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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2007. Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11753.
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E
Acronyms

ABS American Bureau of Shipping

ACIA Arctic Climate Impact Assessment

AICC Arctic Icebreaker Coordinating Committee

AIS automatic identification system

AMVER Automated Mutual-assistance Vessel Rescue

ARCDEV Arctic Demonstration and Exploratory Voyage

ASPPR Arctic Shipping Pollution Prevention Regulations

BPXA British Petroleum Exploration Alaska, Inc.,

CLCS Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf

DEW Distant Early Warning Line

DHS Department of Homeland Security

ECO Edison Chouest Offshore

EEZ Exclusive economic zone

FESCO Far East Shipping Company

FOS full operating staffing

FOSC federal on-scene coordinators

FY fiscal year

GISP 2 Greenland ice sheet project

Hp horsepower

IACS International Association of Classification Societies

ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions

IGY International Geophysical Year

IMO International Maritime Organization

IPY International Polar Year

ITASE International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expeditions

LEDET law enforcement detachment

LRIT Long Range Identification and Tracking

LTER Long Term Ecological Research

MARAD Maritime Administration

MDA Maritime domain awareness

MMS Minerals Management Service

MOA Memorandum of Agreement

MSC Military Sealift Command

NEWP Northeast Water Polynya project

Nmi nautical miles

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2007. Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11753.
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NSC National Security Council

NSDM National Security Decision Memorandum

NSF National Science Foundation

NSTC National Science and Technology Council

NWP Northwest Passage

OAC external OPP Advisory Committee

OCS outer continental shelf

OMB Office of Management and Budget

OPP Office of Polar Programs

PAME Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment

PIRS Polar Icebreaker Requirements Study

PRV PALMER Replacement Vessel

SAR search and rescue

SHEBA Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean

SIDS sudden infant death syndrome

SLEP service life extension program

UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

UNOLS University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System

USAP United States Antarctic Program

USCG U.S. Coast Guard

USGS U.S. Geological Survey

VOSS Vessel of Opportunity Skimming System

VRAM vessel rehabilitation and modernization

VTS vessel traffic service

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2007. Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11753.
×
Page 121
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." Transportation Research Board and National Research Council. 2007. Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World: An Assessment of U.S. Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11753.
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The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. Polar icebreaking ships are needed to access both regions. Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has supported a fleet of four icebreakers—three multi-mission U.S. Coast Guard ships (the POLAR SEA, POLAR STAR, and HEALY) and the National Science Foundation's PALMER, which is dedicated solely to scientific research. Today, the POLAR STAR and the POLAR SEA are at the end of their service lives, and a lack of funds and no plans for an extension of the program has put U.S. icebreaking capability at risk. This report concludes that the United States should continue to support its interests in the Arctic and Antarctic for multiple missions, including maintaining leadership in polar science. The report recommends that the United States immediately program, budget, design, and construct two new polar icebreakers to be operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The POLAR SEA should remain mission capable and the POLAR STAR should remain available for reactivation until the new polar icebreakers enter service. The U.S. Coast Guard should be provided sufficient operations and maintenance budget to support an increased, regular, and influential presence in the Arctic, with support from other agencies. The report also calls for a Presidential Decision Directive to clearly align agency responsibilities and budgetary authorities.

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