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Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses (2007)

Chapter: Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
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Appendix G
Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz

Tables G.1 and G.2 present the panel’s summary of Earth science passive sensor needs and current allocations above 71 GHz.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×

TABLE G.1 Passive Sensor Needs and Current Allocations Between 75 and 275 GHz

Allocated Band (GHz)

Earth Observing System Instruments

Current Allocation

Other Primary Services

Notes

Lower

Upper

86

92

AMSR, AMSR2, AMSU-A, -B, CMHS, CMSU, MIMR, MTZA, MVZA, MZOAS, SSM/IS, TMI

Primary (exclusive passive)

Radio Astronomy, Space Research (passive)

Clouds, oil spills, ice, snow

100

102

IKAR

Primary

Fixed, Mobile, Space Research (passive)

NO line at 100.49 GHz, limb

105

116

ODIN

Primary (exclusive passive)

Radio Astronomy, Space Research (passive)

O3 line at 110.8 GHz, limb;

CO line at 115.221 GHz, limb;

CO line at 115.27 GHz

116

126

Radiometer (ODIN), AMAS, AMSR2, MILES, MLS, ODIN, SMILES, GEM

Primary

Fixed, ISS, Mobile, Space Research (passive)

Need 115.25-122.25 GHz; O2 line for temperature at 118.8 GHz; NO line at 125.61 GHz, limb. Parameters sensed are wind velocity, temperature, oxygen, and magnetic field

150

151

AMSU-B, MHS

Primary

Fixed, Fixed-Satellite (S-E), Mobile, Space Research (passive)

Want 2 GHz, prefer between 140-150 GHz; surface, water vapor, and cloud parameters for water vapor sounding; NO line at 150.74 GHz, limb

156

158

AMSR2, MHS, MVZA

Primary

Fixed, Fixed-Satellite (S-E), Mobile

Want 155.5-158.5 GHz; surface, water vapor, cloud parameters for water vapor sounding

164

168

AMSR2, CMHS, IMAS, GEM, GeoSTAR

Primary (exclusive passive)

Radio Astronomy, Space Research (passive)

Cloud water, rain, ice; ClO line at 164.38 GHz; ClO line at 167.2 GHz

174.5

176.5

AMAS, AMSR2, AMSU-B, CMHS, HSB, MHS, MILES, MLS, MVZA, SMILES, SSM/IS, GEM, GeoSTAR

Primary

Fixed, ISS, Mobile, Space Research (passive)

Want 174.5-191.6 GHz to improve sounding; three-dimensional sounding for water vapor, both LEO and GEO; NO line at 175.86 GHz for limb sounding

176.5

182

GEM, GeoSTAR

None

Fixed, ISS, Mobile

Needed to improve sounding; three-dimensional sounding for water vapor, both LEO and GEO

182

185

AMSU-B, MHS, MLS, GEM, GeoSTAR

Primary (exclusive passive)

Radio Astronomy, Space Research (passive)

Water vapor line at 183.31 GHz; O3 line at 184.75 GHz; want 174.5-191.6 GHz to improve sounding; three-dimensional sounding for water vapor, both LEO and GEO

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×

Allocated Band (GHz)

Earth Observing System Instruments

Current Allocation

Other Primary Services

Notes

Lower

Upper

185

190

 

None

Fixed, ISS, Mobile

Needed to improve sounding; three-dimensional sounding for water vapor, both LEO and GEO; radio astronomy has secondary allocation by footnote from 186.2-186.6 GHz

190

191.6

 

None

Mobile, Mobile Satellite, Radionavigation, Radionavigation-Satellite

Needed to improve sounding; three-dimensional sounding for water vapor, both LEO and GEO; S5.554 also allocates a form of FSS service in conjunction with MSS and RDNSS from 190-200 GHz

199

200

AMAS, MLS, MASTER

None

Mobile, Mobile Satellite, Radionavigation, Radionavigation-Satellite

Want 199-207 GHz; S5.554 also allocates a form of FSS service in conjunction with MSS and RDNSS from 190-200 GHz

200

202

AMAS, MLS, MASTER

Primary

Fixed, Mobile, Space Research (passive)

Want 199-207 GHz; NO line at 200.98 GHz, limb

202

207

AMAS, MLS, MASTER

None

Fixed, Fixed Satellite (E-S), Mobile

Want 199-207 GHz; ClO; O3 line, limb; N2O; H2; and H2O2

217

231

MLS, MASTER

Primary (exclusive passive)

Radio Astronomy, Space Research (passive)

4 GHz needed, best 217-225 GHz; NO line at 226.09 GHz, limb; O3 line at 230 GHz, limb; CO line at 230.54 GHz, limb

235

238

 

Primary

Fixed, FSS (S-E), Mobile, Space Research (passive)

O3 line at 235.71 GHz, limb; O3 line at 237.15 GHz, limb

250

252

 

Primary (exclusive passive)

Space Research (passive)

NO line at 251.21 GHz, limb

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×

TABLE G.2 Passive Sensor Needs and Current Allocations Above 275 GHz

Allocated Band (GHz)

Earth Observing System Instruments

Current Allocation

Other Primary Services

Notes

Lower

Upper

275

277

 

5.565

 

NO line at 276.33 GHz, limb

296

300

MLS, MASTER

None

 

Want 296-306 GHz; window, line wings

300

302

MLS, MASTER

5.565

 

Want 296-306 GHz; NO line at 301.44 GHz; O3 line, limb; N2O line; O2 line

302

306

 

None

 

Want 296-306 GHz

316

324

 

None

 

Want ± 9.0 or 9.5 GHz around 325 GHz

324

326

MASTER

5.565

 

Want ± 9.0 or 9.5 GHz, nadir water vapor from GEO, limb from LEO; H2O, water vapor sounding at 325.1 GHz

326

334

 

None

 

Want ± 9.0 or 9.5 GHz around 325 GHz

336

344

GEM

None

 

Need 339-348 GHz for water vapor sounding, precipitation cell imaging, and Cloud Ice Water Path measurement

345

347

MASTER

5.565

 

Want 339-348 GHz; CO line at 345.8 GHz, limb; HNO3 line at 346 GHz

347

348

 

None

 

Want 339-348 GHz

363

365

 

5.565

 

O3 line at 364.32 GHz, limb

371.5

379

 

None

 

Water vapor line at 380.2 GHz; need 17 GHz for close to nadir sounding from GEO

379

381

GEM

5.565

 

Water vapor line at 380.2 GHz; need 17 GHz for close to nadir sounding from GEO

381

388.5

 

None

 

Water vapor line at 380.2 GHz; need 17 GHz for close to nadir sounding from GEO

409

411

GEM

None

 

Temperature sounding, centered at 410 GHz

416

433

GEM

None

 

Temperature sounding centered at 424.7 or 2 bands above

485

487

ODIN

None

 

O2 line at 486 GHz, limb

498

505

SOPRANO, MASTER

None

 

BrO line at 498.1 GHz, limb; O3 line at 498.2 GHz, limb; N2O line at 498.3 GHz, limb; H2O line at 498.4 GHz, limb; ClO line at 498.5 GHz, limb; CH3Cl line at 498.6 GHz, limb; Water vapor sounding, near nadir GEO at 498-502 GHz

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×

Allocated Band (GHz)

Earth Observing System Instruments

Current Allocation

Other Primary Services

Notes

Lower

Upper

523

527

 

None

 

Water vapor sounding, near nadir GEO

538

542

 

None

 

Water vapor sounding, near nadir GEO

541

558

 

None

 

Lines of HNO3 and O3, limb

547

584

ODIN

 

Mesospheric H2O

552

562

 

None

 

Water vapor sounding, near nadir GEO

563

580.4

ODIN

None

 

Lines of ClO and O3

624

629

SMILES, SOPRANO

None

 

ClO2 line at 624.271 GHz, limb;

SO2 line at 624.344 GHz, limb;

BrO line at 624.77 GHz, limb;

O3 line at 625.656 GHz, limb;

HCl line at 625.9 GHz, limb;

CH3Cl line at 627.177 GHz, limb;

O2 line at 627.773 GHz, limb;

HOCl line at 628.46 GHz, limb

640

653

MLS (new); SMILES

None

 

Lines:

CH2CL, ClO, BrO, HCl, HOCl, SO2;

H2O line at 647.198 GHz, limb;

ClO line at 649.45 GHz, limb;

HO2 line at 649.701 GHz, limb;

HNO3 line at 650.279 GHz, limb;

O3 line at 650.733 GHz, limb;

NO line at 651.771 GHz, limb;

N2O line at 652.834 GHz, limb

951

956

SOPRANO

None

 

O2 line at 952 GHz, limb;

NO line at 953 GHz, limb

1228

1230

MLS (new)

None

HF line at 1228.95 GHz, limb

2520

2525

MLS (new)

None

 

OH line at 2522.78 GHz, limb

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×
Page 109
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×
Page 110
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×
Page 111
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×
Page 112
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G Earth Science Passive Sensor Needs Above 71 GHz." National Research Council. 2007. Handbook of Frequency Allocations and Spectrum Protection for Scientific Uses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11719.
×
Page 113
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The electromagnetic spectrum is a vital part of our environment. Information encoded in the spectrum of radiation arriving at earth from the universe is the means by which we learn about its workings and origin. Radiation collected from the Earth's land, oceans, biosphere, and atmosphere provide us with much of the data needed to better understand this environment. Wise use of the spectrum is necessary if we are to continue these advances in scientific understanding. To help guide this effort, the NSF and NASA asked the NRC to develop a set of principles for fostering effective allocation and protection of spectral bands for scientific research. This handbook contains practical information in this connection including a description of regulatory bodies and issues, a discussion of the relevant scientific background, a list of science spectrum allocations in the United States, and an analysis of spectrum protection issues.

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