National Academies Press: OpenBook

A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols (2008)

Chapter: Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12003.
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Page 85
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2008. A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12003.
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Page 86

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D Acronyms and Abbreviations ABT – Ambient breeze tunnel ACPLA – Agent-Containing Particles per Liter of Air AGI – All-glass impinger ALO – Agent-like organism APS – Aerodynamic particle sizer ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials BAP – Biologically active aerosol particles BAPLADae – Biologically active aerosol particles per liter of air size resolved by aerodynamic diameter BAU – Biologically active units BAULADae – Biologically active units per liter of air size resolved by aerodynamic diameter BAWS – Biological agent warning sensor BSL – Biosafety level BW – Biological warfare BWA – Biological warfare agent CFU – Colony-forming units Dae – Aerodynamic diameter DARPA – Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DHS – Department of Homeland Security DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid DOD – Department of Defense DPG – Dugway Proving Ground DTRA – Defense Threat Reduction Agency ECBC – Edgewood Chemical and Biological Center ECL – Electrochemiluminescence ELISA – Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ET – Extrathoracic region of the respiratory tract FLAPS – Fluorescence aerodynamic particle sizer GE – Genomic equivalents ID50 – The dosage that is required to infect 50 percent of a given population JPEO –Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense JRO – Joint Requirements Office JT&E – Joint test and evaluation LA – Liter of air LD50 – The dosage that is lethal to 50 percent of a given population LOD – Limit of detection 85

86 MMAD – Mass median aerodynamic diameter P – Pulmonary region of the respiratory tract PCR – Polymerase chain reaction PD TESS – Product Director, Test Equipment, Strategy and Support PFU – Plaque-forming units PM10 – Particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 10 µm RNA – Ribonucleic acid SARS – Severe acute respiratory syndrome T&E – Test and evaluation TB – Tracheobronchial region of the respiratory tract TRL – Technology readiness level USAMRIID – United States Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases WSLAT – Whole system live agent testing

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Biological warfare agent (BWA) detectors are designed to provide alerts to military personnel of the presence of dangerous biological agents. Detecting such agents promptly makes it possible to minimize contamination and personnel exposure and initiate early treatment. It is also important, though, that detectors not raise an alarm when the situation does not warrant it.

The question considered in this book is whether Agent-Containing Particles per Liter of Air (ACPLA) is an appropriate unit of measure for use in the evaluation of aerosol detectors and whether a better, alternative measure can be developed.

The book finds that ACPLA alone cannot determine whether a health threat exists. In order to be useful and comparable across all biological agents and detection systems, measurements must ultimately be related to health hazard.

A Framework for Assessing the Health Hazard Posed by Bioaerosols outlines the possibility of a more complex, but more useful measurement framework that makes it possible to evaluate relative hazard by including agent identity and activity, particle size, and infectious dose.

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