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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries

Committee on Promoting Safe and Secure Chemical Management in Developing Countries

Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS

Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was funded under grant number S-LMAQM-08-CA-140 from the United States Department of State. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Department of State.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-15041-5

International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-15041-8

Additional copies of this report are available from the

National Academies Press,

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Copyright 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine


The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.


The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.


The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.


The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.


www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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COMMITTEE ON PROMOTING SAFE AND SECURE CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Ned D. Heindel (Chair)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA

Charles Barton, Independent Consultant,

San Ramone, CA

Janet S. Baum, Independent Consultant,

University City, MO

Apurba Bhattacharya,

Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Charles P. Casey,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Mark C. Cesa,

INEOS USA, LLC, Naperville, IL

M. Iqbal Choudhary,

University of Karachi, Pakistan

Robert H. Hill,

Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA

Robin M. Izzo,

Princeton University, NJ

Russell W. Phifer,

WC Environmental, LLC, West Chester, PA

Mildred Z. Solomon,

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

James M. Solyst,

ENVIRON, Arlington, VA

Usha Wright,

O’Brien & Gere, Syracuse, NY

Patrick J. Y. Lim,

University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines

Staff

Dorothy Zolandz, Director,

Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology

Kathryn Hughes, Program Officer

Tina M. Masciangioli, Responsible Staff Officer

Sheena Siddiqui, Research Assistant

Jessica Pullen, Administrative Coordinator, through May 2010

Lynelle Vidale, Senior Program Assistant, through March 2010

Norman Grossblatt, Senior Editor

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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BOARD ON CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

Ryan R. Dirkx, (Co-chair),

Arkema, Inc., King of Prussia, Pennsylvania

C. Dale Poulter, (Co-chair),

University of Utah, Salt Lake City

Zhenan Bao,

Stanford University, California

Robert G. Bergman,

University of California, Berkeley

Henry Bryndza,

E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Delaware

Emily Carter,

Princeton University, New Jersey

Pablo G. Debenedetti,

Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

Carol J. Henry,

George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, District of Columbia

Charles E. Kolb,

Aerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts

Josef Michl,

University of Colorado, Boulder

Mark A. Ratner,

Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

Robert E. Roberts,

Institute for Defense Analyses, Washington, District of Columbia

Darlene Solomon,

Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California

Erik J. Sorensen,

Princeton University, New Jersey

William C. Trogler,

University of California, San Diego

Staff

Dorothy Zolandz, Director

Amanda Cline, Administrative Assistant

Kathryn Hughes, Program Officer

Tina M. Masciangioli, Senior Program Officer

Ericka M. McGowan, Program Officer

Sheena Siddiqui, Research Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We thank the following for their review of the report:

Asad Abidi, University of California, Los Angeles

Mukund Chorghade, Chorghade Enterprises, Natick, Massachusetts

Peter Dorhout, Colorado State University, Fort Collins

Kenneth Fivizzani, Independent Consultant, Naperville, Illinois

Alastair Hay, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Claude Lucchesi, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois

Richard Niemeier, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio

Khalil Qureshi, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Pakistan

Elsa Reichmanis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta

Carolyn Ribes, Dow Benelux B.V., Terneuzen, Belgium

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of the report was overseen by R. Stephen Berry, University of Chicago, Illinois, and Jeffrey I. Steinfeld, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of the report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
×

About This Study

There is growing concern about the possible use of toxic industrial chemicals or other hazardous chemicals by those seeking to perpetrate acts of terrorism. The U.S. Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP), funded by the U.S. Department of State and run by Sandia National Laboratories, seeks to develop and facilitate cooperative international activities that promote best practices in chemical security and safe management of toxic chemicals, including

  • partnering with host governments, chemical professionals, and industry to assess and fill gaps in chemical security abroad;

  • providing technical expertise and training to improve best practices in security and safety among chemical professionals and industry;

  • increasing transparency and accountability for dangerous chemical materials, expertise, and technologies; and

  • providing opportunities for collaboration with the international professional chemical community.

The Department of State called on the National Academies to assist in the CSP’s efforts to promote chemical safety and security in developing countries.1 More specifically, the National Research Council was asked to perform two main tasks focused on laboratory-scale activities.

1

See Appendix A for the full statement of task.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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  1. Examine the dual-use risks posed by toxic industrial chemicals and other hazardous chemicals in developing countries, particularly in regions where terrorism is on the rise.

  2. Provide guidance and produce educational materials on a baseline of practices in the handling and storage of hazardous chemicals required to promote safety and security in their use in the developing world.

This report addresses these two tasks: the educational materials described will be delivered to the sponsors separately from this report. The educational materials will be based on material generated by this current study (mainly Chapters 3 and 4) and derived from the forthcoming revised edition of Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2010). Those materials will be produced upon completion of the current report, and are meant to be used by CSP and similar organizations that are engaged in chemical laboratory safety and security outreach in developing countries. The NRC plans to seek assistance from other organizations such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS) to review, co-brand, and distribute the materials. The materials will be distributed in print and electronic format, and will be translated into Arabic, French, and Indonesian.

Appointed by the National Research Council, the Committee on Promoting Safe and Secure Chemical Management in Developing Countries was convened to carry out the task. The 14 expert committee members represent the fields of chemical safety, chemical security, chemical management, environmental health and safety, international chemical exchanges and scientific affairs, organic and pharmaceutical chemistry, industrial hygiene and safety, biological safety and security, toxicology, laboratory design and safety, education and behavioral change, and basic chemical synthesis. They have experience in industrial and academic laboratory-scale activities, and they include researchers who have firsthand experience with the conduct of chemical research in developing countries. The committee held four meetings, three of which included data-gathering sessions.2

The committee would especially like to acknowledge the two international members of the committee, Iqbal Choudhary of Pakistan and Patrick Lim of the Philippines, who traveled very long distances and crossed many time zones to attend the committee meetings. It also thanks the three international guest speakers who made long journeys from developing countries to one of our data-gathering meetings and provided invaluable insight to the committee:

2

See Appendix C for committee member and guest speaker biographical information.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Supawan Tantayanon, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

Engida Temechegn, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia

Khalid Temsamani, University Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tétouan, Morocco

In addition, we thank Mohammad El-Khateeb of Jordan University of Science and Technology, who joined one meeting via video conference; and Alastair Hay of the University of Leeds, United Kingdom, and Richard W. Niemeier of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, who had shorter journeys but provided no less valuable insights to the committee.

The committee hopes this report will serve the needs of the Department of State and the CSP and the chemical safety and security needs of the larger international chemistry community.


The Committee on Promoting Safe and Secure Chemical Management in Developing Countries

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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Abbreviations

ACC American Chemistry Council

ACS American Chemical Society

AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association

ASSE American Society of Safety Engineers

BCSP Board of Certified Safety Professionals

CCS ACS Committee on Chemical Safety

CHAS ACS Division of Chemical Health and Safety

CHO Certified Chemical Hygiene Officer

CIH Certified Industrial Hygienist

COC Chemical of Concern

CSHEMA Campus Safety Health and Environmental Management Association

CSJ Chemical Society of Japan

CSO Chemical Safety Officer

CSP Chemical Security Engagement Program

CWC Chemical Weapons Convention

FACS Federation of Asian Chemical Societies

FASC Federation of African Societies of Chemistry

IAC ACS Committee on International Activities

ICCA International Council of Chemical Associations

IPCS International Program on Chemical Safety

IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

IYC 2011 International Year of Chemistry 2011

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2010. Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12857.
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MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheet

NAO National adhering organizations

NCGC National Core Group in Chemistry

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OPCW Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

PacifiChem International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies

PPE Personal protective equipment

RCSC Responsible Care® Security Code

REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical Substances

SAICM Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management

SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

SOP Safe Operating Procedure

SVA Security Vulnerability Assessment

UNESCO U.N. Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

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There is growing concern about the possible use of toxic industrial chemicals or other hazardous chemicals by those seeking to perpetrate acts of terrorism. The U.S. Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP), funded by the U.S. Department of State and run by Sandia National Laboratories, seeks to develop and facilitate cooperative international activities that promote best practices in chemical security and safe management of toxic chemicals, including:

  • Partnering with host governments, chemical professionals, and industry to assess and fill gaps in chemical security abroad.
  • Providing technical expertise and training to improve best practices in security and safety among chemical professionals and industry.
  • Increasing transparency and accountability for dangerous chemical materials, expertise, and technologies.
  • Providing opportunities for collaboration with the international professional chemical community.

The Department of State called on the National Academies to assist in the CSP's efforts to promote chemical safety and security in developing countries.

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