D
Abbreviations and Acronyms
21CTP 21st Century Truck Partnership
ABS antilock brake system
ACC adaptive cruise control
ACEA European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association
AMPT alternative maritime power
AMT automated manual transmission
ANL Argonne National Laboratory
APU auxiliary power unit
AT automatic transmission
ATI automatic tire inflation
BAC battery air conditioning
BES (Office of) Basic Energy Sciences (DOE)
BOP balance of plant
BSFC brake-specific fuel consumption
Btu British thermal unit
C&S codes and standards
CAFE corporate average fuel economy
CAR Cooperative Automotive Research
CARB California Air Resources Board
CCP coordinated cam phasers
CCPPR capital cost per percent reduction
CCS carbon capture and sequestration
Cd drag coefficient
CDL commercial driver’s license
CFD computational fluid dynamics
CFRP carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer
CIL component-in-the-loop
CLEERS crosscut lean exhaust emission reduction simulation
CMEM Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model
CNG compressed natural gas
CO2 carbon dioxide
CO carbon monoxide
COE center of excellence
CPM cost per mile
CRC Coordinating Research Council
Crr coefficient of rolling resistance
CVISN Commercial Vehicle Information System and Networks Program
CVO commercial vehicle operations
CVT continuously variable transmission
DCP dual cam phasers
DCT dual clutch transmission
DDC Detroit Diesel Corporation
Deac cylinder deactivation
DF durability/deterioration factor
DOC U.S. Department of Commerce
DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
DOE U.S. Department of Energy
DOT U.S. Department of Transportation
DPF diesel particulate filter
DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communications
DTI Directed Technologies, Inc.
DTT delivery technical team
DVVL discrete variable valve lift
E85 85 percent ethanol
EC European Commission
EERE (Office of) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
EEA Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc.
EGR exhaust gas recirculation
EIA Energy Information Administration
EISA Energy Independence and Security Act
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ePTO electric power takeoff
ePS electric power steering
EPS electrified parking space
ePump electric engine oil and coolant pump
ETC electronic toll collection
EUCAR European Council for Automotive R&D
EU European Union
EV battery electric vehicle
FACE fuels for advanced combustion engines
FC fuel consumption
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FCHEV fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle
FE fuel economy
FFV flexible fuel vehicle
FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard
FOH fuel-operated heater
FPITT fuel pathway integration technical team
FTP federal test procedure
GATE Graduate Automotive Technology Education
GDI gasoline direct injection
GDL gas diffusion layer
GFRP glass-fiber-reinforced plastic
gge gallons gasoline equivalent
GHG greenhouse gas
GPS Global Positioning System
GREET Greenhouse Gas, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (model)
GS generator set
GVW gross vehicle weight
GVWR gross vehicle weight rating
GW gigawatt (1 billion watts)
H or H2 hydrogen
H2A Hydrogen Technology Analysis (model)
HAMMER Hazardous Materials Management and Emergency Response (facility)
HC hydrocarbon
HCCI homogeneous charge compression ignition
heAlt high-efficiency alternator
HEV hybrid electric vehicle
HFCIT Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies (program)
HFCV hydrogen fuel cell vehicle
HFET highway fuel economy test
HFI Hydrogen Fuels Initiative
HHDDT Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck schedule
HHV hydraulic hybrid vehicle
HIL hardware-in-the-loop
HILS hardware-in-the-loop simulation
HLA hydraulic launch assist
HOT high-occupancy toll (lane)
HOV high-occupancy vehicle (lanes)
HSS high-strength steel
HV hybrid vehicle
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
HyTrans Hydrogen Transition (model)
ICC International Codes Council
ICE internal combustion engine
IEA International Energy Agency
IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle
ITS intelligent transportation system
IVT Intelligent Vehicle Technologies
kg kilogram
kW kilowatt
kWe kilowatt (electric)
kWh kilowatt-hour
Li-ion lithium ion
LCV longer combination vehicle
LCFS low-carbon fuel standard
LNC lean NOx catalyst
LNG liquefied natural gas
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
LSFC load-specific fuel consumption
LTC low-temperature combustion
M85 85 percent methanol
MARKAL Market Analysis (model)
MATT modular automotive technology testbed
MBD Model-Based Design
MEA membrane electrode assembly
Meeh mechanical driven accessories
MHDVs medium- and heavy-duty vehicles
MOU memorandum of understanding
MPa megapascal
mpg miles per gallon
MSM MacroSystem Model
MT manual transmission
MWe megawatt (electric)
NAE National Academy of Engineering
NAS National Academy of Sciences
NE Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE)
NEMS National Energy Modeling System
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
NGNP Next-Generation Nuclear Powerplant
NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
NiMH nickel metal hydride
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NOx nitrogen oxides
NORPASS North American Preclearance and Safety System
NPC National Petroleum Council
NPV net present value
NRC National Research Council
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
O&M operation and maintenance
OBD onboard diagnostic (system)
OCTA Orange County Transit Authority
OEM original equipment manufacturer
O&M operations and maintenance
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory
PBA (Office of) Planning, Budget, and Analysis (DOE)
PCCI premix charge compression ignition
PCE passenger car equivalent
PDP product development process
PEIS programmatic environmental impact statement
PEM proton exchange membrane
PeMS (California) performance measurement system
PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
PM particulate matter
PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles
PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PRD pressure relief device
PSAT Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit
PSR power split ratio
PTO power takeoff
PV photovoltaic
RCP rapid control prototyping
RDR rear drive ratio
RFP request for proposal
RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration (DOT)
RMC ramp modal cycle
ROI return on investment
RPE retail price equivalent
rpm revolutions per minute
RSPA Research and Special Projects Administration (DOT)
SA selective availability (of GPS signal)
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SBIR Small Business Innovation Research
SCI special crash investigation
SCR selective catalytic reduction
SER strategic environmental review
SiC silicon carbide
SIL software-in-the-loop
SMR steam methane reforming
SNL Sandia National Laboratories
SRI Stanford Research Institute
STTR small business technology transfer
SUV sport utility vehicle
SwRI Southwest Research Institute
TG number of transmission gears
TMC traffic management center
TP test procedure
TPMS tire pressure monitoring system
TRB Transportation Research Board
TREAD Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentation
TSS thermal storage system
UC ultracapacitor
UDDS Urban Dynamic Driving Schedule
USABC U.S. Advanced Battery Consortium
USCAR U.S. Council for Automotive Research
VDP Vehicle Development Process
VGT variable geometry turbine
VITT Vehicles Integration Tag Team
VIUS Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey
VMT vehicle miles traveled
VVA variable valve actuation
VVL variable valve lift
VVT variable valve timing
WAAS weighted aerodynamic average speed
WBS wide-base single (tires for low rolling resistance)