowazekii) |
No |
Viral encephalitis (VEE, EEE, and WEE viruses) |
Yes |
Water threats (Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum) |
Yes |
SOURCE: NRC 2002a, 2003a. |
High-Consequence Livestock Pathogens and Toxins
USDA-Only Agents and Toxinsa |
USDA-HHS Overlap Agents and Toxinsb |
African horse sickness virus |
Bacillus anthracis |
African swine fever virus |
Botulinum neurotoxin |
Akabane virus |
Botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium |
Avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic) |
Brucella abortus |
Bluetongue virus (exotic) |
Brucella melitensis |
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent |
Brucella suis |
Camel pox virus |
Burkholderia mallei |
Classical swine fever virus |
Burkolderia pseudonallei |
Cowdria ruminantium (Heartwater) |
Clostridium botulinum |
Foot-and-mouth disease virus |
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin |
Goat pox virus |
Coccidioides immitis |
Japanese encephalitis virus |
Coxiella burnetii |
Lumpy skin disease virus |
Eastern equine encephalitis virus |
Malignant catarrhal fever virus (exotic) |
Franscisella tulanrensis |
Menangle virus |
Hendra virus |
Mycoplasma capricolum/M.38/ |
Nipah virus |
M.mycoides capri (contagious caprine—pleuropneumonia) |
|
Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides (contagious bovine pleuropneumonia) |
Rift Valley fever virus |
Newcastle disease virus (VVND) |
Shigatoxin |
Peste des petits ruminants virus |
Staphylococcus enterotoxins |
Rinderpest virus |
T-2 toxin |
Sheep pox virus |
Venezulan equine encephalitis virus |
Swine vesicular disease virus |
|
Vesicular stomatitis virus (exotic) |
|
aSelect agents and toxins that are only the USDA list of high-consequence livestock pathogens and toxins. bSelect agents and toxins that are on the USDA list of high-consequence livestock pathogens and toxins and on the HHS list of select agents and toxins. SOURCE: USDA-APHIS |