National Academies Press: OpenBook

Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries (2010)

Chapter: Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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D
Examples of Chemicals of Concern

The following Tables (D-1 through D-5) are examples of the types of chemicals that a laboratory would include in an inventory of Chemicals of Concern (COCs).

TABLE D-1 Chemical Weapons and Chemical Weapons Precursorsa:

Chemical of Concern

Synonym

CAS Registry Numberb

1,4-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-butane

 

142868-93-7

Bis(2-chloroethylthio)methane

 

63869-13-6

Bis(2-chloroethylthiomethyl)ether

 

63918-90-1

1,5-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-pentane

 

142868-94-8

1,3-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)-n-propane

 

63905-10-2

2-Chloroethylchloro-methylsulfide

 

2625-76-5

Chlorosarin

O-Isopropyl methylphosphonochloridate

1445-76-7

Chlorosoman

O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonochloridate

7040-57-5

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

Chemical of Concern

Synonym

CAS Registry Numberb

DF

Methyl phosphonyl difluoride

676-99-3

Ethyl phosphonyl difluoride

 

753-98-0

HN1 (nitrogen mustard-1)

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine

538-07-8

HN2 (nitrogen mustard-2)

Bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine

51-75-2

HN3 (nitrogen mustard-3)

Tris(2-chloroethyl)amine

555-77-1

Isopropylphosphonyl difluoride

 

677-42-9

Lewisite 1

2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine

541-25-3

Lewisite 2

Bis(2-chlorovinyl)chloroarsine

40334-69-8

Lewisite 3

Tris(2-chlorovinyl)arsine

40334-70-1

Sulfur mustard (mustard gas (H))

Bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide

505-60-2

O-Mustard (T)

Bis(2-chloroethylthioethyl)ether

63918-89-8

Propylphosphonyl difluoride

 

690-14-2

QL

O-Ethyl-O-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonite

57856-11-8

Sarin

O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate

107-44-8

Sesquimustard

1,2-Bis(2-chloroethylthio)ethane

3563-36-8

Soman

O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate

96-64-0

Tabun

O-Ethyl-N,N-dimethylphosphoramido-cyanidate

77-81-6

VX

O-Ethyl-S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methyl phosphonothiolate

50782-69-9

NOTE: Toxic chemicals with few or no legitimate uses, developed or used primarily for military purposes.

aU.S. Chemical Weapons Convention Schedule 1; see http://www.cwc.gov/ (accessed October 28, 2009).

bSee Chemical Abstract Service web site www.cas.org (accessed October 28, 2009).

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Homeland Security list of Chemicals of Interest (6 CFR Part 27 Appendix to Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards; Final Rule; November 20, 2007).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

TABLE D-2 Explosives and Improvised Explosive Device Precursors

Chemical of Concern

Synonym

CAS Registry Number

Aluminum (powder)

 

7429-90-5

Ammonium nitrate

 

6484-52-2

Ammonium perchlorate

 

7790-98-9

Ammonium picrate

 

131-74-8

Barium azide

 

18810-58-7

Diazodinitrophenol

 

87-31-0

Diethyleneglycol dinitrate

 

693-21-0

Dingu

Dinitroglycoluril

55510-04-8

Dinitrophenol

 

25550-58-7

Dinitroresorcinol

 

519-44-8

Dipicryl sulfide

 

2217-06-3

Dipicrylamine [or] Hexyl

Hexanitrodiphenylamine

131-73-7

Guanyl nitrosaminoguanylidene hydrazine

 

 

Hexanitrostilbene

 

20062-22-0

Hexolite

Hexotol

121-82-4

HMX

Cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine

2691-41-0

Hydrogen peroxide (concentration of at least 35%)

 

7722-84-1

Lead azide

 

13424-46-9

Lead styphnate

Lead trinitroresorcinate

15245-44-0

Magnesium (powder)

 

7439-95-4

Mercury fulminate

 

628-86-4

Nitrobenzene

 

98-95-3

5-Nitrobenzotriazol

 

2338-12-7

Nitrocellulose (not filters)

 

9004-70-0

Nitroglycerine

 

55-63-0

Nitromannite

Mannitol hexanitrate, wetted

15825-70-4

Nitromethane

 

75-52-5

Nitrostarch

 

9056-38-6

Nitrotriazolone

 

932-64-9

Octolite

 

57607-37-1

Octonal

 

78413-87-3

Pentolite

 

8066-33-9

PETN

Pentaerythritol tetranitrate

78-11-5

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

Chemical of Concern

Synonym

CAS Registry Number

Phosphorus

 

7723-14-0

Potassium chlorate

 

3811-04-9

Potassium nitrate

 

7757-79-1

Potassium perchlorate

 

7778-74-7

Potassium permanganate

 

7722-64-7

RDX

Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine

121-82-4

RDX and HMX mixtures

 

121-82-4

Sodium azide

 

26628-22-8

Sodium chlorate

 

7775-09-9

Sodium nitrate

 

7631-99-4

Tetranitroaniline

 

53014-37-2

Tetrazene

Guanyl nitrosaminoguanyltetrazene

109-27-3

1H-Tetrazole

 

288-94-8

TNT

Trinitrotoluene

118-96-7

Torpex

Hexotonal

67713-16-0

Trinitroaniline

 

26952-42-1

Trinitroanisole

 

606-35-9

Trinitrobenzene

 

99-35-4

Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid

 

2508-19-2

Trinitrobenzoic acid

 

129-66-8

Trinitrochlorobenzene

 

88-88-0

Trinitrofluorenone

 

129-79-3

Trinitro-m-cresol

 

602-99-3

Trinitronaphthalene

 

55810-17-8

Trinitrophenetole

 

4732-14-3

Trinitrophenol

Picric acid  

88-89-1

Trinitroresorcinol

 

82-71-3

Tritonal

 

54413-15-9

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Homeland Security list of Chemicals of Interest (6 CFR Part 27 Appendix to Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards; Final Rule; November 20, 2007).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

TABLE D-3 Weapons of Mass Effect Agents and Precursors

Chemical of Concern

Synonym

CAS Registry Number

Arsine

 

7784-42-1

Boron tribromide

 

10294-33-4

Boron trichloride

Borane, trichloro

10294-34-5

Boron trifluoride

Borane, trifluoro

7637-07-2

Bromine chloride

 

13863-41-7

Bromine trifluoride

 

7787-71-5

Dinitrophenol

 

25550-58-7

Dinitroresorcinol

 

519-44-8

Carbonyl fluoride

 

353-50-4

Chlorine pentafluoride

 

13637-63-3

Chlorine trifluoride

 

7790-91-2

Cyanogen

Ethanedinitrile

460-19-5

Cyanogen chloride

 

506-77-4

Diborane

 

19287-45-7

Dichlorosilane

Silane, dichloro-

4109-96-0

Dinitrogen tetroxide

 

10544-72-6

Fluorine

 

7782-41-4

Germane

 

7782-65-2

Germanium tetrafluoride

 

7783-58-6

Hexafluoroacetone

 

684-16-2

Hydrogen bromide (anhydrous)

 

10035-10-6

Hydrogen chloride (anhydrous)

 

7647-01-0

Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrocyanic acid

74-90-8

Hydrogen fluoride (anhydrous)

 

7664-39-3

Hydrogen iodide, anhydrous

 

10034-85-2

Hydrogen selenide

 

7783-07-5

Hydrogen sulfide

 

7783-06-4

Methyl mercaptan

Methanethiol

74-93-1

Methylchlorosilane

 

993-00-0

Nitric oxide

Nitrogen oxide (NO)

10102-43-9

Nitrogen trioxide

 

10544-73-7

Nitrosyl chloride

 

2696-92-6

Oxygen difluoride

 

7783-41-7

Perchloryl fluoride

 

7616-94-6

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

Chemical of Concern

Synonym

CAS Registry Number

Phosgene

Carbonic dichloride or carbonyldichloride

75-44-5

Phosphine

 

7803-51-2

Phosphorus trichloride

 

7719-12-2

Selenium hexafluoride

 

7783-79-1

Silicon tetrafluoride

 

7783-61-1

Stibine

 

7803-52-3

Sulfur dioxide (anhydrous)

 

7446-09-5

Sulfur tetrafluoride

Sulfur fluoride (SF4), (T-4)-

7783-60-0

Tellurium hexafluoride

 

7783-80-4

Titanium tetrachloride

Titanium chloride (TiCl4) (T-4)-

7550-45-0

Trifluoroacetyl chloride

 

354-32-5

Tungsten hexafluoride

 

7783-82-6

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Homeland Security list of Chemicals of Interest (6 CFR Part 27 Appendix to Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards; Final Rule; November 20, 2007).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

TABLE D-4 Examples of Acutely Hazardous Chemicals (Globally Harmonized System Category 1)

Chemical of Concern

Synonym

CAS Registry Number

Acrolein

2-Propenal or acrylaldehyde

107-02-8

2-Aminopyridine

 

462-08-8

Arsenic pentafluoride gas

 

784-36-3

Arsine gas

 

7784-42-1

Benzyl chloride

 

100-44-7

Boron trifluoride

Borane, trifluoro

7637-07-2

Bromine

 

7726-95-6

Chlorine

 

7782-50-5

Chorine dioxide

Chlorine oxide (ClO2)

10049-04-4

Chlorine trifluoride

 

7790-91-2

Cyanogen chloride

 

506-77-4

Decaborane

 

17702-41-9

Diazomethane

 

334-88-3

Diborane

 

19287-45-7

Dichloroacetylene

 

79-36-7

Dimethylmercury

 

593-74-8

Dimethyl sulfate

 

77-78-1

Dimethyl sulfide

 

75-18-3

Ethylene chlorohydrin

 

107-07-3

Ethylene fluorohydrin

 

371-62-0

Fluorine

 

7681-49-4

2-Fluoroethanol

 

371-62-0

Hexamethylene diiosocyanate

 

822-06-0

Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrocyanic acid

74-90-8

Hydrogen fluoride

 

7664-39-3

Iron pentacarbonyl

Iron carbonyl (Fe (CO)5), (Tb5-11)-

13463-40-6

Isopropyl formate

 

625-55-8

Methacryloyl chloride

 

920-46-7

Methyl acrylonitrile

2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-

126-98-7

Methyl chloroformate

Carbonochloridic acid, methyl ester

79-22-1

Methylene biphenyl isocyanate

 

101-68-9

Methyl fluoroacetate

 

453-18-9

Methyl fluorosulfate

 

421-20-5

Methyl hydrazine

Hydrazine, methyl-

60-34-4

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

Chemical of Concern

Synonym

CAS Registry Number

Methyl mercury and other organic forms

 

---

Methyl trichlorosilane

 

75-79-6

Methyl vinyl ketone

 

78-94-4

Nickel carbonyl

 

13463-39-3

Nitrogen dioxide

 

10102-44-0

Nitrogen tetroxide

 

10544-72-6

Nitrogen trioxide

 

10544-73-7

Osmium tetroxide

 

20816-12-0

Oxygen difluoride

 

7783-41-7

Pentaborane

 

19624-22-7

Perchloromethlyl mercaptan

Methanesulfenyl chloride, trichloro-

594-42-3

Phosgene

Carbonic dichloride or carbonyl dichloride

75-45-5

Phosphine

 

1498-40-4

Phosphorus oxychloride

Phosphoryl chloride

10025-87-3

Phosphorus pentafluoride

 

7641-19-0

Phosphorus trichloride

 

7719-12-2

Sarin

O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate

107-44-8

Selenium hexafluoride

 

7783-79-1

Silicon tetrafluoride

 

7783-61-1

Sodium azide

 

26628-22-8

Sodium cyanide (and other cyanide salts)

 

143-33-9

Stibine

 

10025-91-9

Sulfur monochloride

 

10025-67-9

Sulfur pentafluoride

 

10546-01-7

Sulfur tetrafluoride

Sulfur fluoride (SF4), (T-4)-

7783-60-0

Sulfuryl chloride

 

7791-25-5

Tellurium hexafluoride

 

7783-80-4

Tetramethyl succinonitrile

 

3333-52-6

Tetranitromethane

Methane, tetranitro-

509-14-8

Thionyl chloride

 

7719-09-7

Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate

 

584-84-9

Trichloro(chlormethyl)silane

 

1558-25-4

Trimethyltin chloride

 

1066-45-1

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Homeland Security list of Chemicals of Interest (6 CFR Part 27 Appendix to Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards; Final Rule; November 20, 2007).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

TABLE D-5 Chemicals Used in Clandestine Production of Illicit Drugs

Chemical of Concern

Target Product

Acetic acid

Phenyl-2-propanone (P-2-P)/cocaine

Acetic anhydride

Heroin/P-2-P/methaqualone

Acetone

Cocaine/heroin/others

Acetyl chloride

Heroin

N-Acetylanthranilic acid

Methaqualone

Ammonium formate

Amphetamines

Ammonium hydroxide

Cocaine/others

Anthranilic acid

Methaqualone

Benzaldehyde

Amphetamines

Benzene

Cocaine

Benzyl chloride

Methamphetamine

Benzyl cyanide

Methamphetamine

2-Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone)

Cocaine

Butyl acetate

Cocaine

N-Butyl alcohol

Cocaine

Calcium carbonate

Cocaine/others

Calcium oxide/hydroxide

Cocaine/others

Chloroform

Cocaine/others

Cyclohexanone

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Diacetone alcohol

Cocaine

Diethylamine

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Ephedrine

Methamphetamine

Ergometrine (ergonovine)

LSD

Ergotamine

LSD

Ethyl acetate

Cocaine

Ethyl alcohol

Cocaine/others

Ethyl amine

Ethy lamphetamine/3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDE)

Ethyl ether

Cocaine/heroin/others

N-Ethy1ephedrine

Ethylamphetamine/MDE

N-Ethylpseudoephedrine

Amphetamines

Formamide

Cocaine

Hexane

Methamphetamine

Hydriodic (hydriotic) acid

Cocaine/heroin/others

Hydrochloric acid

Cocaine

Isopropyl alcohol

Cocaine

Isosafrole

Cocaine

Kerosene

LSD

Lysergic acid

Cocaine

Methyl alcohol

Methamphetamine/3,4-

Methylamine

methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

Methylene chloride

Cocaine/heroin/others

3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-

3,4-MethyIenedioxyamphetamine

2-propanone

(MDA)/MDMA/MDE

N-Methylephedrine

Amphetamines

N-Methylpseudoephedrine

Amphetamines

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

Chemical of Concern

Target Product

Nitroethane

Amphetamines

Norpseudoephedrine

4-Methylaminorex

Petroleum ether

Cocaine/others

Phenylacetic acid

Phenyl-2-propanone

Phenylpropanolamine

Amphetamines/4-methylaminorex

1-Phenyl-2-propanone

Amphetamines/methamphetamine

Piperidine

PCP

Piperonal

MDA/MDMA/MDE

Potassium carbonate

Cocaine

Potassium permanganate

Cocaine

Propionic anhydride

Fentanyl analogues

Pseudoephedrine

Methamphetamine

Pyridine

Heroin

Safrole

MDA/MDMA/MDE

Sodium acetate

P-2-P

Sodium bicarbonate

Cocaine/others

Sodium carbonate

Cocaine/others

Sodium cyanide

PCP

Sodium hydroxide

Cocaine/others

Sodium suifate

Cocaine/others

Sulfuric acid

Cocaine/others

Toluene

Cocaine

o-Toluidine

Methaqualone

Xylenes

Cocaine

NOTE: Organizations may opt not to treat the commonly used chemicals on this list as COCs (e.g., acetone).

SOURCE: Severick, James. 1993. Precursor and Essential Chemicals in Illicit Drug Production: Approaches to Enforcement, National Institute of Justice. http://www.popcenter.org/problems/meth_labs/PDFs/Sevick_1993.pdf (accessed July 2009).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Examples of Chemicals of Concern." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×
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There is growing concern about the possible use of toxic industrial chemicals or other hazardous chemicals by those seeking to perpetrate acts of terrorism. The U.S. Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP), funded by the U.S. Department of State and run by Sandia National Laboratories, seeks to develop and facilitate cooperative international activities that promote best practices in chemical security and safe management of toxic chemicals, including:

  • Partnering with host governments, chemical professionals, and industry to assess and fill gaps in chemical security abroad.
  • Providing technical expertise and training to improve best practices in security and safety among chemical professionals and industry.
  • Increasing transparency and accountability for dangerous chemical materials, expertise, and technologies.
  • Providing opportunities for collaboration with the international professional chemical community.

The Department of State called on the National Academies to assist in the CSP's efforts to promote chemical safety and security in developing countries.

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